Earticle

Methods for measuring surface roughness based on light reflectivity have advantages over methods based on light interference or diffraction, especially in in-situ, on-the-machine and in-process applications. However, measurement inconsistencies caused by changes in the specimen are still a drawback for field applications. In this study, we propose a new feedback-based algorithm to enhance the consistency against changes in the specimen. The algorithm is deduced from simulations based on light reflectance theory with typical modeled surfaces. The proposed method is similar to a digital controller and regulates the power of reflected light. Experiments varying heights and materials, verified the improvements in robustness of the method against measurement disturbances caused by specimen changes.

Aiming at the problem that the gradient-based edge detection operators are sensitive to the noise, causing the pseudo edges, a triqubit-state measurement-based edge detection algorithm is presented in this paper. Combing the image local and global structure information, the triqubit superposition states are used to represent the pixel features, so as to locate the image edge. Our algorithm consists of three steps. Firstly, the improved partial differential method is used to smooth the defect image. Secondly, the triqubit-state is characterized by three elements of the pixel saliency, edge statistical characteristics and gray scale contrast to achieve the defect image from the gray space to the quantum space mapping. Thirdly, the edge image is outputted according to the quantum measurement, local gradient maximization and neighborhood chain code searching. Compared with other methods, the simulation experiments indicate that our algorithm has less pseudo edges and higher edge detection accuracy.

TRISO (Tri-Isotropic)-coated fuel particle is widely applied due to its higher stability at high temperature and its efficient retention capability for fission products in the HTGR (high temperature gas-cooled reactor), one of the highly efficient Generation IV reactors. The typical ball-type TRISO-coated fuel particle with a diameter of about 1 mm is composed of a nuclear fuel particle as a kernel and of outer coating layers. The coating layers consist of a buffer PyC, inner PyC, SiC, and outer PyC layer. In this study, a digital image processing algorithm is proposed to automatically measure the thickness of the coating layers. An FBP (filtered backprojection) algorithm was applied to reconstruct the CT image using virtual X-ray radiographic images for a simulated TRISO-coated fuel particle. The automatic measurement algorithm was developed to measure the coating thickness for the reconstructed image with noises. The boundary lines were automatically detected, then the coating thickness was circularly by the algorithm. The simulation result showed that the measurement error rate was less than 1.4%.

Recently, many issues have arisen due to battery fires. In the Battery Management System (BMS), a system for protecting an existing battery, the voltage of the battery was measured by physically connecting each battery cell and the MCU. However, if a battery voltage operating at up to 1,000 volts incorrectly affects a control board operating at 5–24 V, the control part of BMS would fall into an inoperable state, and in severe cases, Stable BMS operation would be required to lead to a battery fire. Previous studies proposed and designed an indirect measurement technology that physically isolates the battery and control unit. The battery indirect measurement technology in previous studies confirmed that the battery cell monitoring value changed significantly according to changes in the external environment. Accordingly, in this paper, accurate measurement results even in changes in the external environment were studied on the environment.If an accurate value is not derived from the battery monitoring system, the battery may be overcharged or overdischarged during operation of the battery system, and thus the battery system may not ensure an accurate operation, causing a problem such as battery explosion. In addition, battery state data values, such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and the like, may cause malfunction of the battery system, causing confusion to the user. In this paper, the reference voltage Ref of the low drop out (LDO) is in the same circuit as the circuit that measures the existing battery cell voltage to move to change characteristics such as external environmental changes.A parallel compensation circuit was proposed to operate as an LED, an algorithm that could accurately read a battery cell voltage even in a change in an external environment was presented based on the circuit, and the algorithm was presented to have an accurate result, and a stable operation result was ensured with an error within 5 mV.

