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Maintaining trees on farmland improves the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural lands and contributes to global carbon balance. Samples of 35 trees were harvested for aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock measurements in parkland agroforestry fields of eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Allometric equations were developed using the regression models that related the total AGB with diameter at stump height (DSH), diameter at breast height (DBH) and a combination of DSH, DBH, height (H) and crown diameter (CD). The allometric model related to DBH, Ln (AGB) = -2.85 + 2.4 ln (DBH), was considered the best fit, with the highest adj. R2 (0.88) and lowest prediction residuals sum of squares (PRESS) (3.51 kg), bias (-2 kg), root mean square error (RMSE) (0.3 kg), and Akaike information criterion (AIC) at P<0.01. To validate the best-fitting model for AGB estimation, cross-validation was performed. When assessed with the AGB of F. albida data sets from this work, the species-specific and multi-species previously published models substantially overestimated by 60% and underestimated by 50% respectively. F. albida total AGB was 3372.25 kg ha-1 and 1584.96 kg ha-1 of carbon for a density of 47 trees ha-1 in the parklands. In the F. albida-based parkland farming system, our study identified patterns of carbon distribution in different tree sizes that may serve as a guide for programs that measure, report, and verify carbon stock and promote climate resilient farming system.

Dragon trees have multiple uses. Documentation and analysis of ethnobotanical indigenous knowledge of communities on the use of dragon trees are vital to conserving these flagship species. This study was conducted to assess and document ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of Dracaena ombet and identify socioeconomic factors that control the ethnobotanical knowledge in pastoral areas of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 217 respondents using semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. The association between socioeconomic variables and use knowledge of households was analyzed by multiple linear regressions and generalized linear mixed models. Dracaena ombet is a multifunctional species used for making various utensils, beehives, construction materials, medicine, gum and resin, food and fodder. The majority (>85%) of the products are harvested from stem part. Parents are the main source of ethnobotanical knowledge. Socioeconomic variables have an impact on the household knowledge. The level of ethnobotanical knowledge varied significantly (p≤0.01) among households due to differences in age. Given the various uses, the need to protect the species is high. Conserving this species will allow pastoral households to obtain the benefits from the species.

Traditional gold mining (TGM) commonly implemented in developing countries that resulted in adverse ecosystem degradation. Sustainable management of the ecosystem requires understanding of the overall TGM approach and its ecosystem impacts. This paper systematically reviewed the methods and processes of TGM practice and its impact on agricultural lands and soil quality, vegetation cover, carbon stock, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The potential options for restoration of the degraded post-mined landscapes were also addressed. A total of 113 research materials, published from 2000 to 2023 were retrieved. The destructive and arbitrary nature of TGM practice has reduced considerable size of agricultural land, ranging from 25.8 ha to 4,935 ha. TGM practice significantly depleted essential plant nutrients and released heavy metals to the soil surface. Deforestation due to mining practices caused vegetation cover loss from 3,168 ha to 14,820,000 ha, which had a negative trend in the plant and soil carbon stock. TGM causes significant deterioration of beneficial soil microorganisms like AMF. The common post-mined restoration strategies are Phytoremediation, establishment of native plants assisted with organic matter application and inoculation with AMF. There are inconsistent research results regarding the impact of TGM on AMF that could be a future research hotspot.

This paper aims to revisit a model of the realization of the principle of the Co-existence in Unification Thought that emerged in Korean rural history through the example of a ‘co-operative village.’ A co-operative is a voluntary association created by citizens to co-operatively solve common needs in their lives. The Unification Thought's principle of co-existence has many similarities with co-operatives in that it seeks to realize an economy of true love that contributes to the welfare of all people from the perspective of the human family. This paper presents Song-ra Village in Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do in the 1960s and 1970s as an example of a ‘co-operative village’. Under the influence of the agricultural co-operative movement in the 1960s, the residents of Song-ra village established the ‘Song-ra Agricultural Co-operative’, and the businesses of the cooperative were established and operated such as village shop, a rice mill in the 1960s, a pumping station in the 1970s, a women’s shop, a rice bank, a grain bank, a credit co-operative, a bale factory, and a Credit Union. This paper is significant in that it presents the possibility of realizing the Unification Thought's principle of Co-existence, an economic community of true love, at the local level through the example of a small-scale co-operative movement of villagers who pursued the common interests of the villagers.

