Earticle

This study examines the asymmetrical realization of features and segments in words consisting of a base plus a suffix. After observing cases of feature changes and segmental truncation in English phonological processes, we argue that there exists a tendency where feature change generally applies to suffixes (inflectional and derivational), while segmental deletion tends to occur in bases or stems. The asymmetrical implementations of features and segments in English do not follow the universal constraint ranking proposed by McCarthy and Prince, who claim that FaithRoot dominates FaithAffix with some conditions in their application. The universal ranking can provide a tool for analyzing various phonological processes. However, one should reconsider the ranking from different perspectives if it applies to uneven application of featural and segmental realizations. Thus, we claim that the processes related to feature changes of voicing assimilation and dissimilation target features in the suffixes. On the other hand, segmental deletion cases generally target the base segments, such as r-dissimilation, vowel hiatus, and base truncation. We decompose Identity and Max constraints into specific morphological units such as base, derivational, and inflectional morphemes with specified rankings for English.

Reduplication is the morphological process in which some phonological material is duplicated. There are several types of reduplication in English, including partial reduplication, deprecative reduplication, contrastive reduplication and intensive reduplication. In this paper, however, our attention is confined to partial reduplication in English that includes ablaut type reduplication, rhyme type reduplication and copy type reduplication. Within the area of partial reduplication, this paper first attempts to address the issue of the morphological nature of the partial reduplication process in English. That is, this paper investigates whether the partial reduplication process in English is affixation or compounding. Discussing the traits of most compound structures in English, this paper contends that English partial reduplication could be considered as prosodic affixation occurring in level 2. Secondly, this paper discusses the issue of identifying the base in English partial reduplication structures. On the basis of the examination of the previous proposals, this paper suggests that there be no process to identify the base of the reduplicative structure in English. Since a number of English reduplication structures consist of the parts that can not be regarded as real lexical words, this paper suggests that, as in Minkova (2002), there be no identification of the base. (Korea National University of Transportation)

Generally speaking, Korean dictionary has pure Korean words and Sino-Korean words. But there are many differences between our original words and Sino-Korean words from their morphological structures and combinational aspects. The troubles connected with building a TAG SET of Sino-Korean words is influenced by their morphological characters. The purpose of this paper is to try their TAG SET by identifying the nature of the structure elements in Sino-Korean words. The structure elements in Sino-Korean words are two, a base and an affix. But I don't know what is base or affix in ‘정적(靜的)’, because it isn't fixed ‘정(靜)(quiet)’ is a base and it is hard to explain ‘적(的)(-ical)’ is an affix. However, the combinational regularity and the derivational meanings of the structure elements get criteria to confirm it is a base or an affix. And I tried to describe some problems in order to build a TAG SET of Sino-Korean words. In conclusion, I proposed that to build their TAG SET is in the given TAG SET for pure Korean words.

황동 전구 base 제조과정에서 발생하는 황산폐수에 함유된 구리와 아연의 농도를 저감시키기 위해 중화법에 의한 최적조건을 조사하였다. 구리와 아연이 함유된 황산용액에 대해 화학반응과 물질수지를 고려하여 용액의 pH에 따른 구리와 아연의 농도분포와 용해도를 구하였다. 구리와 아연의 수산화물이 침전되는 pH영역에서 아연의 용해도가 구리의 용해도보다 크므로, 구리에 비해 아연의 제거율이 용액의 pH에 민감하였다. 응집제로 Al2(SO4)3를 첨가하는 경우 아연의 제거율은 응집제의 첨가형태에 영향을 받지 않았으나, 구리의 경우에는 용액으로 첨가하는 것이 고체상태로 첨가하는 것보다 제거율이 높았다.

Optimum condition for neutralization has been studied to remove the copper and zinc ions from spent sulfate solutions which resulted from the acid washing of the base of brass bulb. Chemical distribution of copper and zinc species and the variation of solubility of the two ions with solution pH were obtained by considering the complex formation reaction and mass balance. Removal percentage of zinc was more sensitive to solution pH than that of copper. This results from the fact that the solubility of zinc is higher than that of copper. The form of coagulant affected little the removal percentage of zinc, while addition of coagulant as the phase of solution resulted in higher removal percentage of copper than as the phase of solid.

