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It is clinically important to modify the dose of a nephrotoxic medication in the renal impairment patient for the appropriate therapeutic efficacy and prevention of an unnecessary adverse event. In our hospital, there is a recommended Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) which works by recommending a dose modification as required, which is based on the patient’s Creatinine Clearance (CrCl). Its clinical impact was explored in this study. From January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2012, the prescription pattern changes were analyzed among the identified outpatient population who had received the first CDSS warning, but who were treated with the same medication in the previous 6 months in terms of prescription change rate and appropriate dose modification rate. Additionally, we analyzed which factor most impacted the doctor’s prescription behaviors from the following factors: patient age, severity of renal function, medication class, medication’s CrCl criteria required dose-adjustment, the difference between medication’s CrCl crite-ria required dose-adjustment and the patient’s CrCl. The total of 361 cases were analyzed in this study. The prescription change rate was 13.3% (48/361), and the noted appropriate dose modification rate was 77.8% (14/18). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the nephrotoxic medication class and the difference between the medication’s CrCl criteria required dose-adjustment and the patient’s CrCl were the major determinants changed doctor’s prescription behaviors. Among the nephrotoxic medications class, it is noted that the antimicrobials were highly impacted on the prescription behavior referenced against anti-histamines (Odds ratio 4.46, 95% confidence interval 1.421 to 13.998, p = 0.0104). When the difference between the medication’s CrCl criteria required dose-adjustment and the patient’s CrCl became noted as larger than 20, as comparing with less (or equal) than 10, the doctors were apt to change their prescriptions more frequently (Odds ratio 5.013, 95% confidence interval 1.549 to 16.219, p=0.0071). In the future, in order to be more helpful to the patients and doctors through the distribution of CDSS information, it would be highly beneficial to have a system which can provide an appropriate dose and alert the clinicians according to the patient’s clinical situation, based on the patient’s renal function and medication dose appropriateness.

Investors aim to increase their profitability by investing in the stock market. An adroit strategy for minimizing related risk lies through diversifying portfolio operationalization. In this paper, we propose a six-step stocks portfolio selection model. This model is based on data mining clustering techniques that reflect the ensuing impact of the political, economic, legal, and corporate governance in Mongolia. As a dataset, we have selected stock exchange trading price, financial statements, and operational reports of top-20 highly capitalized stocks that were traded at the Mongolian Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. In order to cluster the stock returns and risks, we have used k-means clustering techniques. We have combined both k-means clustering with Markowitz's portfolio theory to create an optimal and efficient portfolio. We constructed an efficient frontier, creating 15 portfolios, and computed the weight of stocks in each portfolio. From these portfolio options, the investor is given a choice to choose any one option.

In this paper, an unmanned automation system for harvesting chili peppers through image recognition in the color space is proposed. We developed a cutting-edge technology in terms of convergence between information and communication technology (ICT) and agriculture. Agriculture requires a lot of manpower and entails hard work by the laborers. In this study, we developed an autonomous application that can obtain the head coordinates of a chili pepper using image recognition based on the OpenCV library. As an alternative solution to labor shortages in rural areas, a robot-based chili pepper harvester is proposed as a convergence technology between ICT and agriculture requiring hard labor. Although agriculture is currently a very important industry for human workers, in the future, we expect robots to have the capability of harvesting chili peppers autonomously.

A decision support system for determining reservoir capacity, named as KORESIDSS (KOwaco's REservoir SIzing Decision Support System), was developed. The system is composed of three subsystems; a database/information subsystem, a model subsystem, and an output subsystem. This system is operated using MS-Windows with a GUI (Graphic User Interface) system developed using Visual Basic 5.0. As a continuous runoff model, the DAWAST model (DAily WAtershed STreamflow model) developed by Noh(1991) was and its analysis module was developed. This system was applied to a newly-planned dam, the Cheongyan Dam, Which will be located in Cheongyang-Gun, Chungcheongnam-Do and it was proved to be applicable in determining reservoir storage.

