Earticle

The initial research of Task Computing in the ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) environment revealed the need for access control of services. Context-awareness of service requests in ubiquitous computing necessitates a well-designed model to enable effective and adaptive invocation. However, nowadays little work is being undertaken on service access control under the UbiComp environment, which makes the exposed service suffer from the problem of ill-use. One of the research focuses is how to handle the access to the resources over the network. Policy-Based Access Control is an access control method. It adopts a security policy to evaluate requests for resources but has a light-weight combination of the resources. Motivated by the problem above, we propose a universal model and an algorithm to enhance service access control in UbiComp. We detail the architecture of the model and present the access control implementation.

PURPOSES : The dynamic modulus can be determined by applying the various theories from the Impact Resonance Testing(IRT) Method. The objective of this paper is to determine the best theory to produce the dynamic modulus that has the lowest error as the dynamic modulus data obtained from these theories(Complex Wave equation Resonance Method related to either the transmissibility loss or not, Dynamic Stiffness Resonance Method) compared to the results for dynamic modulus determined by using the Universal Testing Machine. The ultimate object is to develop the predictive model for the dynamic modulus of a Linear Visco-Elastic specimen by using the Complex Wave equation Resonance Method(CWRM) came up for an existing study(S. O. Oyadiji; 1985) and the Optimization. METHODS : At the destructive test which uses the Universal Testing Machine, the dynamic modulus results along with the frequency can be used for determining the sigmoidal master curve function related to the reduced frequency by applying Time-Temperature Superposition Principle. RESULTS : The constant to be solved from Eq. (11) is a value of 14.13. The reduced dynamic modulus obtained from the IRT considering the loss factor related to the impact transmissibility has RMSE of 367.7MPa, MPE of 3.7%. When the predictive dynamic modulus model was applied to determine the master curve, the predictive model has RMSE of 583.5MPa, MPE of 3.5% compared to the destructive test results for the dynamic modulus. CONCLUSIONS : Because we considered that the results obtained from the destructive test had the most highest source credibility in this study, the dynamic modulus data obtained respectively from DSRM, CWRM were compared to the results obtained from the destructive test by using th IRT. At the result, the reduced dynamic modulus derived from DSRM has the most lowest error.

본 연구는 보편적 학습설계(UDL)의 원리를 적용한 궁중정재의 교수학습 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 궁중정 재 전문가 7인의 심층면담과 UDL을 적용한 실행연구를 하였다. 다음과 같은 결과로 첫째, 궁중정재의 효과적인 학 습을 위한 기초 원리로 궁중정재를 둘러싼 총체적 학습 강조, 무보독해와 실기시연의 병행, 한삼에 얽매이지 않는 춤사위 학습, 학습자의 내적동기 부여, 시각적 사고전략, 단계별 학습목표 제시의 여섯가지 원리를 정의하였다. 둘째, 궁중정재의 교수학습 원리를 UDL에 적용한 결과, 궁중정재의 난이도 맞춤형 교수학습, 무보독해 교수학습, 온오프 혼합형 교수학습, 기록 훈련 교수학습이 중요사항으로 발견되었다. 결론적으로 궁중정재의 교수학습에서 UDL은 기 교의 학습이 아니며, 총체적 학습이자 흐름의 학습이어야 한다는 관점과 학습자의 체화에는 내재화 교육이 중요하 게 작용했음이 나타났다. 본 연구는 궁중정재의 교수학습의 개념과 기초 원리를 제안함으로써 다양한 학습자 수준 에 맞추어 유연하게 상호작용하는 궁중정재 교육의 실천적 방향을 담은 가이드라인이라는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study is to present a teaching and learning model of Korean royal court dance applying the principle of universal design for learning(UDL). To this end, an in-depth interview with 7 experts in Korean royal court dance and an implementation study applying universal design for learning were conducted. As a result of the following, first, six principles were defined as the basic principles for effective learning of Korean royal court dance: total learning, unbridled reading, object call Hansam, learners' internal motivation, visual thinking strategy, and step-by-step learning objectives. Second, the teaching and learning guidance plan formed the implementation stage of introduction- development-organization. Third, by deriving supplementary and corrections applying UDL, customized learning for learners who were unfamiliar with Korean royal court dance, setting the difficulty of non-reading, interaction through on-off hybrid learning, and recording training for remembering learning contents were found as important matters. Finally, 7 principles were presented by applying the universal design for learning, and this study is significant in that it is a guideline containing the practical direction of Korean royal court dance education.