본 논문은 레이저 고도계와 초음파 거리계를 이용한 무인항공기의 지면고도측정에 대한 알고리즘에 대하여 제시하였다. 무인항공기의 저고도 거리 측정시에 사용하는 레이저 고도계와 초음파 거리계를 이용하여 간단한 지상시험을 하였고, 각 센서들의 특징을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 레이저 고도계의 단점을 확인하여 초음파 거리계로 보완하는 알고리즘을 설계하였고, 실험을 진행하였다. 레이저 고도계와 초음파 거리계는 칼만필터를 이용하여 약결합 방식으로 융합하였으며, 실험결과 레이저 고도계의 단점을 초음파 거리계로 보완하여 안정적인 고도값이 측정될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

This paper presents an algorithm concerning the ground altitude measurement using a laser altimeter and an ultrasonic rangefinder for UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). A simple ground test conducted using the laser altimeter and ultrasonic rangefinder that are used for conducting the low altitude measurement of UAV and identify the characteristics of each sensor. Especially, the disadvantages of the laser altimeter were checked through the ground test. After that who those are participated in this paper planned the algorithm which is complemented by the ultrasonic rangefinder and the experiment was conducted. The laser altimeter and the ultrasonic rangefinder were fused by a loosely coupled method by Kalman filter. The paper shows that stable value of altitude complemented by the ultrasonic rangefinder that covers the laser altimeter's drawbacks can be measured through the ground test.

The mechanical jointing method is very important in the machine parts and structure. They are used by the bolts and rivet because it is very convenient to replace the parts and the structure. However, the mechanical jointing methods using the bolt and rivet needed the open hole. The machine parts life cycle is reduced because this open hole created the stress concentration. Therefore, the measurement methods are needed to evaluate phenomenon of the stress concentration. This paper discusses the development of the measurement algorithm using the digital image correlation methods to measure the strain distribution of the open hole. To implement the measurement algorithm using the DIC, the LabVIEW 2010 programming tool was used. To measure the strain distribution of the open hole, the tensile specimens having an open hole are made by using the aluminum 6061-T6. To secure the reliability of measurement result using the DIC, the DIC measurement results and FEM analysis results were compared.

The measuring of internal defects of objects using the shearography has many advantages. It is a non-contact and non-destructive method and It has a real time measurement speed and no constraints of object shape. Compared to ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry), Shearography has a very low error rate by vibration and air turbulence. So shearography provides possibilities of industrial application. In this paper, Image processing algorithm that is measurement of out-of-plane deformation using the shearography is proposed by developed using the LabVIEW 2010 and measurement result of out-of-plane ESPI and Shearography are compared quantitatively.

오늘날에는 기후, 전파천문, 고성능 컴퓨팅 자원 공동 활용 등의 첨단 기술을 요구하는 그룹별 연구 활동이 강화되고 있다. 이에 따라 이와 같은 오늘날의 첨단 응용 연구를 뒷받침하기 위해 첨단 연구망 역시 첨단 응용연구를 위한 수단 으로서 점차적으로 자리매김하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 추세를 반영해서 첨단 연구망 네트워크의 관리적 측면 역시 집중 적으로 조명되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 그렇기 때문에, 본 논문에서는 제시하고자 하는 가장 큰 맥락에서의 목표가 ‘여러 첨단 응용 연구의 도구적 수단으로서의 네트워크를 안정적으로 관리할 수 있도록 하는 연구’이다.

Today, group research efforts are increasing for cutting edge technologies related to climate, radio astronomy, co -utilization of high performance computing resources and more. Accordingly, networks for cutting-edge researches a re also regarded as means for cutting-edge researches nowadays. Therefore, it is necessary for administrating cutti ng-edge network to be considered, reflecting such a current trend. In this sense, 'Research which can help to admin istrate the networks which are usually used as means for a lot researches' was set as a goal of this paper.

In this paper, we studied a vibration problem that is critical and common to most precision measurement systems. For micro mechanical part measurements, results obtained from the vision-based precision measurement system may contain errors due to the vibration. In order to defeat this generic problem, for the current study, a PC based image processing technique was used first, to assess the effect of the vibration to the precision measurement and second, to develop an in-situ calibration algorithm that automatically compensate the measurement results in real time. We used a set of stereoscopic CCD cameras to acquire the images for the dimensional measurement and the reference measurement. The mapping function was obtained through the in-situ calibration to compensate the measurement results and the statistical analysis for the actual results is provided in the paper. Based on the current statistical study, it is expected to obtain high precision results for the micro measurement systems.