A heavenly (shin) world of co-existence, co-prosperity, and co-righteousness predicates a more elevated heart of compassion than during past history. Heaven's only begotten daughter and the Wang Omma (Great Mother) of humanity, Hak Ja Han Moon, has been using the Korean term hyojeong, or an attitude of filial heart to Heavenly Parent, to explain a core concept of the new culture of living for the sake of others in the Cheon Il Guk. She has elaborated on the need for gratitude. Recent psychological and neurological research on gratitude may be helpful to understand this enigmatic pivot towards heaven.

Because humans are spiritual beings, they are natural spirit communicators. Especially, mediums are believed to be able to communicate with deceased people in the spirit world or even God. If the physical structure of humans is something special that enables such spiritual communication, any spirit may be able to possess a cloned human body without its own spirit self, which allows exchanges of information between the physical and spirit worlds. Such spiritual activities in human brains can be monitored through brain waves using appropriate instruments, and possibly send signals back to the spirit world through human brains. It presupposes electromagnetic waves contain spiritual information at some frequencies or in the way they deviate from supposedly random white noise. Quantum physics introduced a new philosophy that observable phenomena can only be explained by assuming the existence of unobservable quantities expressed using imaginary numbers. Those unobservable quantities may exist in another set of dimensions exist that interact with the observable dimensions. Quantum computers utilize such quantum phenomena before they converge into macroscopic binary states. Therefore, using a quantum computer may allow interacting with the other dimensions, such as exchanging emails with deceased people in the spirit world or people who are still alive in the physical world.

Positivity and negativity, particle and wave nature are fundamental properties in existence. Assuming the existence of a complex point charge with these properties, a spherical standing wave model is derived. This spherical standing wave is a spherically symmetric standing wave that resonates between the inner and outer radii. The inner radius does not become zero; therefore, no self-energy divergence problem exists. Since it has complex amplitude corresponding to voltage (scalar potential) and current (vector potential), it is compatible with quantum theory that also has complex amplitude. An electron model is assumed to be a spherical standing wave with an electron classical radius as the inner radius, a Bohr radius as the outer radius, and an elementary charge as the size of wave source. This study obtains energy and resonance conditions from an equivalent resonance circuit. The derived formulas include the Compton wavelength, electron mass, ionization energy, and Rydberg constant. Thus, the calculated values were consistent with existing physical constants. Bohr's atomic model introduced a special assumption of quantum conditions instead of explaining why circularly moving electrons do not emit electromagnetic waves. Conversely, no special assumptions are necessary for the spherical standing wave model, wherein the range of existence of the wave is determined through the resonance conditions.

Bulk of the data we receive about our Universe is due to our scientific equipment, which is based on the electro-magnetic interaction. These devices give us a nice picture of the baryonic mater around us, but cannot shed any light on neither dark matter nor dark energy, which occupy a bulk of the Universe’s energy balance, but do not participate in this interaction. Recently we opened a new window to the Universe – a field of gravitational observations was born. Although we are just in the very beginning of gravitational observations era and our observatories (Ligo, Virgo and Kagra being main of them so far) have a quite moderate sensitivity, so we can only observe signals from merging of very massive objects, like neutron stars and black holes, this is yet a channel, that, at least in principle, allows a glance to the gravitationally interacting dark matter. Step by step we are improving the sensitivity of the devices in both realms, but we are still so far from unveiling so many mysteries of the Universe. In this paper I give a short overview of electro-magnetic and gravitational observatories humanity has been using so far and say a few words about our nearest future plans in this area.