Since the emergence of the smart-home concept, many devices, interfaces and controllers have become available. However, there is a problem: each component usually performs a single function and there is no synchronization with other components. In order to exploit the great potential of the new technologies that these devices embody, as a base for synchronizing devices, interfaces and intelligent control systems, a universal model is required. The current paper offers a universal, comprehensive model for a smart home. Drawing upon existing protocols and technologies, it illustrates how to integrate different devices, software, and user interfaces to create a smart home. The model emphasizes four principles: A universal model can substantially lead to higher quality and usability of both devices and user interface; Production costs may be significantly reduced if manufacturers adopt a universal standard; The model synchronizes different groups of devices. This makes it possible to program complex scenarios leading to improved and enhanced smart-home utilization; Based on current available communication standards and infrastructure, the model can easily be installed in any house. Proposed smart-home architecture comprises - in addition to appliances and communication interfaces - a central management unit and a built-in database for smart equipment integration, for creating and implementing pre-programmed complex scenarios. The central management unit application and database store an up-to-date list of all connected devices. Any new integrated device is synchronized upon connection and removed when not in use. This is done automatically by sending any shared data (list of properties, commands, optional streaming, etc.) into the database upon initial connection.

A smart home (sometimes referred to as a smart house or eHome) is one that has highly advanced automatic systems. A smart home appears "intelligent" because its computer systems can monitor many aspects of daily life. Our research, presented in this paper, is based on a universal implementation model for the smart home. The “Home Intelligence” (HI) module of the smart home, offers important added-value to the intelligent behavior of the smart-home environment. The HI creates an integrated environment in which the Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanism can infer and suitably react according to changing conditions and events. By identifying abnormal or unexpected events and, when necessary alerting the home’s occupants, the AI module can provide an immediate automatic response if desired. Because of the complexity of the systems, their diverse areas of control and supervision, the variety of information technologies and learning mechanisms, and the reasoning capabilities used in updating the information system, developers, suppliers and users must cooperate. Cooperation will be expressed by agreeing to anonymously transfer information from the client to the developer through the suppliers. The transferred information will include characteristics of abnormal events, which have actually occurred in reality (true life scenarios), and the responses of the smart home. This information is then analyzed and used for AI learning and to improve the system’s reasoning mechanisms. Collecting information from a large number of clients will allow for faster learning and updating of the home intelligence system. A simulation system was developed in order to illustrate the HI module. The simulation illustrates the learning and the reasoning processes as well as demonstrates the smart home’s responses to abnormal events.

This paper presents the prototype of a universal model for implementing the smart home. In this model, computers and various digital devices form a single network that operates at a high level of intelligence to provide and manage common services. The universal model includes a standard framework that will enable hardware and software vendors to develop consumer electronic (CE) devices that connect easily to the smart home network. An eHome server stores and controls data while various information technologies connect home devices and appliances to the network's PC. A set of definitions is formulated for the user interface (UI), operations and management (OM) and artificial intelligence (AI) modules. For each component, a set of tandard properties and interfaces was defined to create a seamless experience. The main contribution of this model is that it offers a possible solution to many of the hardware and software design issues in the eHome environment.

