Earticle

본 논문은 지역사회개발에 대한 이론적 유형 고찰을 통해 지역사회개발에 대한 절충적 접근법을 도출한 후, 국제개발협력 지역개발분야에의 적용방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 지역사회개발은 기술지원적 접근법과 자조적 접근법으로 구분할 수 있다. 기술지원적 접근법은 전반적으로 지역사회의 사회 구조적 측면과 기반시설 확충에 중점을 두는 반면, 자조적 접근법은 지역사회 공동의 목표를 달성하기 위해 집합적인 행동을 취하는 데 기반이 되는 사회적 관계 및 역량 강화를 강조한다. 그러나 이 두 가지 접근법은 개발도상국과 같은 낙후지역에 그대로 실행되기에는 실효성에 대한 문제가 제기되어왔다. 기술지원적 접근의 경우 민주적 절차성과 지역사회개발역량 강화라는 근본적인 지역사회개발의 목적을 달성하지 못한다. 자조적 접근의 경우 지역의 낙후된 물리적 환경에 대한 개선이 선행되지 않은 역량강화는 효과성을 가지기 어렵다. 이에 따라 본고는 순차적 적용과 연속성이라는 두 가지 개념을 활용하여 두 가지 접근법 간 절충적 접근법을 도출한 후, 국제개발협력의 지역개발 프로그램을 실행함에 있어 수원주체와 공여주체가 동시에 프로그램 진행 상태를 평가한 결과를 기반으로 절충적 접근법을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 방안을 제시한다. 이를 통해 본고는 지역사회개발학에서 절충적이고 보완적인 접근법 도출이라는 논의주제를 심화시키는 이론적 기여를 제공한다. 동시에 우리나라 국제개발협력 지역사회개발분야의 평가틀 정교화를 통한 실효성 제고에도 기여한다. 결론부분에서는 갈등기반적 접근을 포함한 연구의 한계점 및 후속연구 제안을 논하였다.

This study aims 1) to draw a mid-point approach between the self-help approach and the technical assistance approach in community development, and 2) to provide implications for applying the mid-point approach in community development projects conducted under the Korean international development endeavors. The Korean international development literature has little examined theoretical approaches to rural development. In general, the technical assistance approach focuses on structural and infrastructure development whereas the self-help approach focuses on enhancing social relations among community members, as a basis for a long-term community development. These approaches have had operational problems, particularly in effectiveness of development interventions. The technical assistance approach has been criticized for ignoring capacity building of communities, including the establishment of democratic processes of development, thereby impeding community sustainable development. On the other hand, the self-help approach in general requires considerable time and resources to demonstrate its effectiveness, because of its focus on capacity building rather than physical environment improvement. Considering the sharp contrast between the two approaches in terms of initiatives, scholars of community development have recently called for identifying a mid-point approach to community development. This study suggests a type of the mid-point approach by examining theories of community development. Then, it proposes the ways to apply the approach to the community development projects conducted under the Korean international development endeavors.

본 논문에서는 상보 쿼드트리에 기반한 새로운 이전 영상의 preorder tree traversal 코딩 방법인 Compact Complementary Quadtree(CCQ)를 제안한다. 제안한 방 법에서는 쿼드트리 내의 마디를 표시하기 위해서 G, B, W,의 심볼을 사용하는 대신에 9개의 형태부호(type code)를 이용한다. 실험을 통해서 CCQ가 DF-expression 방법보 다 압축 효율이 뛰어남을 확인할 수 있다. 제안한 방법은 line drawings, 지리 정보 영상, 그리고 그레이 레벨 영상의 이진화 영상의 계층 구조화와 전송에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다.

In this paper, we propose a new preorder tree method for binary images, named the Compact Complementary Quadtree (CCQ). In the proposed method we use type codes for representing nodes in the quadtree instead of using the symbols G, B, and W. From the experimental results, we have confirmed that the CCQ has a higher compression ratio than of the DF-expression. CCQ can be effectively applied to progressive transmission of binary images such as line drawings, geographical maps, and halftones.