최근 초소형 생체신호를 측정할 수 있는 스마트 워치 등의 장비들이 출시됨에 따라, 체성분, 혈압, 심박동수, 산소포화도 등 다양한 정보를 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 사용자에게 신뢰를 얻지 못하는 부분이 바로 정확성이다. 이러 한 생체신호는 외부 환경에 대해 민감하며, 대상자 신체 내부의 조건에 따라 변동값이 크다. 특히 혈압 측정은 아직 신체 내부의 조건들의 처리에 따라 결과값이 다르다. 따라서 실험에서는 PPG 알고리즘에서 혈관 상태를 정의하는 인자 를 특정값으로 처리하고 PPG를 분석하였으며, PTT 측정에 있어서 최고점 80%, 100%의 두 지점 PTT 측정값이 SBP 와 DBP에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 정확도를 높이기 위한 방안 중 하나를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과 PPG 최고점 80%에서 측정값 PTT값이 100%에서 측정한 값보다 SBP, DBP 혈압추정에 효과적이며, 변화율 혈압추정의 회 귀분석에서 SBP(80%)의 결정계수가 0.6946, DBP(100%)는 0.547로 나타났다. 결론적으로 ECG와 PPG를 통해 PTT 를 측정할 경우 PPG 80% 지점의 측정값이 혈압추정의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있다.

Recently, devices such as smart watches capable of measuring small biosignals have been released. Body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation can be easily obtained. However, the part that is not trusted by the user is accuracy. These biosignals are sensitive to the external environment and have large fluctuations depending on the conditions inside the subject's body. Blood pressure measurements, in particular, still give different results, depending on how the conditions in the body are handled. Therefore, in this study, PPG was analyzed to measure PTT at two points of 80% and 100%, the highest in PTT measurement. The effect of the measured value on SBP and DBP was analyzed and a method was proposed to increase the accuracy. As a result of the study, the measured value of PTT at 80% of the peak PPG is more effective in estimating blood pressure of SBP and DBP than the value measured at 100%. In the regression analysis of the rate of change blood pressure estimation, the coefficient of determination of SBP (80%) was 0.6946, and DBP (100%) was 0.547.

Purpose: This study intended to propose an expert system for diagnosing fatty liver. Methods: 20 image samples taken from four ultrasonic equipments in Seoul·Incheon Medical Examination Center between Jan. 4, 2016 and Oct. 15, 2016, were selected as the objects of the study. For each image sample, the interested area of hepatic parenchyma in 2nd zone of right subcostal scans were measured three times. The regions of hepatic parenchyma and renal parenchyma in right subcostal longitudinal scanning were measured in the same way in which, the digitized RGB average image from B-mode through measuring with Caleb program algorithm was analyzed. Result: The analyzed result showed that in multiple logistic regression analysis(p<0.05), the average brightness ratio of hepatic and renal parenchyma’s echo was 4.25 times higher in mild, 6.05 times higher in moderate, and 7.67 times higher in severe degree than the one of normality. It indicates a meaningful value that shows more fatty liver results in greater gap between the brightness ratios of hepatic and renal parenchyma. Conclusions: Visual analogue fatty liver scale is expected to serve as a supplementary indicator to objectively diagnose fatty liver.

본 연구에서는 GCOM-W1 위성에 탑재된 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) 센서의 토양수분 자료를 Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) 알고리즘을 통해 전처리하여 2014년도 한반도 지점관측 자료와의 비교 분석을 수행, 위성 토양수분 자료의 적합성을 평가하였다. 통계 분석 결과 AMSR2 X-band의 토양수분 자료는 38개의 지점관측 자료와 비교해 0.03의 평균 bias, 0.16의 평균 RMSE의 낮은 오차 수준을 보였으며, 최대상관계수는 0.67로 나타났다. 또한 AMSR2 센서의 ascending, descending 시간대별 위성 토양수분자료 분석과 X, C1, C2-band의 주파수 영역별 위성 토양수분 자료 분석 결과, ascending overpass time 시간대와, X-band 주파수의 토양수분자료가 지점 관측 자료와 더 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 한반도에서 최근 문제가 되고 있는 가뭄을 비롯한 각종 재해 분석 시 토양수분의 공간적 분포를 연구하는데 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims at assessing the quality of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) soil moisture products onboard GCOM-W1 satellite based on Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) soil moisture retrieval algorithm with field measurements in South Korea from March to September, 2014. Results of mean bias and root mean square error between AMSR2 LPRM soil moisture products (X-band) and ground measurements showed reasonable value of 0.03 and 0.16. Also, the maximum of the Pearson correlation coefficients was 0.67, which showed good agreement in terms of temporal variability with ground measurements. By comparing AMSR2 soil moisture with in-situ measurement according to the overpass time and band frequency, X-band products on the ascending time outperformed than those of C1-band and C2-band. Furthermore, this study offers an insight into the applicability of the AMSR2 soil moisture products for monitoring various natural disasters at a large scale such as drought and flood.