High-performance smartphones with various sensor capabilities, including the inertial measurement unit, allow us to have higher freedom to localize our movements and utilize them for other applications. In this paper, we present a simple method to estimate the heading of a user using only a digital compass, accelerometer, and gyroscope. Several experiments were conducted using an Apple iPhone. In addition, we also present an algorithm to reduce the number of handover attempts in a dense base station environment. A series of simulations were conducted on OPNET in various emulated environments to present the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm effectively reduces the ping-pong effect in a dense base station environment.

DeVTr은 비디오 데이터 처리에서 프레임 간 변환을 통해 기존의 프레임 기반 모델보다 더 나은 성능을 제공 한다. 본 논문은 다양한 base model을 기반으로 한 DeVTr의 성능을 비교하고 분석하였다. 실험 결과, resnet26을 base model로 사용하는 DeVTr이 비디오 변환 작업에서 시각적 품질과 정확성 면에서 우수한 성 능을 보여주는 것을 확인했으며 향후 더 큰 규모의 데이터셋을 활용화여 성능을 비교할 예정이다.

기존의 바코드는 정보 배열이 나란히 나열된 선 모양을 가지며 이를 1차원 바코드라 부른다. 이에 반해 2차원 바코드는 점자방식 또는 모자이크방식 코드로 작은 정사각형 도는 직사각형 안에 정보를 표현한다. 2차원 바코드는 기존의 1차원 바코드보다 작은 공간에 많은 데이터를 표현 가능함으로써 보다 효율적인 바코드의 구현이 가능하다. 현재 ISO 국제 표준화된 2차원 바코드는 총 4가지로 분류되는데 QR Code, Data Matrix, PDF417, MaxiCode가 있다. 본 논문에서는 ISO 국제 표준화된 바코드 중 하나인 Data Matrix의 Base 256 모드에 대한 기본 개념, 구성 방법, 인코딩 및 디코딩 방법을 상세히 제안한다. Data Matrix 심벌에 저장된 데이터를 보다 효율 적으로 구성하기 위해 숫자, Alphanumeric 문자, 이진법에 따라 다른 인코딩, 디코딩 방법을 사용하게 되는데 본 논문에서는 이를 고려한 디코딩 방법에 초점을 맞춰 기술할 것이다.

Conventional bar code has the appearance of line bars and spaces, called as one-dimensional bar code. In contrast, the information in two-dimensional bar code is represented by either a small, rectangular or square with the types of mosaic and Braille. The two-dimensional bar code is much more efficient than one-dimensional bar code because it can allow to store and express large amounts of data in a small space and so far there is also a little information about decoding the Data Matrix in base 256 mode. According to the ISO international standards, there are four kinds of bar code: QR code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and Maxi code. In this paper, among them, we focus on describing the basic concepts of Data Matrix in base 256 mode, how to encode and decode them, and how to organize them in detail. In addition, Data Matrix can be organized efficiently depending on the modes of numeric, alphanumeric characters, and binary system and expecially, we focus on describing how to decode the Data Matrix code by four modes.

Ubiquitous application is in need of high-level technology to meet various requests for ubiquitous service. In order to adopt ubiquitous technology in not only pilot projects but also regional services, many projects like u-City are implemented in and outside the country. RFID has been known as one of the important technology to provide with core benefits of Ubiquitous services. Because each band of RFID technology has merits and demerits concurrently, single-band RFID system has limitations for various RFID services. Thus, we developed dual-band RFID system enable to provide with 13.56MHz and 2.45GHz RFID service at the same time to compensate the shortage of single-band RFID system. Also we have considered the way that the firmware would control signals without collision, studied battery life and range for tag, and made hardware for dual-band RFID service.