Background: Due to the variety of etiological factors in chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is significant variability in functional measurements. Objects: This study aimed to determine if using metrics in addition to inferential statistics could change how the impact of poor prognosis risk for pain among volunteers with CLBP is interpreted. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 74 adult volunteers were allocated to four groups: a pain-free control group (CG) and three CLBP groups stratified by the STarT Back Screening Tool into low (LR), medium (MR) and high risk (HR). Spatiotemporal gait parameters outcomes were self-selected walking speed (SWS), optimum walking speed (OWS) and the locomotor rehabilitation index (LRI). Data were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model. Reproducibility, responsiveness (minimum detectable change [MDC]) and effect sizes were also computed. Results: No differences were found for OWS. SWS and LRI were significantly higher in CG than in all CLBP groups, but observed differences did not exceed MDC, indicating they are likely to reflect measurement error. Nevertheless, large effect sizes suggest these reductions in SWS and LRI are clinically meaningful. Comparisons among the LR, MR, and HR groups revealed no significant differences or meaningful effect sizes. Conclusion: Combining complementary metrics with inferential statistics confirms that individuals with CLBP walk more slowly and exhibit lower LRI than pain-free controls, while prognostic risk strata do not influence these spatiotemporal gait parameters.

Purpose: Perceptions of nurses regarding complementary and alternative therapies(CATs) acceptance illustrate how CATs can be applied in nursing practice and become the empirical basis for the expansion of nursing role. Purpose is to identify nurses’ perception of CATs acceptance. Methods: A Q-methodological study, which allows for analysis of subjectivity of data, was used. A convenience P-sample was consisted of 36 nurses. Twenty-seven Q-statements were derived from a literature review and interviews with six nurses, and were then categorized on a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program. Results: Three types of perception regarding acceptance of CATs were identified among nurses. Type I was called the “cautious type”; Type II, the “positive acceptance type”; and Type III, the “considering reality type.” Conclusion: Along with further exploration of the scientific evidence of CATs, adequate nursing education, and finding ways to overcome the obstacles needed for acceptance of effective and empirically tested CATs into a nursing practice, the results of this study may help promoting application of CATs as a nursing practice.

Water-soluble crude polysaccharide (TM-1) prepared from the leaves of Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum was fractionated into three polysaccharide fractions, TM-2, TM-3 and TM-4 by the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The major polysaccharide fraction, TM-2, consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, and all fractions contained galactose and glutose as the major neutral sugars. TM-4 showed the highest anti-complementary activity. When TM-4 was futher fractionated by anion exchange chromatography, TM4- II a and TM4-II b showed the most Potent anti-complementary activity. TM4- II a was composed mainly of galactose, arabinose and glucose in the molar ratios of 2.13 : 0.94 : 1.00 respectively, and contained a small amount of galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid.

This paper examines the use of paradigms, particularly through the work of Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand and the theoretical framework on paradigm by Giorgio Agamben. Architectural types often serve as abstract, adaptable structures that guide design, while examples are viewed as specific instances without any respect to overall context/structure. However, this study argues that paradigms serve as a complementary concept to types and examples, with types providing continuity and structure, while paradigms introduce specificity and adaptability within the typal framework. Durand's systematic methodology and typal plates illustrate a "constellation of knowledge" in which paradigms are not isolated but interact with types to form a coherent intellectual framework while maintaining its specificity. Agamben's concept of paradigms as "dual specificity models"-grounded in both universality and particularity-further supports this argument by emphasizing how paradigmatic examples can both respond to unique contexts and transcend them. By analyzing Durand's theory on architecture, this paper highlights the nuanced interaction between types and paradigms.

The edible part of cucurbita moschata Duch, which is commonly used as a Korean traditional medicine as well as a popular food source, was studied to isolate anti-complementary substance. Extracts of Cucurbita moschata Duch showed significant anti-complementary activities on the classical pathway of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the green one in terms of the overall anti-complementary activity. Among the extracts of various organic solvents of the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch, chloroform and ethyl-acetate extracts, which are non-polar solvent extracts, showed the strongest activities. These results suggest that the major difference in the solvent extraction for the anti-complementary substances depends on the change in the chemical composition such as the fatty acid with the degree of ripening.