In April 1948, what began as an uprising on Jeju Island against US military occupation turned into a full-scale massacre by government suppression forces that resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Jeju residents. For many decades, under the anticommunist and authoritarian South Korean government, the truth of what became known as the Jeju 4.3 Incident was not investigated and the victims went unrecognized. With democratization, a remarkable transformation took place as a government-sponsored commission was established to establish the truth about the massacre and to recognize the victims. In this process, the civilians of Jeju played both a major and magnanimous role that sought to determine the truth and commemorate the victims but not to seek retribution. As a result, Jeju’s identity has undergone a dramatic change as it has come to be known as a place synonymous with forgiveness, peace, human rights, and reconciliation. The people of Jeju are now forging a remarkable path towards truth, reconciliation, and coexistence that may be referred to as the ‘’’Jeju model.’’ This paper firmly argues that this Jeju model should not be limited to Jeju but be extended to South Korea, the whole Korean Peninsula, East Asia, and even beyond as a way of healing past trauma and wrongdoing.

Purpose: Our study aims to develop a machine learning model that not only predicts the occurrence of post-induction hypotension (PIH) but also assesses its severity, addressing a broader patient population than previous studies which mostly focused on a single population. Materials and Methods: In our study, we extracted data from 71473 patients aged 18 years and older who underwent general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery at a tertiary care hospital, using the electronic medical record system for modeling. We used patient demographics, baseline and pre-induction blood pressure, preoperative laboratory tests, surgical details, and anesthetics data, focusing on predicting PIH. The severity of hypotension was assessed by integrating and calculating the integral value of hypotensive periods. We employed several machine learning techniques and evaluated their performance using accuracy, precision, F1-scores, and macro-averaged area under the curve. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanation values were used to determine the key factors influencing the predictions. Results: A multiclass classification model, which assesses hypotension severity through the area of hypotension, surpassed the binary model with an F1-score of 0.664. Among various machine learning techniques, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model exhibited superior prediction performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.755 and an F1-score of 0.664. Models using preoperative blood pressure and demographic data outperformed those using other datasets. Conclusion: We found that using the XGBoost ensemble machine learning technique aids in predicting PIH before surgery, and introducing a multiclass classification model that indicates the severity of hypotension to clinicians leads to an overall enhancement in prediction performance, thereby increasing its clinical utility for real-world applications.

The application of Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) could play a key role in operating chillers at optimum efficiency. As air-conditioning consumes a significant proportion (approximately 30% to 50%) of the total power consumption of a commercial building, an effective FDD tool is very much required for a reliable and economic chiller operation. In this paper, the renowned Simple Thermodynamic Model, STM (also known as Gordon and Ng Universal Chiller Model) was utilized to detect and diagnose some of the common faults in centrifugal chillers. Based on the readily available, nonintrusive, steady state measurements extracted from the on-site chillers, the STM model was regressed to obtain two physically meaningful coefficients, namely, Thermal Resistance and Internal Entropy Generation. These information-rich coefficients were then analyzed to evaluate the performances and the conditions of the chillers. Despite the large and yet complex on-site chiller operations, equipped with built-in heat recovery, such as economizer and intricate control mechanisms, the predictive and diagnostic capabilities of STM in detecting chiller faults has been successfully tested and evaluated based on the data collected from on-site centrifugal chillers. Faults like condenser fouling and reduction in condenser cooling water flow rate were succinctly captured by the STM model.

본 논문은 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) 기반의 화자식별에서 급격한 계산 복잡도 감소를 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 GMM 기반의 화자식별 시스템은 테스트 발성의 길이, 등록 화자의 수, GMM의 크기 등 크게 세 가지 요인에 비례하는 많은 계산 복잡도를 가진다. 이러한 점은 화자식별 시스템이 다양한 응용분야에 적용되는 것을 막는 큰 요인이기에 계산 복잡도와 식별 성능 사이의 trade-off 관계는 실제 적용을 위해 가장 중요한 고려요소이다. 식별 성능을 거의 그대로 유지하면서 최대한 계산 복잡도를 감소시키기 위해 우리는 Universal Background Model (UBM) 클러스터링 접근 방법을 제시하고, 또한 이 방법은 실시간 구조의 화자식별에 적용할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 제안한 방법의 실험을 통해 미미한 정도의 식별 성능 저하에서 speed-up factor 6의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

