Earticle

The technology of the SWG (Smart Water Grid) as one of most important national projects results in significant assignment that is closely associated with systematic management and effective operation. The individual component technics are required to establish directory and classification for the purpose of effectively managing their information related to research and development (R&D). The national science technology (S&T) standard classification tree which results in the representative example has been established with an intention to manage R&D information, human resource, and budget. It has been also revised every five years and then used in the various fields related to the evaluation, administration, and prediction of the national R&D projects. In addition, the standard classification system for R&D projects has been widely used in the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and EU (European Union) since the Frascati Manual was established in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Therefore, it is necessary for SWG techniques to develop the standard S&T classification tree for research management and evaluation. For this, it is essential to draw the core techniques for the SWG, which are incorporated with IT (Information Technology), NT (Nano Technology), and BT (Biology Technology).

Small and medium enterprises need a wide range of information regarding technologies, industries, market conditions, other companies, and products to facilitate identification of new growth opportunities and to respond quickly to changes in the business environment. Collecting such information, however, requires the input of resources (human resources, cost, and time), and the lack of marketability resulting from the shortage of such resources is often cited as the reason small and medium often fail in their effort to commercialize their technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental factors such as market concentration and the current level of competition to enable companies to make the necessary decisions when considering market entry following R&D planning and technology commercialization, or after the development of a new product. Also, an expert-based 5FORCE analysis can be performed using the KMAPS, an industry and market intelligence system: this facilitates automatic production of analyses based on the corporate finance and transaction data. The key contribution of the study is that it facilitates conveniently and quickly analyzing the 5 Forces, which had been a difficult task in the environmental analysis, and that the outcomes of this study empower companies in the decision-making process.

Information technology is changing the business value chain and business systems. This situation is due to the business value chain and the value creation factors in business. Technology companies and researchers are developing new businesses, but many companies and researchers cannot find successful ways to analyze and develop a business in a specific way. In this paper, the following will be explored. First, the value creation motive in business is analyzed through a literary review. Second, business attributes are analyzed while considering the value creation motive and business factors in management. Finally, the business attributes of information technology are studied through a review of previous research that has been conducted on this topic.

Problem solving in real life is a core competency commonly adopted in several subjects recently. The real-world problems were rarely resolved with only one domain of knowledge. Thus, convergence education is becoming a trend in many countries. As on-line education is revitalized because of COVID-19, the need for changes to STEAM education is emerging. In December 2019, the on-line education systems quickly settled in schools because of COVID-19. During the first semester of 2020, most school education was conducted as virtual/distance learning classes. It is necessary to analyze how much technology has been used in the STEAM classes in Korea. This paper analyzes the research papers related to the STEAM education in Korea conducted in the last 10 years. By doing this, we analyze what kind of edutechs we were interested in, what kind of STEAM education actually occurred, and to whom it was conducted. The previous research papers analyzed in this paper are the papers in the Korea Citation Index accredited journals and candidate journals. Finally, this paper proposes educational changing factors to be considered for future technology-based STEAM education.

In this study, articles of the science and technology field that had been monitored for the period from 2002 to 2013 using GTB (Global Trends Briefing) were analyzed. Specifically, the VOSviewer was used to analyze the annual science and technology trends by keyword and the science and technology standard-classification information indicated in the GTB articles, and the convergence trends were therefore monitored. The findings of this study show that active studies were under way in the fields of material science and new and renewable energy, and that convergence has progressed. This result indicates that the information of the articles on papers and patents is more reliable, as it can reflect the current trends more rapidly in the science and technology field than the paper information or the patent information that is traditionally used in analyses of science and technology information.

Blockchain is a decentralized network in which data blocks are linked. Through a decentralized peer-to-peer network, users can create shared databases, resulting in a trustworthy and aggregated database known as a blockchain that enhances reliability and security. The distributed nature of the blockchain enables data to be stored on multiple nodes, eliminating the need for a central server or platform. This disintermediation significantly reduces the transaction and administrative costs. The blockchain is particularly valuable in applications where reliability and stability are critical because it establishes an open database that ensures data integrity, making it virtually impossible to tamper with or falsify data. This study explores the diverse applications of the blockchain technology in virtual assets, such as cryptocurrency, decentralized finance, central bank digital currency, nonfungible tokens, and metaverses. In addition, it analyzes the potential prospects and developments driven by these innovative technologies.