Purpose This study aims to describe the research characteristics and analyze the methodological quality of randomized clinical trials on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Methods A total of 76 studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CAM (16 by Koreans, 60 by internationals) published in the 6 years from 2000 to 2005 were reviewed systematically and analyzed with assessment criteria developed by the researchers on the basis of Jadad guidelines. Results Most of the studies were carried out in the area of medicine, nursing and CAM. More than 80% of the study subjects were patients. CAM modalities for independent variables were mainly on energy medicine, mind-body medicine and manipulative and body-based practices, while dependent variables were mostly physiological and psychological indexes. Most of the studies utilized randomization (93.4%) and identified the dropout rate (90.8%), whereas allocation concealment (49.3%) and double-blinding (18.9%) were specified in a small number of studies. The overall quality of RCTs based on the assessment criteria of this study was satisfactory. However, the quality score of the Korean studies (2.87) was lower than that of the international studies (3.37). Conclusion The methodological objectivity of CAM studies has been improving in spite of controversy over the scientific bases of CAM. More Korean studies with rigorous experimental design are needed to build up the evidence-based practice of CAM.

Purpose: This study investigated the associations of psychological insulin resistance (PIR), diabetes- related stress, and intention to use complementary and alternative diets (CAD) with self-management in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 180 adults aged ≥65 with type 2 diabetes at a primary clinic in Korea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires between March and June, 2024. SPSS was used for descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of participants was 73.79±5.59 years. PIR (mean, 57.54±8.81), diabetes-related stress (mean, 41.62±7.65), intention to use CAD (mean, 3.56±1.32), and self-management (mean, 38.11±5.98) were measured. The PIR was positively correlated with self-management (r=.31, p<.001), whereas diabetes-related stress was negatively correlated with self-management (r=-.24, p<.001). PIR (β=.47, p<.001) and diabetes-related stress (β=-.41, p<.001) were significant predictors of self-management (R2=24.6%). Conclusion: PIR positively correlated with self-management and was the most influential factor, suggesting that resistance to insulin treatment may paradoxically motivate individuals to engage in better self-management behaviors. Intention to use CAD was weakly positively correlated with PIR, indicating that individuals with higher insulin resistance may explore alternative dietary options. Diabetes-related stress negatively affects self-management, highlighting the importance of stress management for improving diabetes self-management. These findings highlight the significance of psychological factors in the development of tailored self-management education programs for older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the performance of early warning scoring systems regarding adverse events of unanticipated clinical deterioration in complementary and alternative medicine hospitals. Methods: A medical record review of 500 patients from 5-year patient data in two traditional Korean medicine hospitals was conducted. Unanticipated clinical deterioration events included unexpected in-hospital mortality, cardiac arrest, and unplanned transfers to acute-care conventional medicine hospitals. Scores of the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), and National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) were calculated. Their performance was evaluated by calculating areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the event occurrence. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with event occurrence. Results: The incidence of unanticipated clinical deterioration events was 1.1% (225/21101). The area under the curve of MEWS, NEWS, and NEWS2 was .68, .72, and .72 at 24 hours before the events, respectively. NEWS and NEWS2, with almost the same performance, were superior to MEWS (p ¼ .009). After adjusting for other variables, patients at low-medium risk (OR ¼ 3.28; 95% CI ¼ 1.02e10.55) and those at medium and high risk (OR ¼ 25.03; 95% CI ¼ 2.78e225.46) on NEWS2 scores were more likely to experience unanticipated clinical deterioration than those at low risk. Other factors associated with the event occurrence included frailty risk scores, clinical worry scores, primary medical diagnosis, prescribed medicine administration, acupuncture treatment, and clinical department. Conclusions: The three early warning scores demonstrated moderate-to-fair performance for clinical deterioration events. NEWS2 can be used for early identification of patients at high risk of deterioration in complementary and alternative medicine hospitals. Additionally, patient, care, and system factors need to be considered to improve patient safety.