The present thesis is on a construction of the system which supports exhibition evaluation of curators, which automatically collects, keeps, and totalizes objective data on visitor behavior in museums, and which comprehensively displays the results by tables and graphs. The system is composed by access points and mobile exhibition exposition devices in the museum operating together. Obtainable visitor information include a user number, an average staying period, contents use hour, and exhibition viewing frequency. Prototype experiment at museums shows that the system is effective in efficient data collection and exhibition evaluation and is expected to become an information collecting tool for visitor research and an exhibition evaluation tool for exhibition improvement.

Purpose: Based on the frequency of postembolization syndrome (PES) after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE), early detection and management of symptoms should be standardized and can besupported by a clinical decision support system (CDSS). This study aims to develop a CDSS for PES afterTACE and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: CDSS was developed through phases of intelligence, design, selection, and implementationusing machine learning. A randomized controlled trial with a non-synchronized pre- and post-test wasemployed to test its effectiveness. Interventions included a handbook developed by the researchers forthe control group (n ¼ 8) and a smartphone-based CDSS for PES management as well as the handbook forthe experimental group (n ¼ 10) for 6 weeks. Symptom management and barriers, patient-centeredcaring attitude, and comfort care competence were evaluated at pre-intervention, immediately postintervention,and 8 weeks post-intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ManneWhitney U, Chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The CDSS primarily exhibited the ability to provide risk prediction for PES and care recommendationsfor symptom management. The evaluation of the CDSS effects revealed that while it changednursing practice over a relatively short period of time, it did not change attitudes or competencies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the machine learning-based CDSS improved decision-makingaccuracy and efficiency in clinical settings. The development and implementation of the CDSS can offernurses a tangible tool to enhance symptom management and reduce barriers for patients receiving TACE.

Planting intercropping in rubber plantations is another alternative for generating more income for farmers. However, farmers still lack the knowledge of choosing plants. In addition, information for decision making comes from many sources and is knowledge accumulated by the expert. Therefore, this research aims to create a decision support system for growing rubber trees for individual farmers. It aims to get the highest income and the lowest cost by using semantic web technology so that farmers can access knowledge at all times and reduce the risk of growing crops, and also support the decision supporting system (DSS) to be more intelligent. The integrated intercropping ontology and rule are a part of the decision-making process for selecting plants that is suitable for individual rubber plots. A list of suitable plants is important for decision variables in the allocation of planting areas for each type of plant for multiple purposes. This article presents designing and developing the intercropping ontology for DSS which defines a class based on the principle of intercropping in rubber plantations. It is grouped according to the characteristics and condition of the area of the farmer as a concept of the rubber plantation. It consists of the age of rubber tree, spacing between rows of rubber trees, and water sources for use in agriculture and soil group, including slope, drainage, depth of soil, etc. The use of ontology for recommended plants suitable for individual farmers makes a contribution to the knowledge management field. Besides being useful in DSS by offering options with accuracy, it also reduces the complexity of the problem by reducing decision variables and condition variables in the multi-objective optimization model of DSS.

The objective of this study was to develop a GIS-based decision support system (GIS-USLE system) to estimate soil erosion and evaluate its effect on concentrated upland plots in Godang district, Korea. This system was developed for the ArcView environment using A VENUE script. Three modules were used in the GIS-USLE system, namely pre-processing, the USLE factors calculator module, and post-processing. This system benefits from a user friendly environment that allows users with limited computer knowledge to use it. This system was applied to 1,285 individual upland plots ranging from 0.005 to 1.347 ha in size with an average slope steepness of 14 %. The rainfall distributions were estimated using the three methods, namely Mononobe and Yen-Chow with Triangle and with Trapezoid type, and then used to calculate the rainfall erosivity factor. The soil erosion amounts from the 1,285 individual plots in the study area by 2 year return period with a 24h maximum rainfall amount of 154.6 mm were estimated at 5 tons/ha on average. Slope appeared to be the most important factor affecting soil erosion estimation, as expected. The prototype model was applied to the project area, and the results appeared to support the practical applications. By examining many fields simultaneously, this system can easily provide fast estimation of soil erosion and thus reveal the spatial pattern of erosion from fields in a region. This study will help estimate and evaluate soil erosion in concentrated upland districts and identify the best management practices.

