Earticle

초록

영어

The paper offers an in-depth landscape analysis of the impact of environmental policies on public health trajectories in Kenya (2000-2025). The analysis draws on the evidence of policy development, implementation, environmental exposures, and public health outcomes, and acknowledges that there is insufficient evidence to attribute population health changes causally to specific environmental policies. The study is a scoping review, reported according to PRISMA-ScR, of peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, combined with a trend analysis of secondary data on national health and environmental indicators. The study evaluates the influence of legislative frameworks including the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999, Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the Climate Change Act of 2016, the Water Act of 2016 and sectoral regulations on air quality, forestry, energy and waste management on epidemiologic trends and health equity in Kenya. The analysis is based on quantitative empirical data from different sources, showing a complex and uneven trajectory. There has been significant progress including the under-five mortality rate falling by 59% between 2000 and 2024 (from 95.2 to 38.8 deaths per 1,000 live births); HIV prevalence has declined from 8.7% in 2000 to 3.7% in 2022; and access to at least basic drinking water has risen from 45% in 2000 to 66% in 2024. But these gains are countered by ongoing environmental health burdens, with an estimated 21,500–26,300 deaths per year from household air pollution, 64% of the population without safely managed sanitation and climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria are re-emerging in highland areas. A structured comparison across domains shows that outcomes improved most where interventions were discrete commodities or services, led by a single agency, financed through ring-fenced (often external) funds and tracked by routine indicators (child survival, HIV and drinking water), and least where progress depended on coordinated multi-sector infrastructure, regulatory enforcement and household spending (sanitation and household and ambient air pollution). The paper identifies the institutional, administrative, financial and political drivers of implementation gaps, regional disparities in research and policy focus and the need for integrated “One Health” governance at counties and national level.

목차

Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Data Sources and Search Strategy
2.3. Data Extraction and Synthesis
2.4. Limitations
3. Landscape Analysis of Environmental Policy Evolution
3.1. Foundational Legislative Frameworks and the Constitutionalisation of Health
3.2. Sectoral Policy Instruments and Health Implications
4. Public Health Trajectories: 2000–2025
4.1. Overall Health Gains and Persistent Burdens
4.2. Air Quality and Respiratory Health
4.3. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
4.4. Climate-Sensitive Diseases
4.5. Chemical Exposures and Waste-Related Health Risks
5. Discussion
5.1. Policy-Health Linkages: Progress and Persistent Gaps
5.2. Explaining Divergent Trajectories: Why Some Outcomes Improved and Others Did Not
5.3. Why Implementation Varies: Institutional, Administrative, Financial and Political Drivers
5.4. Regional Disparities and Research Gaps
5.5. The 2010 Constitution as a Critical Juncture
5.6. Toward Integrated &quat;One Health&quat; Governance
5.7. Health Equity Dimensions
6. Emerging Trends and Actionable Recommendations
6.1. Strengthen enforcement and accountability
6.2. Finance sanitation and clean household energy
6.3. Improve environmental health monitoring and evaluation
6.4. Resource the climate– health agenda and research priorities
6.5. Institutionalise One Health governance
7. Conclusion
References

키워드

저자

• Ali Adan Ali [ Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya ] Corresponding Author

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  The Journal of Sciences and Innovation for Sustainable Peace(구 The journal of Hyojeong Academia)

• 간기

  반년간

• pISSN

  3140-1619

• 수록기간

  2023~2026

• 십진분류

  KDC 238 DDC 289