본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다: 1) 돼지에서 150-kDa ternary insulin-like growth factor(IGF) complex의 한 구성 요소인 acid-labile subunit (ALS) 유전자 intron의 존재 확인·cloning 및 돼지 ALS(porcine ALS; pALS) complementary DNA(cDNA)의 3' 비해독(untranslated) 부위(3' UT) 증폭·cloning, 2) intron-spanning primer pair를 이용한 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) 방법에 의한 돼지 조직에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 분포 확인 및 3) 돼지 hepatocyte에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 여부 확인. 돼지 genomic DNA를 template로 하여 PCR 방법으로 예상되는 intron 부위를 증폭하고 plasmid vector에 삽입하여 염기서열을 결정한 결과 타 종의 ALS 유전자에서와 같은 위치에 1,371-base pair(bp)의 pALS intron이 존재함을 확인하였다. 역시 본 연구에서 간에서 추출한 RNA를 주형으로 시작하여 3' rapid amplification of cDNA end(3' RACE) 방법으로 147-bp의 3' UT를 합성하고 그 염기서열을 결정하였다. RT- PCR 결과 간은 물론 조사된 모든 돼지의 내장기관(신장, 폐, 비장)과 자성 생식기관(난소, 난관, 자궁) 및 골격근육에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 밝혀졌다. 또한 돼지 간 조직에 대한 in-situ hybridization 결과 hepatocyte에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과는 ALS가 혈중 IGF의 저장/조절체로서의 주기능 외에 모세혈관 밖에서도 미지의 기능이 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

The aims of this study were as follows: 1) identification and cloning of an intron of the gene coding for porcine acid-labile subunit(pALS), a component of the 150-kDa ternary insulin-like growth factor(IGF) complex, and amplification and cloning of 3' untranslated region(3' UT) of pALS complementary DNA, 2) identification of pALS gene expression in porcine tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using an intron-spanning primer pair and 3) identification of ALS gene expression in porcine hepatocytes. Following nucleotide sequencing after amplification of pALS gene by PCR using genomic DNA as template with a primer pair spanning the expected intron region and insertion of the PCR product into a plasmid vector, a 1,371-base pair(bp) intron of pALS gene has been identified at a site of pALS gene identical to those of other ALS genes of known species. Also identified and sequenced in the present study was a 147-bp 3' UT following 3' rapid amplification of cDNA end(3' RACE) using RNA isolated from the liver as starting template. Results of the RT-PCR have exhibited that pALS gene is expressed not only in the liver but in other internal organs(kidney, lung, spleen), female reproductive organs(ovary, oviduct, uterus) and skeletal muscle. Moreover, in the liver, the ALS gene was found to be expressed in hepatoctytes by in-situ hybridization. These results suggest a possibility that in addition to the known major role as plasma IGF reservoir/regulator, ALS may also have unknown role(s) in the extra-vascular space.

이 논문은 소방안전관리자의 교육시스템의 실태를 진단하여 보완적 방안으로서 폐기학습 이론의적용가능성을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 폐기학습 이론을 소방안전관리자의 교육시스템에적용하여 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 폐기학습 이론의 활동적 타성, 오래된 지식포기, 선택적 지각이추출되었으며 이를 소방안전관리자 교육시스템에 적용한 결과는 다음과 같다; 선임자격에 있어서교육수료 후 시험을 모두 보는 방안 마련, 실무교육주기를 확대하는 방안, 강습교과목의 실무위주로의 개편, 교육운영과 시험운영의 합리적 대안 마련 등이 요구되었다. 본 연구는 폐기학습 이론의관점이나 접근방법 등이 소방안전관리자의 교육시스템을 보완하거나 변경시킬 수 있다는 결론을내려, 향후에 폐기학습 이론이 소방안전관리자 교육시스템에 도입될 필요가 있다고 주장하는 바이다.