This paper describes design and development of a system that supports continuous creation of hazard maps by local residents in their daily life. We made an interview survey to design our system in a model traditional town in Saga, Japan. The results show that in spite of continuous efforts, many practical problems remain and residents feel unsafe. Based on these results, we designed and developed a unique ICT-based support system which contributes to community-based disaster prevention/reduction. The continuous resident participation and posting design are core concept for our sustainable community-based approach. Our system continues to support making a hazard map by integrating the community-based hazard information. Local residents register information about the spot (disaster types, a risk level, a photograph, comments, positional information) that can be dangerous in case of disaster. We have evaluated the usefulness and possibilities of our prototype system implemented as an iOS application.

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of wearable complex muscle support system on energy efficiency during walking in elderly. Design: Cross sectional study Methods: Twenty healthy elderly participated in this study. All subjects performed a 6 minuteswalk test(6MWT) and stair climbing test in dual, slack and no suit conditions. In each condition, oxygen consumption(VO₂), metabolic equivalents(METs), energy expenditure measures(EEm), physiological cost index(PCI), walking velocity and heartrate were measured. Through repeated measured ANOVA, it was investigated whether there was a statistically significant difference in the measurement results between the three conditions. Results: In over-ground walking, VO₂, METs and EEm showed significant differences between no suit and slack conditions(p<0.05). In stair climbing, VO₂ showed significant difference between slack and dual conditions(p<0.05). Also, METs and EEm showed significant differences between no suit and slack, and between slack and dual conditions(p<0.05). Conclusions: Wearing the wearable complex muscle support system for elderly does not have much benefit in energy metabolism efficiency in over-ground, but there is a benefit in stair walking.

Record management, especially in schools as an institution's information centre, needs serious attention from government agencies. Under record management policy, there needs to be practical guidance on record management specific to schools. This paper aims to construct a record management model based on the Eight Indonesian Education Standards to support school accountability in Indonesia. The urgency of this paper in filling the gap in the Electronic Record Management System (ERMS) role is primarily to support school accountability. It is important to include educational laws and regulations in Indonesia to be a foundation in archive management, including preparing the ERMS. This study aims to develop a model of record management in schools. The final stage in this research is to find the final model. The final model is a model that experts and practitioners have validated. A total of 30 records managers were selected for the interviews. Furthermore, the trial was carried out in 30 senior high schools. The research sampling consisted of representatives of archive managers at selected schools from five islands in Indonesia (Kalimantan, Java, Papua, Sumatra, and Sulawesi). Our research findings show that conceptual models meet valid criteria and significantly impact archivist performance in better schools. The practical implication is that the archival management model based on national education standards policies contributes to practical archives and records management to support school accountability.

재난 및 안전에서의 취약성이 높고 회복력이 낮아 피해가 큰 재난안전취약계층의 지원체계의 문제점에 대해 분석하고, 법적 · 제도적 · 실천적 개선방안을 마련하고자 한다. 재난안전취약계층에 대한 지원에서 법적 · 제도적 문제점은 첫째 재난안전취약계층의 개념 및 범위의 불명확성과 제한성, 둘째, 재난안전취 약계층의 지원에 대한 제한적 법규정, 셋째, 재난안전취약계층의 재난안전 손실에 대한 측정의 문제, 넷째, 재난안전취약계층의 맞춤형 제도 및 지원체계 부족을 들 수 있다. 재난안전취약계층의 피해를 최소화하고 회복력을 높이기 위한 법적 · 제도적 대한 개선방안으로 첫째, 재난안전취약계층의 개념정립 과 범위의 확대와 함께 통합적 안전관리 법제화, 둘째, 재난안전취약계층의 재난안전 대응단계별 지원체 계 마련과 법제화, 셋째, 재난안전취약계층의 피해 측정 및 체계적 관리, 넷째, 재난안전취약계층의 맞춤형 제도 및 지원체계와 지역사회의 민관협력 구축이 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of the support system for the disaster safety vulnerable group and prepare legal, institutional, and practical improvement plans. The legal and institutional problems in support for the disaster safety vulnerable class are: first, the unclear and limited concept and scope of the disaster safety vulnerable class, second, the limited legal stipulations for support for the disaster safety vulnerable class, third, the problem of measuring the loss by disaster and finally lack of the customized and support system for the disaster safety vulnerable group. A legal and institutional improvement strategy to minimize damage and increase resilience of the disaster safety vulnerable class is as follows: first, the establishment of the concept and expansion of the scope of the disaster safety vulnerable class, and enact integrated safety management legislation; second, the establishment and legislation of customized support systems for each disaster response stage; third, systemic measurement and management of damage; and fourth, public-private cooperation with local communities for the vulnerable in disaster safety.