The extreme environment of Antarctica fosters the production of unique secondary metabolites by its native lichens, mosses, and bacteria. These natural products present valuable opportunities for drug discovery due to their distinctive bioactivities and chemical diversity. In this study, the potential of Antarctic-derived metabolites was examined and emphasized the role of advanced analytical and computational techniques in investigating these compounds. Our studies have demonstrated that extracts from Antarctic mosses, lichens, and bacteria exhibit significant bioactivities, including anticancer, antituberculosis, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. By integrating metabolomics within silico analyses, we were able to swiftly and precisely identify bioactive compounds. The use of molecular networking allowed us to map and categorize related metabolites, while molecular docking and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluations provided insights into their pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. This robust methodological approach has led to the identification of several promising bioactive compounds, highlighting the potential of these Antarctic organisms in drug development. Looking ahead, we advocate for the inclusion of genetic analysis and synthetic biology techniques to further investigate and harness these natural products. Genetic studies can elucidate biosynthetic pathways, and synthetic biology can facilitate the optimization and scalable production of these bioactive compounds. In summary, the combination of metabolomics, in silico analysis, genetic research, and synthetic biology offers a powerful strategy for discovering novel pharmacologically active compounds from Antarctic natural products. This study seeks to spotlight the untapped potential of these resources and promote their integration into the drug discovery pipeline.

Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is a global public health issue that significantly increases morbidity and mortality while decreasing the quality of life. Characterized by symptoms such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, it necessitates therapeutic strategies including the inhibition of enzymes involved in nutrient absorption and digestion. Natural products, especially those sourced from extreme environments like Antarctica, offer unique chemical structures suitable for drug discovery. In this study, metabolites were extracted and profiled from a rare Antarctic moss, named An-MS1. The spectral data obtained from LC-MS/MS analysis of the methanol extract were processed to construct a molecular network, revealing the presence of 17 compounds. The pharmacological potential of the identified compounds was investigated through comprehensive in silico analysis. Molecular docking analysis was initially conducted to assess their interactions with target enzymes involved in MetS, specifically amylase, glucosidase, and lipase. The docking studies indicated significant inhibitory activity of several compounds against these enzymes. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and SwissADME pharmacokinetic analyses were performed to evaluate the stability and pharmacological properties of the identified compounds. The results demonstrated that the identified compounds possessed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and strong potential as novel enzyme inhibitors. This study reports the successful metabolite profiling of an Antarctic-derived moss and highlights its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. The findings suggest that a combined approach of metabolomics and in silico analysis can effectively accelerate the identification of new drug candidates from rare natural samples, which may have been previously overlooked.

Microorganisms are known to inhabit various environments, and researchers have been striving to isolate microorganisms from numerous environments. With the advancement of sequencing technology, it is possible to perform sequencing analysis without isolating microorganisms, enabling the use of microbial genome information with various activities, and microbial research is becoming more active. In line with this trend of research, it was reported that there are various activities, and we wanted to study Burkholderia, which includes everything from pathogens to plant-benefit bacteria. Burkholderia has been steadily expanding and speciating since the initial speciation from Pseudomonas, and in the case of species related to pathogens such as Burkholderia cepacia complex, integrated research has been conducted in the form of complex. However, there is a lack of comparative research between different complexes and plant-benefic Burkholderia, so in this study, we compared pathogen and plant-benefic Burkholderia using genome information. The ANI analysis showed a significant difference, and the secondary metabolite pattern was also confirmed to be different. These results are expected to be the cornerstone for distinguishing pathogen and plant-benefic Burkholderia and subsequent research.

Climate change due to skyrocketing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases is driving an increased sense of urgency to transition away from fossil fuels to low-carbon sources of electric power. An international levelized cost of energy (LCOE) analysis shows the cheapest low-carbon source is extended life traditional nuclear, followed by hydro-electric, then solar and land-based wind at low grid penetration, with traditional nuclear not far behind. But variable renewable energy (VRE) sources such as solar and wind become more costly as their grid-penetration increases, as energy storage systems (ESS) must be added to mitigate intermittency. The cheapest ESS systems with sufficient daily throughput are lifted brick and above ground pumped water systems, but beyond a relatively low penetration threshold VRE+ESS become more rapidly more expensive with penetration than traditional nuclear or small modular reactors (SMRs). The latter are fission reactors designed to be stable to loss-of-coolant accidents, shorter time to operation, and are developing to the licensing and implementation stage. Although VREs are now all the rage, their ESS costs will tend to force international investments into lower cost baseloads like hydro and flexible SMRs as their grid penetration approaches their ESS cost barriers.