The purpose of this study is to compare research trends in the information and communication technology (ICT) field between North and South Korea and analyze the differences by using data mining. Frequency analysis, clustering, and network analysis were performed using keywords from seven South Korean and two North Korean ICT academic journals published for five years (2015-2019). In the case of South Korea (S. Korea), the frequency of research on image processing and wireless communication was high at 16.7% and 16.3%, respectively. North Korea (N. Korea) had a high frequency of research, in the order of 18.2% for image processing, 16.9% for computer/Internet applications/security, and 16.4% for industrial technology. N. Korea's natural language processing (NLP) sector was 11.9%, far higher than S. Korea's 0.7 percent. Student education is a unique subject that is not clustered in S. Korea. In order to promote exchanges between the two Koreas in the ICT field, the following specific policies are proposed. Joint research will be easily possible in the image processing sector, with the highest research rate in both Koreas. Technical cooperation of medical images is required. If S. Korea's high-quality image source is provided free of charge to N. Korea, research materials can be enriched. In the field of NLP, it calls for proposing exchanges such as holding a Korean language information conference, developing a Korean computer operating system. The field of student education encourages support for remote education contents and management know-how, as well as joint research on student remote evaluation.

Since most studies for estimating an angle-of-arrival (AOA) based on the antenna array have considered the antenna array with a single configuration, they are not proper to simultaneously estimate AOAs of multiple signals with various frequencies. In this paper, we introduce a cascade AOA estimation technique consisting of CAPON and Beamspace Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), based on a Combined Array Antenna (CAA) with Uniform Rectangular Frame Array (URFA) and Uniform Circular Array (UCA), for enhancing the above problem. In addition, we provide the computational complexity analysis for showing the low computational complexity of this technique comparing to the conventional technique.

Purpose: This study aimed to define key research ethics and publication policy areas and assess policy disclosure among journals hosted on the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) academic publishing platform. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional content analysis of journal policy documents. Fifteen policy areas were identified based on international guidelines, domestic reports, prior studies, and publisher policies related to artificial intelligence (AI) and data sharing. Policies from 181 journals were collected on July 10, 2025, and each journal was coded according to whether each policy area was disclosed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize disclosure overall and according to subject field, access model, and indexing status. Results: Journals disclosed a mean of 8.29 policy areas out of 15. Five journals disclosed none of the areas, whereas three disclosed all 15. The most frequently disclosed areas were copyright (158 of 181, 87.3%) and duplicate publication (157 of 181, 86.7%), followed by plagiarism, authorship, and sanctions for misconduct. Emerging governance policies were uncommon: only 5 journals disclosed an AI policy, and 29 disclosed a data sharing policy. When present, AI policies addressed non-authorship, disclosure requirements, scope limitations, accountability, and restrictions on reviewer use. Disclosure rates varied across disciplines, with medicine and pharmacy journals showing the highest rates overall. Open access journals generally disclosed more policy areas than subscription journals, whereas indexing status showed no consistent pattern. Conclusion: Policy disclosure among journals hosted on the KISTI academic publishing platform remains incomplete and uneven, particularly with respect to AI and data sharing. To address these gaps, journals should adopt standardized policy templates and receive targeted platform-supported guidance to strengthen research ethics and publication governance in Korea.

Purpose: With the development of sports science, some major sports have made significant progress over the past few years by introducing big data analysis technology. Whereas, fitness sports events that are closer to the general public, such as weight training, are slow to use big data analysis techniques to increase the accuracy and precision of exercise methods. This study aimed to review the current big data analysis technology and discuss sports scientific application methods that can be used in the fitness field. Methods: A total of 10 articles related to big data published within the last ten years in sports science and medical fields were reviewed, and key contents were summarized to suggest a future fitness exercise case using big data and sports scientific research methodology. Results: The successful use of big data analysis in the sports field requires core technologies, including data collection ans storage, analysis algorithm accuracy, user experience-based interface, network protocols and security etc. As a result of reviewing all articles, an integrated platform was derived that technically provides a function of coaching and notifying accurate posture in 3D model simulation while capturing trainee's posture and movements in real time during fitness exercise, and in terms of research methodology, it was confirmed that the integrated big data platform needs to be verified through randomized controlled studies on bodybuilding performance, health fitness level, quality of life, and user satisfaction etc. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that advanced industries and services can be expected by using big data analysis technology in fitness sports in the future, and technical and clinical verification should be actively conducted academically.