본 연구는 한국의 재해의연금 지원체계의 개선방향을 모색하고자, 미국과 일본의 재해의연금 지급체계에 대하여 정부의 개입방식, 기탁자의 의사 반영, 의연금의 사용, 지원체계의 네 가지 차원으로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 인터뷰 조사를 통하여 수집하였으며, 이를 토대로 국내의 의연금 지원제도 상에서 적용한 가능한 지원체계의 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 특히, 의연금 지급 원칙의 수립 필요성과 방향, 지원방법과 내용의 개선과제를 제안하였다.

Many activities are going on in the field of disasters not only for helping disaster victims recover from damages caused by disasters but also for raising relief donations to console the victims. One of important issues related to the distribution of relief donations is the construction of an efficient support system for improving current relief donation distribution, setting new directions to of relief donation distribution programs for various relief activities, and criteria, methods and operation for the fair and quick distribution of relief donations. Based on problems in the Korean relief donation management system, this study examined the background and systems of relief donation distribution in the U.S. and Japan and conducted a case study in order to suggest strategies for the efficient distribution of relief donations in Korea. Based on the results of this study, we suggested future tasks for improving the efficiency of relief donation distribution in Korea as follows: First, establishing rational criteria for relief donation distribution. Second, improving the direct support systems of relief donations. Third, improving efficiency related to indirect support. In addition, this study suggested short- and long-term improvements including the continuity of cash support, the necessity of emergency relief support, the preparation of long-term plans, the institutionalization of relief donation distribution, and the diversification of relief services contents.

재난약자 및 재난 특성에 따라 여성가족부, 보건복지부, 행정안전부 등 소관 부처에 따라 개별적 정책 수립 및 지원이 이루어지고 있다. 또한 재난발생시 대응 및 복구 과정에서의 재난약자에 대한 지원 대책도 갖추고 있지 않다. 이에 이 연구는 재난약자에 대한 지원체계 개선 방안 제시를 목적으로 하고 있다. 또한 연구 목적 달성을 위해, 미국, 일본 등 재난관리 선진국의 재난약자 보호 및 지원을 위한 제도 및 체계를 비교분석하여 그 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해, 이 연구는 우리나라의 재난약자 지원 현황을 분석하였으며, 외국의 재난약자 지원체계 사례를 분석하여 시사점 을 도출하였다. 이 연구는 해외사례에서 도출된 시사점을 바탕으로 우리나라의 재난약자 지원체계 개선을 위한 3가지 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째 법령체계 개선과 관련하여 재난약자 관련 대상 및 업무의 명확화와 지방자치단체의 재난약자 지원 관련 조례의 개선을 제시하였다. 둘째, 재난약자 피해경감을 위하여, 재난약자 신속 대피지원 강화, 재난약자 지원을 위한 공공 및 민간 조직간 협력 강화 등이 요구된다. 셋째, 노인, 장애인, 영유아 등에 따라 주관하는 부처 및 부서가 다르기 때문에 통합적 지원체계 구축에는 어려움이 있다. 이에 재난약자 지원체계는 재난약자 지원관련 계획 수립 및 교육은 각 개별기관에서 진행하며, 지원에 필요한 인력⋅예산⋅장비 등은 총괄기관에서 담당하는 방향으로 구축하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

The policy design and implementation processes for vulnerable populations in disasters are scattered across various governmental agencies in Korea including the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, depending on the type of the vulnerable and the nature of the disaster. Moreover, there is no effective strategy to assist the vulnerable during the processes of disaster response and recovery. Therefore, this study aims to improve the support system for the victims of disasters in Korea by analyzing and comparing the U.S. and Japanese systems of protecting and supporting the vulnerable. Based on the lessons from the two countries, we analyze the current status of disaster support system in Korea and draw implications for policymakers and practitioners in Korea. In conclusion, the study suggests several measures to improve the support system for the vulnerable in Korea, including legal reform, organizational reconstruction, and clear identification of tasks and responsibilities among relevant government agencies.