In this paper, we propose a new method to drastically reduce computational complexity in Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based Speaker Identification (SI). Generally, GMM-based SI systems have very high computational complexity proportional to the length of the test utterance, the number of enrolled speakers, and the GMM size. These make the SI systems difficult to be used in various real applications in spite of their broad applicability. Thus, a trade-off between computational complexity and identification accuracy is considered as a primary issue for practical applications. In order to reduce computational complexity sharply with a little loss of accuracy, we introduce a method based on the Universal Background Model (UBM) clustering approach and then we show that it can be used successfully in real-time applications. In experiments with the proposed algorithm, we obtained a speed-up factor of 6 with a negligible loss of accuracy.

본 논문에서는 UD Korean Kaist v2.3 코퍼스를 이용하여 범용 품사 태깅, 표제어추출 그리고 의존 구문분석을 동시에 예측할 수 있는 보편적 다중 작업 모델을 제안하였다. 제안 모델은 사전학습 언어모델인 다국어 BERT (Multilingual BERT)와 한국어 BERT (KR-BERT와 KoBERT)을 대상으로 추가학습 (fine-tuning)을 수행하여 BERT 모델의 자가-집중 (self-attention) 기법과 그래프 기반 Biaffine attention 기법을 적용하여 제안 모델의 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

In this paper, we propose a multi-task model that can simultaneously predict general-purpose tasks such as part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, and dependency parsing using the UD Korean Kaist v2.3 corpus. The proposed model thus applies the self-attention technique of the BERT model and the graph-based Biaffine attention technique by fine-tuning the multilingual BERT and the two Korean-specific BERTs such as KR-BERT and KoBERT. The performances of the proposed model are compared and analyzed using the multilingual version of BERT and the two Korean-specific BERT language models.

This study used Universal Middleware to regulate the power efficiency capabilities of ZCB-REP(Zero Carbon Building-Residential Energy Platform) as a consumer demand communication service platform for a neural network application model. The power grid network is conducted as a neural network needed for two types of situational decisions to conduct each service for consumer application convergence, and data convergence. First, the ZCB(Zero Carbon Building) microgrid platform was applied to the energy demand model of the run-time execution system, and possible to integrate neural network application services and dynamically distribute them to the other components. This is supported into a transmittable form and configured according to the definition between the provider and the consumer model based on the unit service deliverable framework. Second, REP(Residential Energy Platform) collected customer data and analyzed it using variable network middleware, such as a device management protocol, for each system deployment component. The data collection method was based on the LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory network) network based on db4object and comparative analyzed for NoSQL suitable for a distributed environment. This allows it to conform to the supplier and consumer model between the elements required to build the microgrid infrastructure required by the energy convergence terminal and the facility device interface of the zero carbon building as an intelligent gateway. According to a study on establishing the residential power service system requirement for an add-on microgrid service, the efficiency of operation should be connected to the platform and applied to external systems, providing scalability. The Consumer's demand events were organized and quantified using a neural network method of measuring parameters and evaluating the efficiency of external services to frameworks model, declaration of various entropy services that could be applied to efficiency as real time application services, and extended services. In order to support the independence of real-time operating systems with an entropy model based on the operating system that supports an Android, Windows, and Linux kernel 2.1 series, its applied Universal Middleware concept. This communication convergence entropy model is TR-069 of Broadband Forum, CWMP(CPE WAN Management) of Broadband Forum Standard, and HGI(Home Gateway Initiative). Therefore, a power grid of consumer centered study in the future can be effectively applied to access and integrate platforms of microgrid devices supporting system models for multi-way protocol communication services and to power convergence service equipment that reflects consumer requests in real-time. This study is intended to establish a foundation for ongoing research as a suitable model to solve the environmental issue that humanity must respond to collaboratively by remodeling the enormous resources required to reconstruct and expand the existing system.

