Earticle

This study aims to analyze the realization and non-realization of subject and object markers in the Korean dialogues of female marriage-based immigrants. The dialogues are from ‘a multi-culture conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law’ of EBS programme. The criteria of survey and analysis for use aspect of these case markers is composed by 3steps: synthesizing the former studies in according to the necessary and non-necessary realization conditions of subject and object markers, classifying them suitable for this study and applying the criterion to the dialogues of female marriage-based immigrants. As the result of examination on 19117 phases, 2,127 utterance units, there are 184 time of realization, 62time of natural non-realization and 114 time of ungrammatical non-realization in use of subject marker. The case of ungrammatical non-realization of subject marker appeared in conveying focus(84 time), contrast(27 time), making sentence with a predicate with many arguments(2 time) and using in the main sentence with a quotation. The ungrammatical non-realization of object maker found when it conveys focus(9 time) and contrast(5 time). Unusually, it did not show errors of over realization and substitution. Accordingly, female marriage-based immigrants commonly make errors on non-realization of subject and object markers. This reached awkward expression production and failure on meaning transmission occasionally. To this end, the realization and non-realization of case markers in oral language should be focused in Korean language education and researched the conditions of realization and non-realization of case markers.

With the mark of the fourth industrial revolution, the smart factory is evolving into a new future manufacturing plant. As a human-machine-interactive tool, augmented reality (AR) helps workers acquire the proficiency needed in smart factories. The valuable data displayed on the AR device must be delivered intuitively to users. Current AR applications used in smart factories lack user movement calibration, and visual fiducial markers for position correction are detected only nearby. This paper demonstrates a marker-based object detection using perspective projection to adjust augmented content while maintaining the user's original perspective with displacement. A new angle, location, and scaling values for the AR content can be calculated by comparing equivalent marker positions in two images. Two experiments were conducted to verify the implementation of the algorithm and its practicality in the smart factory. The markers were well-detected in both experiments, and the applicability in smart factories was verified by presenting appropriate displacement values for AR contents according to various movements.

This paper addresses the Korean plural suffix -tul which started out as a noun with the meaning of ‘others (of a similar kind)’ or ‘these (just listed)’ and grammaticalized into a bound plural suffix. One peculiarity in Present-Day Korean is that it became reanalyzed as a formant whose function is not merely a pluralizer but also a discourse marker signaling the speaker's attitudes. Its development presents a number of intriguing aspects of grammaticalization. It shows not only the traditional [lexical > grammatical] change but also [grammatical > discourse] change. It also exhibits ‘persistence’ in that its presence usually implies plurality of the sentential subject. Further, it strongly suggests that language users often use intercategorial analogy in grammaticalization, a point argued for in recent literature. This paper shows the intercategorial fluidity that lingers around the grammaticalizing form and intersubjectification that constantly pushes a form into the interpersonal domain.

We have carried out research on high-speed crowd simulation effects through marker-based multi-object augmentation as the basis for a crowd scene processing system that can produce natural movement of a crowd with less resources and operation. When applied to 3D AR images, this method is expected to achieve high efficiency with less mobile resources.

Objects in Korean can be either lul-marked or ø-marked in colloquial Korean; this does not mean that lul and ø are always interchangeable. It seems that the occurrence and non-occurrence of lul are rather systematic and predictable in colloquial Korean. Despite many studies on structural properties of lul, there have been very few studies discussing its occurrence and non-occurrence from a discourse perspective. This study examines from a discourse perspective when objects are overtly coded with lul and when they are not. It will argue that, among other potential factors, processing and discourse-pragmatic factors mainly influence the occurrence and non-occurrence of lul. Based on its occurrence and non-occurrence, the discourse-functional properties of lul are also captured. A transcript of an informal TV talk show was used for this study, and a total of 307 clauses containing an overt object were analyzed for the discussion of object markings

The purpose of this study is to explore various meanings of the Korean object particle eul/reul in perspective of general grammar description which has been regarded as highly effective in foreign language education due to its compact explanation about each grammatical items and to suggest grammatical syllabus of for eul/reul. This research tries to suggest procedural grammatical syllabus for Korean particle eul/reul that covers not only its typical meaning but its atypical meanings considering frequency, range, conceptual difficulty and usefulness. Suggested syllabus in this study can be applied to grammar description for foreign learners and its education. Also, it is expected that several particles having atypical meanings like eul/reul shall be able to get some references from the consequence of this study, as well.