구간통행속도는 도로의 교통상황을 나타내는 중요한 지표이며, UTIS(Urban Traffic Information System)는 도로의 구간통행속도를 측정하여 제공하는 대표적인 구간속도 측정시스템이다. 시험운영 결과, 프로브 차량의 불규칙한 주행궤적, 무선통신 장치의 통신범위 등의 요인으로 UTIS 산출 속도의 신뢰도가 저하되는 현상이 일부 나타나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 오차를 줄이기 위해 UTIS에 포함된 이상치를 제거하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 적용하여 현장실험을 실시한 결과 새로운 이상치 제거 알고리즘이 속도 측정값들 오차백분율의 분산을 기존 알고리즘보다 2배이상 줄여주는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 새로운 알고리즘이 이상치를 적절히 처리하여 구간통행속도 산출 정확도를 높여줌을 나타낸다.

Travel speed is an important parameter in measurement of road traffic. UTIS(Urban Traffic Information System) was developed as a type of section detector. However, UTIS incur errors caused by irregular vehicle trajectories, wireless communication range and so on. This paper suggests a new model that use an error-filtering algorithm to improve the accuracy of travel speed measurements. In the field test, the variance of the percent errors measured by the new model was reduced. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed model significantly improves travel speed measuring accuracy.

나눗셈 맥락에는 크게 포함제 맥락과 등분제 맥락이 있다. 아동들은 학습을 통하여 포함제 맥락과 등분제 맥락에서 자연수 나눗셈 세로 형식 계산법의 원리를 점진적으로 이해해 갈 것으로 기대된다. 수학 교과서와 교사용 지도서는 아동들의 자연수 나눗셈 계산법의 종합적 이해를 지원할 수 있도록 구성되는 것이 바람직하다. 2007 교육과정에 따른 교과서와 교사용 지도서의 자연수 나눗셈 관련 내용을 분석한 결과, 교과서와 교사용 지도서는 편의적으로 포함제 맥락과 등분제 맥락을 사용하고 있었다. 이와 같은 편의적인 사용은 포함제와 등분제 맥락에서 자연수 나눗셈 계산법의 종합적 이해를 어렵게 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 교과서와 지도서 분석 결과를 바탕으로 포함제와 등분제 맥락에서 자연수 나눗셈 계산법의 종합적 이해를 도모하는 데 필요한 제언을 제시하였다.

There are two concepts of division: measurement division and partitive or fair-sharing division. Students are expected to understand comprehensively division algorithm in both contexts. Contents of textbooks and teachers' guidebooks should be suitable for helping students develop comprehensive understanding of algorithm for whole-number division in both contexts. The results of the analysis of textbooks and teachers' guidebooks shows that they fail to connect two division contexts with division algorithm comprehensively. Their expedient and improper use of two division contexts would keep students from developing comprehensive understanding of algorithm for whole-number division. Based on the results of analysis, some ways of improving textbooks and teachers' guidebooks are suggested.

We propose the separation algorithm to simultaneously measure two-dimensional refractive index distribution and thickness profile of transparent samples using three wavelengths. The optical system was based on the Mach-zehnder interferometer with LD (Laser Diode)-based multi-wavelength sources. A LCR (Liquid Crystal Retarder) was used to obtain interference images at four phase states and then the optical phase of the object is calculated by four-bucket algorithm. Experimental results with a glass rod are provided at the different wavelengths of 635nm, 660nm and 675nm. The refractive indices of the sample are distributed with accuracy of less than 0.0005 and the thickness profile of sample was cylindrical type. This result demonstrates that it is possible to separate refractive index distribution and thickness profile of samples in two dimensions using the proposed algorithm.