The objective of this paper is to identify factors influencing intention to use ubiquitous banking service focusing on potential users using a regression model. Through this, providers of ubiquitous banking services can get an idea of future development, including marketing strategy through the results of this analysis. This paper proposes that perceived usefulness is the most important factor influencing the uptake of ubiquitous service. Also in addition, ANOVA test shows that higher education level of the user can lead to the higher intention to use an ubiquitous banking service. In this study, we set up a model by using the most basic factor among influential factors presented in previous studies as an independent variable. However, other research variables which affect acceptance of ubiquitous service should be considered by thinking more diversely.

냉장고에서 서리는 정말 심각한 문제이다. 냉장고가 서리가 끼면 공기 순환이 어려워 지고 냉매 효율이 떨어지게 된다. 냉장고의 주요 부품중 하나인 증발기는 냉매의 증발 잠열을 이용해 고내온도를 냉각시키는 부품이다. 그 특징상 증발기의 표면온도는 영하 수십도까지 떨어진다. 냉각사이클의 구동시 도어의 계폐 등 외기의 유입에 인해 습기가 증발기 표면에 침투하면 서리가 착상하는 문제가 생긴다. 그러나 서리를 제거하는 제상과정에서 냉각사이클의 구동이 멈추고 발열이 일어나므로 고내온도 상승과 냉각사이클 효율 저하라는 문제가 있다. 또한 상당히 많은 전력사용으로 인해 소비전력 상승의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 제상기술을 서리착상 방지와 서리제거 두가지 측면으로 나누어 조사하였다.

Evaporator which is the one of most important parts of refrigerator uses evaporation latent heat when it cooling inside of refrigerator and the temperature of evaporator surface falls down subzero. In this operating process, frost occur on the surface from the influx of outdoor air, which disturbs the exchange of heat as well as the flow of cold flow in the evaporator. Therefore it should be removed by defrost system. However commonly used defrost system needs the stop of cooling cycle and causes high temperature inside of the refrigerator, which falls down cooling efficiency. Also additional use of electricity for the defrost increase the energy efficiency rating. In this paper, the defrost technologies were searched and classified in two ways, structure and control aspects and each was divided into prevention and removal of the frost.

The most widely excavated iron artifacts used as weapons or farm tools from central southern regions of Korea were subjects of non-metallic inclusion analysis through metallographic examination, microhardness measurement, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through metallographic interpretation and study of the analyzed results, the steel manufacturing and iron smelting using heat processing in the iron artifacts excavated from the central southern region of the ancient Korean peninsula was studied, and the analysis of the non-metallic inclusions mixed within the metallic structures was interpreted as the ternary phase diagram of the oxide to infer the type of iron ores for the iron products and the temperature of the furnace used to smelt them. Most of the ancient forged iron artifacts showed Al2O3/SiO2 with high SiO2 contents and relatively low Al2O3 contents for iron ore, indicating t hat for Al2O3 below 5%, it is presumed that magnetic iron ores were reduced to bloom iron (sponge iron) with direct-reduction process for production. The temperature for extraction of wustite for Al2O3 below 1% was found to be 1,020∼1,05 0℃. Considering the oxide ternary constitutional diagram of glassy inclusions, the steel-manufacturing temperature was presumed to have been near 1,150∼1,280℃ in most cases, and minimum melting temperature of casting iron part excavated in Daeseong-ri. Gyeonggi was near 1,400℃, and it is thought that hypoeutectic cast iron of about 2.3% carbon was casted and fragility of cast iron was improved by decarburizing in solid state.

The increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions driven by climate change has elevated the advancement of wildfire response technologies to a national priority. This study analyzes the current status of South Korea’s wildfire management technology from a technical perspective and, by comparing it with technology adoption cases in major developed countries—namely the United States, Canada, the European Union (EU), Australia, and Japan—aims to identify strengths and areas for improvement in Korea’s wildfire management system. The comparative analysis employed a four-layer technological framework consisting of: (1) satellite-based technologies, (2) drones and robots, (3) ground sensors and cameras, and (4) AI, prediction, and digital twins. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 40 wildfire field experts to collect and analyze field-centered technical improvement needs. The findings indicate that South Korea has high technological maturity in ICT platforms, AI-based ground monitoring, and predictive modeling; however, technological gaps with leading nations remain of wildfire-dedicated satellites and nationwide integrated operation of autonomous and swarm drone and robot systems. In-depth interviews with field experts identified limited accessibility in mountainous terrain and confusion in communication among response agencies as key constraints. Based on these findings, this study proposes five policy directions: establishing an integrated public-private satellite data service, building a nationwide wildfire detection sensor and AI camera-drone integrated operation system, developing a Korea-type wildfire digital twin, formulating a pre- and early-stage wildfire proactive response strategy, and expanding mountainous terrain-specialized robotic operations. The results are expected to provide directional guidance for advancing South Korea’s wildfire management technological framework in an evolving disaster environment and to lay the groundwork for future international cooperation and technology export.