As electric vehicles spread, electric vehicle fires continue to occur. The main cause of these electric vehicle fires is battery overload caused by battery management system (BMS) malfunction. Existing BMS measures the voltage of the battery by physically connecting each battery cell and the controller, but in electric vehicles, the battery operates up to 1,000V or more. In this high-voltage environment, the BMS, which is the circuit that manages the battery, operates at a low voltage of 5V or less. Therefore, if a high battery voltage has an incorrect effect on the BMS board operating at a low voltage, the BMS board is destroyed, leading to battery malfunction and battery explosion. In order to compensate for these problems, indirect measurement technology that physically isolates the battery cell and the low-voltage control board is important. The indirect measurement method of the isolation structure obtained in previous research for safe battery voltage measurement resulted in battery cell voltage monitoring results of several mV to tens of mV due to errors due to device imbalance and temperature characteristics of the battery cells found in the parallel structure. To solve this problem, we were able to overcome inaccurate battery cell voltage monitoring results due to device imbalance and temperature characteristic differences at once by sequentially monitoring the battery voltage of all battery cells through a single indirect measurement path. In the process of recognizing battery cell voltage, changes in monitoring voltage depending on temperature must be compensated. However, the existing temperature compensation circuit used a temperature sensor to compensate for the temperature with a resistance value, but accurate compensation was difficult. In this paper, in order to accurately compensate for temperature, the reference voltage (REF_V) was created internally by dividing it into 15 steps from 4.2V to 3.2V, and the temperature can be compensated by applying the voltage (REF_V), so the battery voltage can be recognized accurately at any temperature. I could do it. Additionally, the internal clock oscillator that generates the clock internally is designed to operate at 1khz. As a result of the design, temperature compensation was performed on 16 battery cells, and when operating at an internal clock of 1khz, all 16 battery cells and reference voltages could be monitored in 2 seconds. The research results of this paper automatically generate temperature compensation. voltage REF_V and battery cell voltage along with code values, allowing BMS operation to be accurately known without CPU control.

We introduce a compact 60-GHz variable-gain amplifier optimized for high efficiency and wireless applications, crucial for combating climate change and advancing automation. This device features a phase-compensated variable array attenuator in a four-stage common-source layout, using advanced 65-nm CMOS technology. It achieves a peak gain of 30.2 dB with a gain control range of 3.2 dB to 30.2 dB, supporting broadband needs for automated and wireless automotive systems like rear-view cameras. The design's phase stability is enhanced by a proprietary technique, limiting phase variation to under 5 degrees. It also maintains low power consumption at 42.3 mW, supporting sustainable technology use. Performance tests show strong reliability, with consistent scattering parameters across various conditions, making it ideal for modern, energyefficient wireless communication in automation and vehicle applications.

This study developed an innovative color classification system integrating the TCS3200 color sensor with an optimized integrating sphere to enhance color recognition accuracy in varying light conditions. The system features a curved baffle and titanium white coating, which optical simulations showed improved light uniformity and increased overall sensitivity compared to conventional designs. An Arduino-based control system with servo motors automates the classification process. Experimental results demonstrated the system's capability to process about 5 objects per minute with an average RGB similarity of 74.06% across 12 color samples. The integrating sphere's design significantly reduced sensitivity to external lighting variations, maintaining consistent performance under diverse conditions. This research contributes to the field by proposing a novel method to substantially improve color sensor performance, particularly in industrial applications requiring high accuracy and consistency. The system's stability and accuracy make it potentially valuable for applications in food industry, recycling, and quality control, addressing the limitations of conventional color detection systems in dynamic lighting environments.