Lee, Su-Ryn. 2009. A Study of Double-Object Marker in view of Reference point. Korean Semantics. 28. This thesis studies double object marker by focus transfer from reference point to target in view of cognitive linguistics. First, In case of same grammar domain double object marker occur focus chain, and they are divided synecdoche, metonymy, equal relation. A point of difference of metonymy and synecdoche relation, in case of synecdoche relation two nouns move with two unit. In case of Metonymy relation two nouns move with a unit. Otherwise A point of commonness of synecdoche and metonymy, two nouns have inclusion relation and they occur reducing focus transfer from whole to part. Second, Focus transfer occur focus transfer equally between object 1 and object 2. Third, ‘-를’ occur extended focus transfer between different grammatical domains.

It is a well-known linguistic fact that in general, only a subject can serve as an antecedent and a blocker in the case of Chinese monomorphemic reflexivization. Contrary to our expectation, a DP that follows the passive morpheme bei or the preverbal object marker, which is a non-subject, serves as an antecedent for the Chinese reflexive, even though not serving as a blocker for a higher antecedent. Sohng (2004a) shows that the blocking effect for the Chinese monomorphemic reflexive is accounted for in terms of LF Spec-head agreement that assigns and checks the φ-features of ziji. Based on LF head movement of a monomorphemic reflexive and checking of a [Refl] feature in Agr, the analysis put forward in this paper shows clearly that the unexpected non-subject antecedence on ziji is well explained in the split-I phrase structure originating with Pollock(1989) in terms of the Conditions on Subject Orientation and LF Spec-head agreement. Thus, the non-subject antecedence on ziji that this paper deals with provides firm support to the analysis given in this paper.

he Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 91~113. The aim of this study is to research the new function of Korean honorific prefinal ending ‘-si-’ by field survey as well as to emphasize the need to be discussed this circumstance in Korean education. The object of this study ‘-si-’ is the most representative Korean subject honorific marker. It had been only used to person, but is now also used for inanimate object. Especially, it could be found in luxury service industries such as hotel, department store, and restaurant. Therefore, this language variation can be connected with social class. In order to research the new feature of ‘-si-’, Labov(1966)’s methodology which is modified for this study was applied. Then, dialogues between employees and customers from the department store and local market were collected. In addition, this study surveyed to find out Korean native speakers’ awareness about new feature of ‘-si-’. Thus, this research has significance by finding the new features of ‘-si-’ through field surveys and questionnaires as well as making realistic mention about ‘-si-’ in Korean linguistics.

최근 HCI(Human Computer Interaction)의 한 분야인 증강현실은 크게 마커 기반과 비 마커기반으로 구분된다. 비 마커기반은 실세계 환경에서 자연적인 특징을 이용하여 객체를 증강한다. 반면, 마커기반은 사각형의 평면 마커를 이용하여 좌표를 쉽게 계산하고 객체를 정확하게 증강 시킨다. 그러나 마커기반은 제공되는 영상 안에 마커가 존재하기 때문에 비 마커기반 보다 사용자에게 주는 현실감 및 몰입감이 적다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 마커기반의 현실감 및 몰입감을 증대시키기 위해 감쇄 현실과 증강현실을 결합한 객체 제거 기법을 활용한 마커기반 증강현실 시스템 구조를 연구한다.

Recently, augmented reality is divided into broadly marker based and markerless based as part of HCI (Human Computer Interaction). Markerless based is augmented object using natural features in real-world environment. On the other hand, Marker based is use to calculate easily the coordinates and exactly augmented object using flat marker of rectangular. However, marker-based image is provided due to the presence of the marker in a markerless, giving users a more less realistic and immersive view. In this paper, We research about combined diminished reality and augmented reality for Marker-Based Augmented Reality System Structure using Object Removal Tchnique in order to increase realistic and immersive view.

This study analyzed the conditions required to create a valid ‘zhidao(知 道)+le(了)+O’ structure and the function of each component of the sentences created with the ‘zhidao(知道)+le(了)+O’ structure. For the ‘zhidao(知道)+le (了)+O’ structure to be valid, the following conditions should be met: first, there must be an auxiliary component when the object of ‘zhidao(知道)’ is a definite noun. Second, when the purpose of ‘zhidao(知道)’ is a full sentence, that sentence must be a correct sentence. Also, the ‘zhidao(知道)+le(了)+O’ structure is valid because ‘zhidao(知道)’ undergoes aspect combination with a preceding auxiliary component or object (if there is only one object in the sentence) to convert from an individual level state (ILS) verb to a situation type similar to an achievement verb. As ‘zhidao(知道)’ returns to a permanent state after an instant change, however, the perfective aspect function of ‘le(了)’ is considered different from the perfective aspect function it shows when combined with other ordinary verbs. The perfective aspect of ‘le(了)’ in the ‘zhidao(知道)+le(了)+O’ structure or after combination with an achievement verb such as ‘si(死)’ is a weakened aspect marker already much grammaticalized and may have developed the meaning of past tense or modality through the grammaticalization process.