This paper aims to explore the feasibility of unlearning theory as a complementary way to diagnose the current status of the educational system for fire safety managers in Korea. Unlearning theory was applied to the education system of fire safety education administrators, which revealed active inertia of the theory of unlearning, abandonment of old knowledge and selective perception. The application of these factors to the fire safety system administrator training suggested the followings; requiring reasonable qualifications for seniors such as restructuring, training, operating and testing of the main operations, improving the curriculum emphasizing practical courses, and administering post-training tests.

Despite the importance of knowledge complementarities (KC) to firm performance, very little is known about exactly what constitutes KC and how synergistic knowledge is created in KC. This research looks into the dimensionality of KC and how synergistic knowledge as an essential component of KC is generated in a process innovation (PI) project. We propose that KC consists of potential complementary knowledge, collaborative elaboration (CE) process, and synergistic knowledge. The model is investigated quantitatively, using a sample of 26 matched-pairs of client and consultant who participated in a PI project, and then qualitatively using interviews of a sub-sample of 7 matched-pairs of client and consultant. Data were collected in a longitudinal way at four different points during the four month project period. Results show that consultant’s learning about the client’s business occurs first and then client learning about IT capabilities follows through CE. With this enhanced clients’ knowledge about IT capabilities, clients play an initiative role in designing the To-Be business processes, while consultants play a supporting role by introducing best practices or making suggestions based on their experiences. Future research implications as well as practical implications are also discussed.

IEC 60079-10-1 edition 2.0, the global standard for hazardous area classification, was newly revised in 2015. There are many differences compared to the previous edition 1.0 version, first released in 2008, so it has caused confusion in the industry. In case of edition 1.0, the hazardous area extent can be derived through the mathematical formula, but in case of edition 2.0, there was the problem that the exact hazardous area extent was not known because of the mathematical formula of the plot for applying the hazardous area extent was not presented. In this study, we converted the plot introduced in edition 2.0 to CAD format and derived the plot as the mathematical equations. Through this, we suggest the hazardous area extent formula of three states (heavy gas, diffusive, jet). As the IEC committee did not provide the mathematical formula of the hazardous area extent according to the release characteristic, it is impossible to apply the exact hazardous area extent. In this study, a mathematical approach was derived for the plot introduced in edition 2.0, which can reduce the confusion of the applying hazardous area extent.

In nursing, complementary and alternative therapies (CATs) can be pro-vided alongside, or as alternatives, to conventional medical treatments to maximize therapeutic effects, accelerate rehabilitation, and enhance patient satisfaction. Fostering the correct knowledge and attitudes to-ward CATs is crucial not only for theoretical development but also for practical application. To gain a comprehensive understanding of recent domestic research trends, this study conducted an integrative review to analyze different types of CAT-related intervention studies in rehabili-tation nursing in South Korea. A literature search of relevant databases suggested 14 papers. The review revealed that most studies focused on older adult patients, with manipulative and body-based therapies being the most common CAT interventions, followed by energy therapies, mind-body therapies, and others. The efficacy analysis of the CATs used in the selected studies indicated that their effects varied depending on participant characteristics and outcome measures, even when the same CAT was employed. To advance the field of rehabilitation nursing, effec-tive CATs that are proven to be safe for older adult patients need to be developed and actively utilized. Additionally, specialized nurse training programs and clinical and community-based applications for rehabilita-tion patients requiring interventions need to be developed.

The rapid growth of sharing economy presents opportunities to grow the tourism economy by allowing to rent one’s residence to short-stay visitors and to provide private transportation services in a personal vehicle, but also poses challenges for established industries. Using more than 2 million Airbnb reviews covering 25 metropolitan areas in the United States, this study delves into whether and how home-sharing, Airbnb, and ride-sharing, Uber, influence employment in tourism industries for the period of 2005-2016. For identification, we exploit instrument variables for Airbnb usage, as well as a natural experiment setting using the Uber’s staggered entry into US cities as exogenous shocks. Our findings demonstrate that the number of Airbnb reviews is associated with the increase in local employment of tourism industries, though this impact is driven mainly by the increase in employment of food/beverage industries (restaurants and bars). Importantly, in low accessibility neighborhoods which are underserved by public transits, we find that Airbnb seems to have a spillover effect on local employment in food/beverage industries only when ride-sharing services are available. This study sheds new light on the potential of sharing economy to promote thriving and sustainable tourism sectors that generate significant economic and social benefits.