In the pursuit of understanding the complexities of the human brain, combining Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides a powerful approach. This paper introduces a methodology to merge these two brain imaging techniques, aiming to leverage their complementary strengths. EEG captures the rapid dynamics of neural activity with high temporal resolution, while fMRI offers detailed localization of brain functions with superior spatial resolution. By integrating EEG and fMRI, we can overcome the limitations of each technique when used separately, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of brain activity. We discuss advanced techniques for synchronizing and integrating EEG and fMRI data which are acquired simultaneously in resting state, highlighting the role of innovative computational methods and machine learning algorithms in enhancing data fusion. We have developed a Transformer-CNN model to generate fMRI data from EEG and have assessed the accuracy of the predicted fMRI data compared to the ground truth both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our study is still ongoing, but it demonstrates the potential of leveraging deep learning for enhancing multimodal brain imaging. We have also shown the feasibility and applicability of synthesizing EEGto- fMRI in resting state, which could be valuable for neuroscientific research.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a vital part of neuroscience research, providing insight into brain activity by noninvasive measurement of electrical potentials. The raw EEG data is frequently contaminated with artifacts from many diversified sources, such as eye movements, muscle movements and environmental noise. Efficient preprocessing is vital for an improved efficacy of a signal, along with its robustness. This paper presents a structured procedure for preprocessing an EEG signal for extraction of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and for decomposing the signal into its frequency bands. The BrainVision system recorded the EEG data, and before analysis, we carried out preprocessing steps, which are: set channel types, use standard montages, resampling, referencing, filtering, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), event handling, and segmenting the frequency bands. We applied band-pass filters to isolate delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, followed by Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), which provides spectrogram for each frequency band, and finally, our purpose was to compute ERP (Event-Related Potential) time-locked averages over defined channels using the processed data. The outcomes of the above procedure demonstrate the efficiency of our process in removing artifacts and enhancing the clarity of our signal by showing the distinct patterns in the different bands of interest as well as the ERP waveforms. This methodological approach underscores the importance of meticulous preprocessing in EEG analysis, paving the way for more accurate and interpretable results in cognitive and clinical research. By following the methodology in this paper, researchers can have more accurate and interpretable results, either for cognitive or clinical research. Incorporating advanced signal processing technology, this study proposes a powerful framework for the EEG data analysis, which will provide a thorough understanding and exploration of the dynamics of the brain.

Machine learning tools have been extensively exploited by dermatologists to determine the skin diseases in humans. However, less studies have been conducted in case of animals since they possess dense hairs in their skin. There are many researches on inpainting models to remove hair in the human skin images. We aim to determine the best model that can remove hairs in dermoscopic images of pet animals, specifically dogs and cats, and ultimately enhance the performance of skin disease detection. Three inpainting models, including BAT-Fill, EBAT, and DeepFillv2, were assessed to remove hairs from hairy raw skin images of pets. Those models were trained using human skin image datasets since paired data of hairy and hairless skin images are unavailable. The EBAT model exhibited the best qualitative performance in hair removal among those models. The inpainting models will be further examined to improve the accuracy for detecting skin diseases from pet skin images. It is obviously challenging due to the vulnerability of hair removal models to the heterogeneity of skin images over species while the available data of pet images are not sufficient to train them. We are pioneering to develop a robust model integrating hair removal and disease classification that can achieve superior performance over diverse species of animals.

Environmental inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD) are 12 common skin disorders in both industrialized and developing countries. They are characterized by a defect of 13 the skin barrier and increased inflammatory response. Worldwide, the prevalence of environmental and 14 occupational dermatitis has increased exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the elevated 15 utilization of disinfectants and personal protective equipment (PPE). Steroids have long been used as the first 16 line treatment for dermatitis; but considering their side effects and contraindications, there is a need of effective 17 treatments with better safety profile. This mini-review highlights the skin health benefits of African plant V. 18 amygdalina leaf extracts (AMXs). We conducted experimental studies using mouse models of allergic contact 19 dermatitis (ACD), which showed that its aqueous (AMX1) and ethanolic (AMX2) leaf extracts were as effective 20 as topical steroid preparation in preventing ACD and relieving the number of scratching counts, skin erosion 21 and excoriation. Another study (immuno-fluorescence assay) showed that AMX and AMX-contained Vernodalin 22 both have significantly increased the production of filggrin (FLG) in mouse skin and reduced plasma TNF-alpha 23 (vs. steroid). In our clinical investigation among Congolese patients with moderate AD and CD (N=25), AMX1 24 and AMX2 were as effective as steroid preparation; but relatively more effective in relieving pruritus and 25 wounded skin. Findings from this research suggest that AMXs improve skin barrier, with good efficacy and 26 safety profiles, and may serve as effective therapeutic agents for inflammatory skin diseases.