CNG 차량의 경우 압력센서를 이용하여 CNG의 양을 계측하고 있다. 그러나 주변 환경 조건에 따라 정확한 양을 파악하는데 어려움이 있어 운전자에게 불안감을 조성하게 된다. 본 연구는 CNG 연료 시스템에서 CNG의 양을 정밀하게 측정하기 위한 기초 연구로써 CNG 연료량 검출 시스템을 모사하여 측정방법을 제시하고자 한다. 실험은 Type-3의 CNG 탱크에 초음파 센서를 적용한 연료량 검출 모사장치 구현하였다. 그리고 내부의 압력은 압축공기를 이용하여 100 bar 에서 0 bar 까지 5 bar 단위로 저감시키면서 초음파 센서의 수신 신호를 검증하였다. 그 결과 탱크 내 압력이 감소함에 따라 초음 파 센서의 출력 신호가 감쇠하는 것을 알 수 있었고, 다소 차이는 있었지만 선형성을 띄고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The amount of CNG was measured using a pressure sensor in the case of CNG vehicles. However, the current measurement method causes anxiety to the driver because it is difficult to measure the detailed amount of CNG according to various environmental conditions. This study was performed to measure the amount of CNG in CNG fuel system, and presented the method of measurement by simulating the detection system of CNG. In this experiment, a detection simulator with an ultrasonic sensor in CNG tank of Type-3 was designed, and the reception signal of the ultrasonic sensor was verified by reducing the pressure from 100 bars to 0 bars (increment=5 bars) using compressed air. As a result, the output signal voltage of the ultrasonic sensor decreased as the pressure in the tank decreased, and the it was verified that the shape of the graph was linearity.

The light pattern reflected from a machined surface contains some information like roughness and profile on the projected surface as expected in the Beckmann-Spizzichino model. In applying the theory into a real reliable measuring device, many parameters such as incident light power, wave length, spot size should be kept a constant optical value. However, the reflected light power is likely to change with the environmental noise, the variations of the light source, the reflectivity of the surface, etc. even though the incident light power is constant. In this study, a method for adjusting the incident light power to keep the reflected light power projected on a CMOS image sensor constant was proposed and a simple adjustment algorithm based on PI digital control was examined. Experiments verified that the proposed method made the surface roughness measurement better and more reliable even under variations of the height of light source.

정확한 토크 체결력을 제공하기 위하여 토크 측정기는 최소자승이 적용된 커브피팅 알고리즘을 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 보정 최소자승 커브피팅 알고리즘은 토크 정밀 측정을 사용하는 다양한 산업분야에서 볼트와 너트에 향상된 체결력을 제공할 수 있다. 먼저, 제안한 알고리즘에 대한 수학적 모델을 소개하고, 제안한 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션하여 기존 알고리즘과 그 결과를 비교하 였다. 보정된 최소자승 알고리즘은 기존의 토크 측정에 사용되었던 알고리즘보다 낮은 표준 오차 값을 보임으로써 제안한 보정된 최소자승 알고리즘의 성능의 정확성을 증명한다. 따라서, 본 알고리즘을 토크 계측에 적용함으로써 정밀 산업기계 및 전자부품 그리 고 기타 항공기, 우주선등 나사의 조임 체결력이 적용되는 산업분야에 적용함으로써 비용 및 안전성 향상에 기여될 것을 예상한다.

In order to serve the exact torque clamping force, the torque measurement system use the curve fitting algorithm by the least square. The corrected least square curve fitting algorithm which suggested in this paper can surpport more exact clamping force for fastner in variable industry field using the torque. At first, This paper introduces mathematical modeling for curve fitting algorithm, and simulate it. As a result, the corrected least square algorithm have shown lower standard error value than that of the used algoritm with torque, and so this corrected least square algorithm prove high accuracy than nomal least square algorithm. The suggested algorithm will contribute to improvement of cost and safety on industry field with bolt clamping force for precision industry parts, electronics parts, aircraft, aerospace, etc