Earticle

Historically, scientific and religious frameworks have operated as separate epistemological spheres in the pursuit of anthropological truth. While mainstream evolutionary biology relies on random mutation and passive selection filters to explain human origins, theological traditions often bypass physical mechanisms entirely. This paper proposes a synthesis— a Unified View of Evolution—blending the insights of the Divine Principle with contemporary post-Darwinian concepts such as epigenetics, monophyletic lineages, and population genetics. We argue that human evolution is an intentionally directed process operating through invariant natural laws (the Logos), executed via spiritual agency over a three-million- year hominin breeding program. By re-evaluating the physical and spiritual convergence at the dawn of the Neolithic age, this framework provides a robust model for the emergence of the original human pair and the structural restoration of human nature.

Bacteria can sense and respond to diverse environmental signals, including chemical gradients, temperature shifts, osmotic stress, and mechanical forces. However, bacterial responses to complex acoustic environments remain poorly understood. In this exploratory study, we examined the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of Escherichia coli exposed to two distinct acoustic conditions. We observed condition-associated differences in colony morphology, with the Chanyang condition showing greater biomass accumulation and more irregular and spreading colony structures than the K-pop and non-stimulated conditions. Because biofilm formation and extracellular matrix production were not directly measured, these morphological characteristics are interpreted as biofilm-like features rather than evidence of confirmed biofilm formation. To explore potential biological processes associated with these phenotypic differences, we combined untargeted metabolomics, molecular networking, and AI-assisted biological knowledge integration. The Chanyang-associated metabolic profile included several putatively annotated lipid-related features, including N-acylglycine-, N-acylethanolamine-, and ceramide-related features, as well as other metabolites potentially associated with membrane and stress-related processes. These annotations were not confirmed using authentic standards or orthogonal structural methods and therefore should be considered hypothesis-generating. The observed metabolic differences do not establish whether the response resulted from direct mechanosensory processes or indirect changes in the culture environment. Likewise, quorum-sensing activity was not directly assessed. Overall, the findings indicate that distinct acoustic exposure conditions were associated with differences in E. coli colony morphology and metabolic profiles. These observations provide a basis for future studies investigating how acoustic or mechanically associated environmental stimuli may influence bacterial physiology and cellular organization.

Understanding complex technical objects, to a large extent, determines the efficiency of the design process. A conceptual model of the complex objects represents this understanding. The proposed cyclic-modular model is based on notions such as features, processes, and object structure. The model details a mechanism of interaction between object features and its structure. The base of this mechanism is a hierarchical functional process represented by closed-function diagrams. The closed form of the diagrams allows for workflow cycling and is also used to define and form functional modules. Object design is considered an evolutionary process that evolves through three streams: content, connections, and activities. The model application provides the basis for the practical analysis and design of complex technical objects and the creation of software tools. The proposed model's application is illustrated by an example of a module that converts flow into velocity. The study method of system analysis through logical reasoning has been used.

Modern golf club engineering has reached a physical and regulatory plateau (e.g., driver coefficient of restitution cap at 0.830), where further face thinning risks catastrophic fatigue failure under high impact forces. This study introduces an ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) paradigm to enhance and restore the surface integrity of golf club faces while maintaining full USGA/R&A regulatory compliance. UNSM induces severe plastic deformation, refining surface grains to 50–200 nm, generating deep compressive residual stress (−800 to −1200 MPa), increasing Vickers hardness by 6.3–29.6%, and forming uniform micro-dimpled textures. Empirical driver tests (N = 30) demonstrate a statistically significant carry distance gain of +8.16 m (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.61) and a 42% reduction in lateral dispersion. Robotic putter tests reveal a 28.1% reduction in the unstable skid phase (p < 0.001) and an 85.45% decrease in mean lateral error, increasing hole-in success rates from 66.67% to 93.33% for new AISI 304 putters (p = 0.0098) and restoring aged copper alloy putters from 64.0% to 88.0% (p = 0.0468). Preliminary trials on wedges and fairway woods also suggest improved wear resistance and fatigue crack retardation. Furthermore, extending club lifespans via room-temperature UNSM remanufacturing avoids energy-intensive primary smelting, offering substantial greenhouse gas reductions per functional club head alongside an online-to-offline (O2O) circular business model.