It is difficult to feel God's involvement through modern medicine, although it is relatively easy to feel it through spiritual healing. I report on a case in which I felt God’s involvement through modern medicine. The case was a 10-year-old girl who developed bilateral pneumonia three months after undergoing an unrelated bone marrow transplantation for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Even with antibiotics, respiratory failure progressed rapidly, requiring mechanical ventilation 4 days after onset and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 9 days later. The ECMO was continued for one month, but it would be difficult to continue any longer. Attending physician (AP) prayed to God and was taught that a lung transplantation (LT) was only a curative treatment. AP consulted with a pulmonary surgeon at another hospital about LT, and it was finally determined that LT was possible due to the selection of blood type-matched donors and proof that ALL is in remission. She was transferred by helicopter to another hospital with ECMO attached and received LT of one lung each from her parents successfully. She has been disease-free for 6 years after LT. It is considered that God was involved because LT was successful after overcoming various problems through the prayer of AP.

This research looks at the complex relationship between mental health and spiritual healing, attempting to understand the mechanisms by which spiritual practices affect psychological well-being. While most mental health interventions rely on psychological and pharmacological techniques, the introduction of spiritual components into therapeutic paradigms has attracted attention for its potential to supplement and improve established treatments. This study, which draws on interdisciplinary research from psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, and spirituality, synthesizes existing information on how spiritual practices such as mindfulness, meditation, prayer, and ceremonial ceremonies affect mental health outcomes. It investigates the psychological processes that underpin spiritual experiences, such as stress response modulation, improved emotional control, and resilience development. Furthermore, this research also investigates the function of spirituality in dealing with adversity, trauma, and existential discomfort, emphasizing its importance in supporting meaning-making and existential well-being. This paper provides insights into the integration of spiritual interventions within mental health care settings by conducting a thorough analysis of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to healing that addresses the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit.

In Oriental Medicine (OM), loss of one’s sense of purpose or drive can primarily stem from our Wood element. Ability to envision beyond oneself and enjoy what you are doing allows us to work doing a job we may not love but rather endure because of Wood’s ability to envision the bigger picture. OM philosophy teaches that Water element generates Wood element. Sleep or downtime, stillness, and meditation are all Water activities by nature and nourish the need for movement. However, the complexities of the human experience require more explanation than a disharmony of Wood being the source of our fatigue. While chronic fatigue and burnout have theoretical explanations in OM, I would like to also discuss Dr. Shen’s Systems Theory in parallel to current research and data regarding chronic fatigue in Western Medicine (WM). This approach lends even more clinical insight and explanation to the varied symptoms and underlying patterns accounting for fatigue, thus staying in accordance with the goal of all practitioners, diagnosing and effectively treating patients as individuals.

The purpose of this study was to provide empirical data by investigating the effect of jumping rope exercise on stress relief and self-confidence improvement among elementary school students. For the study, a survey was conducted on 395 elementary school students who are doing rope jumping exercises. Exploratory factor analysis, one-variate analysis, stress relief, and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS Win 22.0 program to validate this study. There was a significant difference in the problem-solving and effort-dissolving behavior for stress-relief by gender," said. As a result of relieving stress over the training period, there was a significant difference in effort behavior. A significant difference was found in the problem-solving and effort-dissolving behavior of the average number of times a jump motion was performed once. There was a significant difference in confidence and positive learning by gender," said. A significant difference was shown in confidence in improving confidence based on the average number of people in the first run. In conclusion, it has been shown that jumping rope exercises have an effect on stress relief. It has also been shown to affect self-confidence and positive acquisition. It should be applied to middle and high schools and the general public to conduct research on the effects of jumping rope exercise on health, stress relief, and self-confidence.