에크하르트(Meister Eckhart, 1260-1328)는 요한 복음의 도입 부분을 자신의 『요한 복음 주석』에서 철학적 방법으로 주해하고 있다. 도입 부분은 그의 사상의 기초가 되는 말씀신학(Worttheologie)에 해당한다. 말씀신학은 삼위일체, 신적 유출에 관한 논의로서 자연적 이성을 바탕으로 하는 철학적 논의를 넘어선 초자연적 계시 진리에 속한다. 그렇다면 그에게는 철학과 성경의 진리(신학) 사이의 구분이 없는 셈이다. 그에 따르면, 철학적 진리는 성경에 나오는 진리를 밝혀주고, 성경은 철학적 진리를 확증해준다. 이런 입장은 『삼부작』의 ‘일반적 서문’의 기본 입장이기도 하다. 왜 요한 복음일까. 그의 철학의 기점이 ‘시원 가운데 말씀이 계셨다’에 기인하는 말씀신학이기 때문이다. 『요한 복음 주석』의 저술 의도는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 저자의 의도는 그리스도교의 거룩한 신앙의 가르침과 신･구약 성경의 가르침을 철학자들의 자연적 이성으로 주석하는 것이다. 둘째, 자연적인 것의 원리들, 귀결들 그리고 고유성들이 갖는 진리들이 성경 말씀 가운데서 명확하게 드러난다는 것을 보여주고자 하는 것이다. 셋째, 중간 중간 어떤 도덕적 주석을 삽입하는 것 등이다. 그는 실제로 『요한 복음 주석』에서 자신이 말한 저술 의도대로 복음의 첫 구절을 주석하고 있다. 곧 그는 『요한 복음 주석』 n. 4-27에 자신의 저술 의도인 철학적 논의를 기점으로 성경을 주석하는 주석의 보편적 모델, 그 예시 그리고 그 적용에 따른 주석의 사례 등을 서술하고 있다. 본고는 그의 『요한 복음 주석』을 필자의 분석에 따라 가능하면 있는 대로 정리하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이런 정리 작업은 에크하르트의 『요한 복음 주석』을 해석하기 위한 준거 틀뿐만 아니라, 그의 사상 전체를 이해하는 실마리를 제공해주리라 여긴다. 본고에서는 다음과 같이 네 가지 관점에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다. 첫째, 주석의 잣대가 되고 있는 그의 철학 이론은 무엇일까. 둘째, 에크하르트가 제시하고 있는 성경 주석의 보편적 모델(n. 4-13). 셋째, 성경 주석의 보편적 모델의 사례인 의로움(justitia)과 의로운 사람의 관계(n. 14-22). 이는 두 번째에서 말한 것의 타당성을 통찰할 수 있는 사례로 제시된 것이다. 넷째, 하느님의 아들에 대한 성경 말씀의 주석(n. 23-27). 이는 두 번째에 제시된 보편적 모델에 근거해서 다른 성경 구절이 실제로 어떻게 해석될 수 있는지의 적용 사례를 보여주고 있다.

M. Eckhart interprets the phrases as follows “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God.” in the the Gospel according to John with philosophical(metaphysical) ways in the introduction of his The Commentary on John. This phrases say about Word theology(Worttheologie) which is the foundation of his thoughts. In the traditional theological thoughts, the Word theology treating on the divine trinity, the divine emanation does not appertain to the region of natural reason(philosophy), but belongs to the truth of the supernatural revelation. So, to him there must be no difference between the philosophy and the truth of Bible(theology). According to him, whereas philosophical truth gives light to the truth of the Bible, the Bible confirms the philosophical truth. His position like this comes from ‘Prologus generalis’ in his Opus tripartitum. Why did he try to interpret the Gospel according to John? Because his philosophical grounding is Word theology based in the the Gospel according to John. His intentions to author The Commentary on John is as follows. ① To explain not only the Word developed in the phrase “In the beginning was the Word” and everything else that follows, but also what the holy Christian faith and the two Testaments maintain through the help of the natural arguments of the philosophers. ② To show how truths of natural principles, conclusions, and properties are in the very words of sacred scriptures, which are interpreted through these natural truths. ③ Now and then some moral interpretation will also be advanced. Eckhart actually interprets the introduction of the Gospel according to John with his intentions. This paper tried to show how he applies his philosophical position(the theory of essential causes or the theory of essential principle) to the Biblical interpretation in his The Commentary on John n. 4-27. The main themes of this paper are as follows ① What is his philosophy here used as the means to interpret the Bible? ② The universal Biblical interpretation model according philosophical method(n. 4-13). ③ The relation between the just man and the justice as the example of the universal Bible interpretation model(n. 14-22). ④ The Bible interpretation of the phrases of the Bible on ‘Son of God’ on ground of the universal Bible interpretation model.