□ Purpose This research addresses various issues on the construction strategies of an OSB (Offshore Supply Base), which is a kind of supply base to support various activities related to an offshore industry, the especially offshore resource development. - With the increase of the market of the offshore industry, a demand for service provided by OSB is expected to increase in Korea. - So far, there is in a situation the Korean government and academic sector is not particularly interested in constructing and operating an OSB. - While there are not enough foreign and domestic previous studies on the OSB, this research is expected to be a basic research and future researches need to be carried out. □ Methodologies - Case study for construction and operation of the OSB in Houston, Singapore and Korea - Demand analysis for an offshore industry related to the offshore resource development near Korea - Specialist interview survey □ Results ◦ We examined in detail the growth and development of Houston and Singapore under the background of the changes in its economic and social issues by reviewing research papers. - Based on the investigation, we carried out case studies for construction and operation of the OSB in two regions as the leading regions for the related industry - Whether certain nation or region has rich reserves of energy resources is not always a prerequisite for OSB industry to prosper. - If there exists well-prepared finance and logistics infrastructure for foreign investors to operate their company effectively, that is a sufficient condition for OSB industry to start and prosper. . As a result of the study “berth facilities including loading/unloading” was drawn out to be the most important factor followed by “ship/plant repair facility”, “storage facility”, “workshop” and “connectivity in the global transport network”. - Due to the unique characteristics of OSB industry, cost related factors were the lowest priorities. . To support various offshore activities, the construction and operation of OSB is necessary. This research would be expected to be a fundamental study.

In this paper, an adaptive beamforming protection scheme is proposed to enable the coexistence between radar altimeter operating in 4.2 to 4.4 GHz and potential 5G cellular services in 3.7? 4.0 GHz. The proposed scheme aims to design the adaptive beamformer capable of eliminating sidelobes directed skywards, where the weights are adaptively changed according to dynamic environment. To accurately simulate the received signal at the radar altimeter, the radar altimeter system, 5G base stations, communication channels, and the propagation environment are modelled. The simulation results describe that the altitudes of the airplane are accurately measured by the proposed scheme.

In this paper, the coexistence between fifth generation (5G) network and fixed satellite service (FSS) is investigated. To reduce the interference between 5G base stations (BSs) and FSS earth station (ES), a guard band protection method is proposed. Additionally, the distance and angular protection methods are amalgamated. The performances are evaluated by simulation in realistic 3GPP. Also, the impacts of four antenna types are analysed for a 5G BS. The numerical results show that the guard band protection can solve the interference for the 5G/FSS coexistence, when the distance protection is combined. In addition, when the hybrid protection method is employed, the coexistence between 5G BS and FSS ES is guaranteed.

The concept of drone base stations (DBSs) has been applied to reduce the distance of the wireless link between a macro base station and its active users under diverse scenarios in military communications, smart industries, and high-density networks, and to provide service in topologies with damaged infrastructure. In this paper, we address the optimal positioning of multiple DBSs in a multiple-input multiple-output wireless network setting. We present a low-complexity machine learning-based algorithm to optimize the location of the DBSs by minimizing the collective wireless received signal strength experienced by the active terminals. The proposed algorithm reduces the propagation loss in the system and provides a lower bit error rate when compared with the Euclidean cost benchmark.

NGBoost has shown promising results in probabilistic and point estimation tasks. However, it is vague still whether this method can be scalable to neural architecture system since its base learner is based on decision trees. To resolve this, we design a Neural-NGBoost framework by replacing the base learner with lightweight neural networks and introducing joint gradient estimation for boosting procedure. Based on natural gradient boosting, we iteratively update the neural based learner by inferring natural gradient and update the parameter score with its probabilistic distribution. Experimental results show Neural-NGBoost achieves superior performance across various datasets compared to other boosting methods.

In this paper, an alternative approach to select base classifiers forming a parallel Heterogeneous ensemble is proposed. The fundamental concept is to trim poorly performing classifiers; thus, a more effective Heterogeneous ensemble can be generated. More specifically, the proposed trimming approach finds an optimal subset of classifiers to form the desired heterogeneous ensemble. The main challenge is how to detect poor performance classifiers. To address this issue, the differences in effectiveness between base classifiers forming the ensemble are utilized to spot weak classifiers. For evaluating the proposed approach, eighteen benchmark datasets are used for generating the heterogeneous ensemble classification and comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods are conducted. The experimental analysis demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach when compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.