End of Life Care ( EoLC) is a form of care that supports terminally ill patients to spend the rest of their lives as meaningfully and comfortably as possible, and rather than simply focusing on prolonging their lives, it focuses on maintaining the dignity of patients and improving the quality of life. Although it is very difficult to defind end-stage patients, This Study was intended to investigate the elements of ideal EoLC by limiting the case of case of caring for patients with unclear consciousness and approaching death. Through the survey, the need for sufficient communication between medical personnel and their families, psychological and spiritual support, and hospital system improvement was emphasized. The results of the study suggest that sufficient communication and compassionate and comprehensive care between medical personnel and their families are important for both patients and their families to live an emotionally stable and peaceful process of death.

As South Korea's rapid economic growth progresses and it becomes wealthier both economically and materially, various issues have emerged, including complexities in human relationships, mental health problems such as depression, school violence, bullying, suicide, population aging, and declining birth rates. With the rapid aging of South Korea's population, the proportion of people aged 65 and over currently stands at 18.4% of the total population, and it is estimated to reach 24.6% by 2033. As we face an aging society, it is crucial to seriously consider how to live healthily in both mind and body, and how and where to approach the end of life. This time, by referring to the medical realities of Japan, which is already ahead in dealing with an aging society, I would like to examine the current situation and issues in South Korea and determine the direction we should take. To address these problems, I propose that the public health center in Gapyeong County and HJ Magnolia International medical center take the lead in establishing a community-based comprehensive care system model in Gapyeong County.

This paper will explore the topic of the theology of religion, an area of theology that considers how one religion understands another religion theologically. Theology of religions explores the way in which the truth claims of other religions are understood in comparison to one’s own religion. While all religions---Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, etc.- -- may have an explicit, implied or nascent theology of religions, this paper will focus on Christianity and Unificationism/ FFWPU, as a religious movement that identifies itself as building upon and fulfilling the Christian foundation. The paper will explore the ways in which Christians, and Unificationists, view, theologically, the doctrines of other religions. It will consider the ways in which theology of religions impacts our relationships with believers of other religions.

Since 1991 when Kim Hak-Sun became the first woman to come forward to the public, identifying herself as a victim of the World War II Japanese Imperial Army’s Comfort Women system, a sharp divide has existed between Japan and many of its neighbors, with the divide between Korea and Japan being the sharpest and the most publicized. Japan, throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the new Millennium, attempted to dismiss this issue. The Japanese court system, beginning with December 6, 1991 Association of Korean Victims Lawsuit in Tokyo District Court consistently sided with the Japanese government’s official position that an unconditional acceptance of responsibility for this tragic chapter of history by Japan and the provision of reparations by Japan to the system’s victims was not required as the plaintiffs had argued. Japan’s interest in addressing this matter was piqued, however, when the first Memorial to commemorate the Comfort Women was established in Palisades Park, New Jersey, United States of America in 2010 followed by the first memorial in Korea directly in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul in 2011, This presentation proposes to re-examine the Comfort Women issue, considering its scope and significance, even providentially, and invites reflection and consideration of how progress can be made in the resolution of this problem. This presentation also invites consideration of True Parents’ view of this tragedy and assesses the role that they and FFWPUI have already played and might play in the future in the transformation and attenuation of this conflict, utilizing a Unificationist application of Peace Studies to this problem in particular.

What is a symbol of the Four-Position-Foundation? Are there different ways to represent the Four-Position-Foundation? This study presents some major symbols of Judaism, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Unification Thought as very similar expressions of the Four-Position-Foundation. Although they are somewhat different in their focus, the most common features of the Four-Position-Foundation are shown to be present, allowing us to have a common denominator or language for sharing experiences across cultures. Atheists sometimes wonder, “If there is a God, then why are the major religions so different.” This study shows that they are not so different, due to the common dynamic of the Four- Position-Foundation present in their most holy symbols and descriptions of ultimate reality. Finally, a hypothesis is made linking the Four-Position-Foundation to an Internal Periodic Table, that if true, helps unify science and religion, possibly resulting in reduced time and expense for developing materials with special properties.