Slag was collected from the iron-producing furnace site in Saengsoegol, Baegun mountain, where iron was manufactured by a righteous army against Japan in the Gwangyang region; then, the iron-manufacturing technique of the early modern period was investigated through scientific analysis. In the microstructure analysis results of the selected samples, iron bloom was mainly observed together with magnetite and fayalite. In the component analysis results of the compounds, it was confirmed that the furnace was built by using gangue of alkali feldspar or plagioclase series, and the ironmaking work was performed at a high temperature of at least 1050°C, because mullite was identified together with cristobalite and hercynite. Based on the chemical composition, it was speculated that low-grade iron ores were used as raw materials, and it seemed that the yield was low, because the total Fe content of the smelting slag samples was 37.72-49.93%. It was difficult to confirm whether a slag former was used, and it seemed that materials easily obtained nearby were used when the furnace was built, without considering the corrosion resistance. It appeared that the ironmaking work was performed at the Gwangyang Saengsoegol iron-producing furnace based on the direct ironmaking method in an environment that could escape the vigilance of the Japanese Empire to produce weapons that would be used for the resistance against Japan. It seemed that there was neither an advanced ironware production system nor a mass production system, and small-scale works were performed in short periods of time.

As the fashion industry grows, there is a critical need for effective digital marketing training for new employees. This pilot study aims to enhance novice training by analyzing expert’s behavior and judgments. Particularly, it aims to identify challenges faced by novices and examines the strategies professionals employ to overcome them. By utilizing job-task analytics, this study revealed expert decision-making and revealed judgment process. Semi-structured interviews and observation from eye tracking technology are used in data collection from fashion industry practitioners as a target group. The results showed that novices have a different area of attention pattern than experts due to lack of experience. These insights provide insights a useful guide for novices to become experts in digital marketing field.

기후의 변동성과 불확실성이 증가하면서 저수지의 붕괴 사고가 매년 발생하고 있으며, 저수지 붕괴 로 인한 사회적 경제적 손실 발생에 따라 국민편의 및 국가적 안보에 영향을 미친다. 특히 지자체 중소규모 저수지의 경우 홍수조절능력이 부족하고 전문인력과 관리능력이 미흡하여 인명 및 재산피 해가 우려된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자료 조사활동을 통하여 집중호우에 따른 94건의 저수지 붕괴 사례를 구축하였고 1970년까지 준공된 30만 톤 이하 지자체 중소규모 저수지 11,395개를 대상으로 재원특성과 형상학적 특성의 12개 항목을 4개의 범주로 구분하여 각 범주별 붕괴사고 빈도를 분석하 였다. 각 도출된 붕괴특성 범주에 속하는 저수지는 109개 시군 지자체 1,014개 저수지로 도출되었으 며 긴급방류기술과 재원정보간의 관계분석을 통하여 109개의 시군 지자체 964개 저수지가 도출되었 다. 본 연구는 붕괴 우려가 있는 특성범주의 저수지를 도출하여 긴급대응 시 한정된 기술의 적용용 이성 설정함으로 전국 지자체 저수지의 재난운영체계의 기초적인 정보로써 활용하고자 하였다.

As climate variability and uncertainty are increased, reservoir(dam) collapse occurs every each year, and social and economic losses due to the collapse of reservoirs affect the convenience and national security of the people. In particular, there are a lot of concern about human lives and property damage in small and medium-sized reservoirs of local governments which are lack of flood control capabilities and lack of professional manpower for the management. In this study, 94 cases of reservoir collapse data caused by localized heavy rain, were constructed. And 12 categories based on specific and geometrical characteristics were classified into four categories, for 11,395 small and medium-sized reservoirs under 300,000 tons completed by 1970. The 1,014 reservoirs in 109 municipalities derived into the collapse characteristic category. Finally, the 964 reservoirs were derived, through relationship analysis between emergency discharge technology and specific information of reservoir. Although this study results are able to used as basic information on the disaster management operation system of local governments by deriving risky reservoirs from this data analysis and classification system.