This paper is concentrating on a strategy of storytelling which is utilized as a core skill in developing cultural contents. First of all, the study analysed how the cultural contexts involved in a concept of cultural contents act on a storytelling. Then, we applied the outcome to a process of visual-image contents planning. Planning visual-image contents is operated through the basic principle of both the universality and the special characteristic, which indicates in the frame of the intertextuality, the original story is fictionalized by borrowing the universality. In conclusion, I suggest certain strategy model of storytelling which will be created in the process of the transformation. The visual-image contents industry in the country has been showing the systematic weaknesses of planning. With concern of that, we hope this study will contribute to improving planning ability and developing an executive scenario.

정보여과 에이전트는 자체의 적응성(adaptability)과 자율성(autonomy)을 특징으로 사용자의 선호도와 관심을 학습하여 사용자 프로파일을 지식베이스의 일부로 구축하는 기능을 수행한다. 이러한 사용자 프로파일은 사용자의 학습의도에 맞게 지식을 탐색하고 축적하는 적응성(adaptability)을 가져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지능적 정보여과 에이전트가 사용자의 선호도와 관심을 학습하여 적응적인 사용자 프로파일을 구축하기 위한 기법으로서, 사용자가 제시한 학습예제로써의 웹 문서들로부터 사용자의 학습의도를 내포한 질의어를 중심으로 연관 지식을 탐색하여 추출하는 웹 도큐먼트 기반 사용자 중심 연된 객체 추출과 만유인력 모델을 기반으로 한 연관 객체 관계성 가중치 기법을 제시한다.

본 연구의 목적은 유니버설디자인의 개념과 장애인을 위한 환경디자인에 관하여 이론적으로 고찰하고, 지체장애인의 주거 환경을 개선한 사례를 유니버설 디자인 관점에서 분석함으로써, 향후 장애인의 자립도 향상과 문화 환경 개선을 위한 유니버설 디자인 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애인을 위한 주거환경은 일반적인 무장애(barrier-free) 디자인 외에 개인별 장애유형 및 정도와 행동특성 등을 고려하고, 주택의 유형 및 특성에 따라 공간적 요구 내용이 상이하였다. 둘째, 경제적 활동이 적은 장애인의 주거환경이 대체로 열악하기 때문에 적극적인 구조적 변화 및 개선이 어려우며, 현관․접근로, 주방, 화장실에 대한 대상자의 주거환경 개선 요구가 높았고 전문가의 도움이 필요했다. 셋째, 유니버설디자인 7원칙 중 ① ‘적은 신체적 노력’, ② ‘접근과 사용을 위한 크기와 공간’이 집중적으로 적용되고 있었다. 넷째, 장애인의 주거 내 자립생활을 위한 공간의 기능적․환경적 개선과 함께, 심미적․문화적 개선을 통한 거주자의 심리적․정서적 만족을 높임으로써, 주거․문화 환경의 질적 향상을 도모할 필요가 있었다. 다섯째, 장애인의 주거환경 개선은 삶을 보다 인간답게 영유하며, 궁극적으로 삶의 질 향상과 장애인 주거 복지향상에 기여하는 방향으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 향후, 장애인의 진정한 자립생활을 위한 주거․문화 환경 개선 방향을 논의하기 위해서는, 다른 지역의 사례연구를 수집하여 지체장애인의 주거 문화 환경 개선 전․후에 대한 이들의 만족도를 비교 분석해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of the current study is to analyze environmental design for the disables with respect to universal design, investigate how universal design can be applied to environmental design for the disables and provide some directions for the improvement of cultural environment and self-reliance of the disables. From the analytical results based on the case study, we can derive some empirical findings and implications as follows: ① Environmental design for the disables considers not only barrier-free design but also disability type and severity of the individual characteristics and behaviors, and their needs for spatial contents are different depending on the housing types and features; ② It is difficult to change and improve aggressively their spatial structures because most of the disables performing less economic activity live in poor residential environment, however the residents highly demands for environmental improvements in porch?approach, kitchen, and restroom; ③ It is remarkable that ‘low physical effort’ and ‘size and space for approach and use’ among the seven principles of universal design have been intensively applied to the improvements of residential environment for the disabled; ④ For self-reliant living of the disabled in residential areas, it is necessary to bring about qualitative improvements of the residential and cultural environment in the aspect of aesthetic and cultural enhancement as well as functional and environmental improvement; ⑤ The improvements of residential environment for the disabled should be developed toward the direction that the quality of life and the housing welfare of the disabled can be further enhanced. For the future study, the current study shall be further developed to provide some other regional case studies about environmental improvements for self-reliant living of the disabled and comparatively analyze the disabled's satisfaction before and after a certain environmental improvement is made.