본 연구는 재난안전취약계층 또는 재난안전약자에 대한 지원시스템의 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 재난안전관리 담당공무원 및 전문가들을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였 다. 실증분석 결과, 첫째, 재난 및 안전에 취약한 대상에 대한 용어의 일원화가 필요(46.7%)하며, 그 용어로 는 재난안전약자가 가장 적합(44.8%)한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 재난안전약자를 위한 법제화가 필요(81.9%) 하며, 방안으로는 재난 및 안전관리 기본법의 개정(55.2%)으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 재난 및 안전에 가장 취약한 대상으로는 장애인(41.0%), 어린이(29.5%), 고령자(22.9%) 순으로 나타났으며, 넷째, 재난 및 안전관리를 위한 공공의 역할로는 법제도(46.7%), 실전훈련 및 교육(21.0%) 순이었다. 다섯째, 재난 안전 약자에 대한 정책방안에 대해서는 재난안전약자의 특수성을 고려한 재난안전관리의 필요성(53.3%)과 재난안전약자를 위한 전담부서의 필요성(57.1%)에 대해 높은 응답을 보였다. 끝으로 재난안전약자 관련 법 제·개정에 있어서는 전문인력 확보(41.1%)와 관련 지원예산(28.6%) 확보가 중요하며, 재난안전 약 자를 위한 평상시 준비로는 정보전달(35.2%)과 교육 및 실전훈련(27.6%)이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다.

This study aims to propose a plan for support systems for disaster vulnerable population in Korea. The findings from the survey of civil servants and experts on disaster safety policy were as follows: first, there is a need of standardizing the terminology (46.7%), and the most appropriate term is “disaster vulnerable” population (44.8%). Second, the legislation is required for vulnerable population (81.9%), particularly the revision of the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety (55.2%). Third, the most vulnerable groups are the disabled (41.0%), children (29.5%) and the aged (22.9%). Fourth, the roles of the public sector for disaster and safety management are legislation (46.7%) and practical training and education (21.0%). Fifth, the policy alternatives recommended include consideration of special conditions of vulnerable population (53.3%) and operation of the department exclusively dedicated to vulnerable population (57.1%). Lastly, securing professional staff (41.1%) and relevant budget (28.6%) is imperative.

Social network analysis is a rapidly emerging field of research, active since the early 2000s. This research proposes the formulation of a decision support system-based integration of social network analysis and change detection techniques. The social network under study is an email dataset of former US Secretary of State Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton via her personal and official email addresses. In the year 2015, Hillary Clinton was facing controversies for using personal email accounts for non-governmental purposes while she was serving as the United States Secretary of State. Some political experts and competitors maintain that Clinton's use of personal email accounts to conduct Secretary of State Affairs violates protocols and federal laws that assure convenient record keeping of government activity. There have been some lawsuits filed over the freedom of information to release Clinton's emails sent and received over her private server over the State Department's failure. August 31st on Monday, the State Department released nearly 7,000 pages of Clinton's heavily updated emails (its biggest release of emails to date). The documents were released as PDFs by the State Department. In this research, we use the NodeXL tool for analyzing the emails from 2011-2012 for checking the Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, Eigenvectors and Page rank. Although many people have done much work on this topic but in this research, we use the NodeXL tool to check Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, Eigenvectors and Page rank for more accuracy of all the above factors. This research employs a cleaned, normalized and preprocessed CSV version of the dataset retrieved from the online dataset repository.

This study investigated the policy characteristics in the extension of the disaster management policy for the socially disadvantaged based on the characteristics of safety management in the US building safety management and fire fighting laws. Since the purpose of preparing an evacuation system in case of fire for the socially disadvantaged is to establish a tight safety net that considers the various disaster vulnerabilities of the socially underprivileged, rather than finding a consensus at the general level, a sufficient discussion process was prepared and should be sufficiently reflected the positions and problems of the socially disadvantaged group. And it is necessary for the subject of preparing the safety management plan or evacuation plan to prepare a plan that takes into account the fundamental characteristics of the socially disadvantaged of the facility or the structural characteristics of the building. Finally, it is necessary to periodically check the safety management plan and the effectiveness of evacuation measures in the facility through scenario-based training involving socially disadvantaged groups.