This essay provides a substantive study of the faith-based racial conflict resolution by analyzing and evaluating the role of religious ritual to resolve racial conflicts in dealing with ethical values. It also offers a new, religiously sensitive approach to social justice and reconciliation. As this essay argues, religious ritual offers important resources for conceptualizing peacemaking processes and identity-based conflicts in and among human communities. This study considers two questions: First, what alternative religious practices might engage, in context, racial tension and be implemented as an alternative to racial conflicts? Second, what religious values provide effective pastoral resources to critically assess today’s racial conflicts and social crisis, and suggest a way to resolve them? These questions are addressed by a study of the ethical and social implications of modern American churches. Inspired by the leadership of two female pastors and their social thoughts based on forgivingness and reconciliation, these churches and their joint worship services provide a relevant way for faith-based peacebuilding projects that present concrete proposals for the social roles of the church as peacebuilders.

재평가는 영구기록물관리기관의 수집 관리 전략으로 발달한 이론으로, 과거에 내려진 평가 결정을 검토하는 과정이다. 첫째, 과거에 내려진 평가 결정이 항상 옳지는 않으며, 둘째, 기록의 가치는 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화한다는 사실이 이 이론의 바탕이 된다. 전자기록환경이 도래하고 거시평가가 주요 평가 전략이 된 지금 재평가가 지니는 의미는 더 확대되었다. 기능 분석을 기반으로 하는 사전 평가 과정에서는 가치 있는 기록을 선별하는 데 한계가 있으며, 당대의 사회상을 재현할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 사전 평가를 보완할 수 있는 방안이 필요하기 때문이다. 한국의 기록물 평가제도 또한 업무 기능 분석을 기반으로 하는 기록관리기준표를 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 운영상의 현실적 문제를 배제하더라도, 기록관리기준표를 통한 평가는 지속적 가치를 지닌 기록물 선별이라는 목적을 달성하는 데 한계가 있다. 이를 재평가가 보완해주어야 하지만, 현행 재평가 제도는 그러한 역할을 수행하지 못하고 있다. 이 글에서는 현행 평가의 한계를 살펴보고, 재평가 제도가 그 한계를 뒷받침해주지 못하고 있다는 문제를 제기하였다. 재평가를 보완하기 위한 방향을 세우고, 주제 기반의 평가를 통하여 현행 평가를 보완하는 모델을 제시하였다.

Reappraisal is a process to examine the past appraisal decision. The reappraisal theory is based on two facts: first, appraisal decision can not be always correct, second, the archival value is changed by time. So, reappraisal policy should complement the limit of the first appraisal results, which is based on the function analysis. To achieve this goal, it is needed to use different process and methods from the first appraisal. However, existing reappraisal system does not meet the essential purpose of reappraisal. This article examined the limit of the reappraisal policy. To complement the problems, this article set a direction and suggested the subject-based reappraisal. The aim of this study is to present the methods to document the society of the generation.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) as nursing interventions for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA statement guidelines. To search for studies related to the effects of CAT applied as nursing care in OA patients, a combination of the keywords 'osteoarthritis,' 'complementary and alternative therapy,' and 'nursing care' were used. Finally, 12 articles retrieved from five electronic databases were included for the analysis. Results: Twelve studies were classified into seven interventions: Tai chi exercise, yoga, qigong, massage. flax seed compress, music, and meditation relaxation, administered by a nurse, and were RCTs. Outcome variables used for pain evaluation were WOMAC and VAS. The duration of interventions varied from 2 to 12 weeks. All twelve interventions had a positive effect on the outcome variables. Conclusion: CAT applied in nursing care for patients with OA significantly reduced pain and improved mobility. When planning a nursing intervention program, it is recommended to combine multiple therapies, considering the duration of effects. In addition, it is recommended to design the study as an RCT to secure the evidence for practical application.