GMM(: Gaussian Mixture Model)은 비명 소리를 검출하기 위해서 가장 많이 사용되는 기법의 하나이다. 기존의 GMM 방식에서는 전체 훈련데이터를 비명소리와 비-비명 소리로 나누고, 훈련과정을 통하여 각각의 GMM 모델을 생성하게 된다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 비명 소리 검출 과정이 화자인식과 매우 유사하다는 점에 착안하여 화자인식에서 매우 효과적으로 사용된 UBM(: Universal Background Model) 방식을 비명소리 검출에 적용할 것을 제안하였다. 제안된 UBM 방식을 통한 검출 실험 결과 기존의 GMM 방식에 비하여 더 나은 검출 성능을 보임을 인식 실험을 통하여 확인 할 수 있었다.

GMM has been one of the most popular methods for scream sound detection. In the conventional GMM, the whole training data is divided into scream sound and non-scream sound, and the GMM is trained for each of them in the training process. Motivated by the idea that the process of scream sound detection is very similar to that of speaker recognition, the UBM which has been used quite successfully in speaker recognition, is proposed for use in scream sound detection in this study. We could find that UBM shows better performance than the traditional GMM from the experimental results.

사회경제적으로 다양한 편차를 보이고 있는 아시아는 현재 빠른 고령화와 불안정한 노동시장 그리고 줄어들지 않는 불평등이 공통적으로 발견되고 있다. 하지만, 대다수의 아시아 국가들은 제한된 적용범위를 가진 기여에 기반한 사회보장제도와 불안정한 공공부조제도를 가지고 있다. 아시아개발도상국 사회보장제도나 사회적 위험에 대한 논의가 제기되고 있지만, 효과적이고 지속가능한 사회보장체제에 대한 논의는 제한적이다. 이러한배경에서 본 연구는 아시아 및 개발도상국의 사회보장제도의 대안적 모델로 태국의 기초보장모델을 검토하고자 한다. 태국의 보건과 연금을 핵심으로 하는 보편형 기초보장모델은 기존의 기여형 사회보장제도의 대안적 모델로 논의될 수 있다. 이 모델은 공적인 역할이 사회보장에서 강화된 형태로 진행되었다는 점, 조세를 기반으로 추진된다는 점, 그리고 사회보장의 적용범위가 100%에 이르렀다는 점에서 태국 사회보장 모델이 아시아 및 국제적으로 개발도상국의 대안으로서 검토될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 먼저 태국 사회보장제도의 간략한 역사와 기초보장모델이 채택되게 된배경을 논의하고, 이어 보편적 의료서비스와 기초연금제도를 중심으로 제도와 효과에 대해서 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 태국 사회보장 모델의 장단점과 적용 가능성에 대해서 정책적 함의를 제시하고자 한다.