This study explored the healing experiences of participants in the Hyojeong Spiritual Healing Program using a qualitative research design. The Hyojeong Spiritual Healing Program is a 14-day faith-based residential program at HJ Magnolia International Medical Center in South Korea. It combines prayer, meditation on sacred teachings, spiritual healing sessions, counseling-oriented dialogue, educational activities, and community support. As increasing attention has been given to holistic health and spirituality, there is a growing need to understand how spiritual healing contributes to psychological, physical, and existential well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants who completed the program, and the data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Five interconnected themes were identified: (1) motivation for participation, (2) transformative spiritual healing experience, (3) psychological recovery, (4) perceived physical recovery, and (5) rediscovery of meaning in life. These themes reflected interconnected dimensions of participants' perceived healing experiences, encompassing spiritual transformation, psychological recovery, perceived physical improvement, and renewed meaning in life. An interpretive conceptual framework was developed to illustrate these relationships without assuming a fixed temporal sequence or causal mechanism. Participants described prayer, meditation, communal support, and spiritual practices as central elements facilitating this transformation. The findings suggest that the Hyojeong Spiritual Healing Program may promote holistic healing by integrating spiritual, psychological, and physical dimensions while providing a meaningful framework for coping with illness and suffering. This study offers qualitative insights into participants’ perceived experiences of spirituality and healing and contributes practical implications for pastoral counseling, spiritual care, and holistic health promotion. Future mixed-methods research incorporating objective physiological indicators is recommended to further examine and validate these findings.

In an era of rapid socio-political transformation, Generation Z has emerged as a distinct force shaping activism and societal change. This study examines the attributes that define this generation’s approach to social engineering, highlighting characteristics such as fearless, tireless, leader-free, restless, selfless, speech-free, and tribe-free. These traits enable Gen Z to navigate contemporary socio-political landscapes with unprecedented influence, particularly in digital activism and grass-roots movements. Through a mixed-methods approach, this research seeks to observe, describe, explain, and predict the patterns that define this emerging phenomenon. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies will provide insight into how Gen Z’s collective action is reshaping traditional hierarchies, challenging societal norms, and influencing policy-making. The findings will contribute to discussions on generational identity and the future of social movements in the digital age.

This article explores the concept of social transformation, focusing on the role of religious leadership and the transformative potential of interfaith dialogue in promoting peace and social cohesion. Drawing on historical and contemporary perspectives, the study examines the contributions of influential religious figures, including Pope Leo XIII and Charles Cardinal Lavigerie, whose ideas and initiatives helped shape religious thought and the integration of faith into broader processes of social change. Particular attention is given to the Coast Interfaith Council of Clerics (CICC) in Mombasa County, Kenya, as a case study of religious engagement in peacebuilding and social transformation. The study adopted a qualitative research design, collecting data through 30 key informant interviews and four focus group discussions involving 66 participants. The data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns concerning religious leadership, interfaith collaboration, peacebuilding, and social cohesion. Grounded in Catholic Social Teaching (CST) and conflict transformation theory, the study examines the CICC’s strategies, including grassroots engagement and interfaith collaboration, as well as the challenges posed by limited resources, religious extremism, socio-economic inequalities, and entrenched socio-political conflicts. The findings demonstrate the potential of interfaith initiatives to address structural injustices, foster reconciliation, and strengthen social harmony. They also underscore the importance of incorporating local knowledge and cultural sensitivity into peacebuilding initiatives to enhance their sustainability and effectiveness. The study recommends stronger partnerships between religious and secular actors, increased financial and institutional support for interfaith initiatives, and the development of robust theological education programs that equip religious leaders with the knowledge and skills required for peacebuilding. The article concludes that religious leadership, when combined with meaningful interfaith dialogue and practical social engagement, can contribute significantly to social transformation and the development of a more equitable and peaceful society.

The paper offers an in-depth landscape analysis of the impact of environmental policies on public health trajectories in Kenya (2000-2025). The analysis draws on the evidence of policy development, implementation, environmental exposures, and public health outcomes, and acknowledges that there is insufficient evidence to attribute population health changes causally to specific environmental policies. The study is a scoping review, reported according to PRISMA-ScR, of peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, combined with a trend analysis of secondary data on national health and environmental indicators. The study evaluates the influence of legislative frameworks including the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999, Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the Climate Change Act of 2016, the Water Act of 2016 and sectoral regulations on air quality, forestry, energy and waste management on epidemiologic trends and health equity in Kenya. The analysis is based on quantitative empirical data from different sources, showing a complex and uneven trajectory. There has been significant progress including the under-five mortality rate falling by 59% between 2000 and 2024 (from 95.2 to 38.8 deaths per 1,000 live births); HIV prevalence has declined from 8.7% in 2000 to 3.7% in 2022; and access to at least basic drinking water has risen from 45% in 2000 to 66% in 2024. But these gains are countered by ongoing environmental health burdens, with an estimated 21,500–26,300 deaths per year from household air pollution, 64% of the population without safely managed sanitation and climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria are re-emerging in highland areas. A structured comparison across domains shows that outcomes improved most where interventions were discrete commodities or services, led by a single agency, financed through ring-fenced (often external) funds and tracked by routine indicators (child survival, HIV and drinking water), and least where progress depended on coordinated multi-sector infrastructure, regulatory enforcement and household spending (sanitation and household and ambient air pollution). The paper identifies the institutional, administrative, financial and political drivers of implementation gaps, regional disparities in research and policy focus and the need for integrated “One Health” governance at counties and national level.