Despite different socio-economic status, Asian countries have been commonly experiencing rapid demographic changes, unstable labour markets, and increasing inequality. Yet, flawed social security schemes in Asia have been by far short of responding to increasing social risks. Much has been written about increasing social risks and vulnerable people in Asia, but only limited discussion has been done in terms of what would be effective social security system in Asia. In this context, this study aims for examining the Thai social security model as an alternative to existing contribution-based social security schemes with public assistance schemes. The Thai government has developed a universal tax-based healthcare system and also a non-contributory basic pension. The Thai model has several distinctive features including the stronger role of the government and the public sector, tax-based programmes, and universal coverage, which could be considered as an alternative model for other Asian countries. In this study, we will discuss the brief history of the Thai social security system, explain two key programmes-Universal Coverage Scheme and non-contributory pension, and discuss its strengths and weaknesses. We will wrap the article by discussing the applicability of the Thai model to other countries.

본 연구는 온종일돌봄 정책의 시행으로 공적돌봄이 확대되고 있지만, 코로나19와 같은 위기상황에서도 모든 아동을 포괄할 수 있는 돌봄권 차원의지역사회 돌봄체계의 필요성에서 출발한다. 돌봐야할 아동이 많고 다양한욕구에 대응할 수 있는 권리적 차원의 사회적 돌봄이 가능하기 위해, 공적돌봄으로 해결할 수 있는 영역을 보충할 수 있는 시민사회의 역할로 마을공동체적 대안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 따라서 지역사회 사회적 자본을 활용한 돌봄모델 개발을 위해 이론과 실천현장 간의 괴리를 좁혀 현장에서 수행할 수 있는 실행연구(Action Research) 로 지역사회기반참여연구(Community-Based Participatory Research, CBPR) 방법을 적용하여, 모델개발-실행-평가⋅환류 그리고 적용 및 수정 과정으로수행하였다. 지역사회 아동의 욕구에 맞는 돌봄모델을 실제로 개발하고 수행하면서 환류과정을 통해 만들어진 새로운 형태의 돌봄모델을 제시하였는데, 단일 사례연구의 한계점을 보완하기 위해 다양한 자료를 활용하여 타당도와 신뢰도를 높이는 전략을 사용하였다. 연구결과 개발된 마을돌봄 모델은 마을이 동네 아이들을 함께 돌보는 서비스로 초등아동 보편적 돌봄 확장에 기여하며, 아동권리적 가치에서 놀이를 강조한다. 또한 작은도서관과 같은 마을 공간에서 친밀성을 통해 신뢰관계가 형성된 인적자원은 아동이 안심하고 돌봄터로 공유할 수 있도록 한다는 점에서 사회적 자본으로 가치를 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 모델의 차별성은다함께돌봄센터(서울시 우리동네키움센터)와 비교하여 분석함으로 돌봄체계로의 유용성과 확산 가능성을 검토하였다.

Although public care is expanding due to the implementation of the all-day childcare policy in South Korea, the role of local community remains vital in meeting the demand for childcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore village community alternatives, as a role of civil society, to supplement universal childcare to meet children’s diverse needs. The study involved a community-based participatory research approach to narrow the gap between theory and practice and develop new childcare models utilizing social capital in the local community. This action research entailed a process of model development, execution, evaluation, reflection, and modification. To develop and implement a care model tailored to meet the needs of children in a community, I used various data to increase validity and reliability, thus compensating for the limitations of a single case study. The core concept of the village care model developed in this study is children cared for by the entire village. The model expands universal care for elementary school children with a focus on play as the children’s rights. This study is meaningful in terms of evincing social capital built on trust and intimacy by allowing children to use a common community space, such as a local library, as a care center where they can feel safe. The efficacy of this model is discussed in comparison to childcare centers in Seoul.