Earticle

In the automotive industry, the platinum titanium anodes (Pt/Ti anode) play a significant role in electroplating of chromium coating on the vehicle’s shock absorber piston rod. In this paper, the structure of Pt/Ti anode was designed to obtain high quality and save time for the electroplating process. The structure of anode was designed in 2D & 3D modeling and analyzed by CATIA and ABAQUS program, respectively. The structural modeling of the anode was analyzed and carried out using a finite element method (FEM) by applied various loads. The manufacture anodes were installed in an electroplating bath in order to test the efficiency of chromium coating on shock absorber piston rod and safety of anode structure. The results presented indicate that the structural analysis is safe after applied loads due to the allowable stress is higher than the maximum equivalent stress about 4 times, and the chromium coating test obtained high-efficiency results.

In this study the structure analysis of tapping machine is developed to improve dynamic characteristics. To this purpose a tapping m/c is mathematically modelled and dynamic response analysis of the model are investigated by use of Finite Element Method(FEM). The investigation procedures are as follows. The finite element modelling of the tapping m/c is done with triangular and rectangular plate elements and each node of the elements has 6 degrees of freedom. And this model is idealized as a forced vibration system under impulse load by cutting force. Model parameters, natural frequency and mode shape, and dynamic response for displacement and stress are analyzed by use of mode superposition method. To reduce computing time of dynamic response analysis, lower vibration mode is analyzed with master-DOF and mass participation factor. In this case maximum relative displacement is occured at 17.483 Hz in the right column.

In this study, the design of the lower arm, a type of suspension for a 4 wheel drive vehicle, was dealt with through structural analysis. In the case of the existing lower arm, cracks occurred in the neck, so it is necessary to reduce the maximum stress in order to extend the life of the analysis model. Based on this, various design changes were made, and the maximum stress generated was compared through structural analysis of each design change model. For structural analysis, a unit load (1N) was applied in the vertical direction to the lower arm model, and the results were analyzed relative to each other. As a result of analysis through various design changes, case 3, a model in which the stress concentration applied to the lower arm was relieved, showed an increase in strength of about 51% compared to the existing model.

전 세계적인 탄소중립 기조에 따라 해상풍력발전의 중요성이 증대되고 있으나, 설치 전용 선박(WTIV)의 높은 운용 비용은 균등화발전비용(LCOE) 상승의 주된 원인이 되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 WTIV 없이 10MW급 고정식 해상풍력 발전기의 설치 및 유지보수가 가능한 상하부 일괄설치 하부구조용 잭킹시스템(Jacking system)의 구조 안전성을 평가하였다. DNV 선급 규정을 기반으로 폰툰 하부구조의 승·하강 및 고정, 그리고 극한 폭풍 조건을 포함한 총 10가지의 설계 하중 조건을 도출하였 다. 유한요소해석(FEA)을 수행하여 각 하중 조건에서의 잭킹시스템 주요 부재의 응력 및 변형 거동을 분석하였다. 해석 결과, 모든 하중 조건에서 발생한 최대 von-Mises 응력은 선급 규정의 허용응력을 만족하였다. 특히 가장 가혹한 조건인 평형수 탑재 하강 조 건(LC-9)과 폭풍 생존 조건(LC-10)에서도 안전마진이 확보됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 설계된 잭킹시스템은 10MW급 해 상풍력발전기의 일괄설치 및 운용에 적합한 구조적 건전성을 확보한 것으로 판단된다.

As the importance of offshore wind power grows for carbon neutrality, the high operational cost of Wind Turbine Installation Vessels (WTIV) has become a major factor increasing the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). To address this, this study evaluates the structural safety of a jacking system for an integrated installation substructure capable of installing and maintaining 10MW fixed offshore wind turbines without WTIVs. Based on DNV regulations, ten design load cases were derived, considering operations such as raising, holding, and lowering of the pontoon substructure, as well as severe storm conditions. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze the stress and deformation behavior of the jacking system under each load case. The results showed that the maximum von-Mises stress in all load cases satisfied the allowable stress criteria defined by the classification society rules. Specifically, sufficient safety margins were confirmed even under the most severe conditions: the lowering operation with full ballast (LC-9) and the storm survival condition (LC-10). Therefore, the jacking system designed in this study is verified to have structural integrity suitable for the integrated installation and operation of 10MW offshore wind turbines.

In this study, computer simulation of the drawbridge structure was performed to verify the validity of the design and to evaluate its safety. For this, the follower bracket was modeled, and the parts of the follower bracket were connected using 1D elements. The boundary condition applied moments to the rotation shaft of the girder gear in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and the connection between the upper parts was modeled using 1D elements to model the bolted connection. In case of rotational shaft deformation, an analysis was performed on the displacement occurring in the structure during the opening/closing operation. As a result of structural analysis of the follower bracket for various cases, the stress at the connection was lower than the tensile strength and yield strength, so it was evaluated as safe. Through this, we intend to use it as a data that can identify anomalies.

In this study, stiffness evaluation was conducted on the main member, front cross member, and rear cross member, which are three components of sub-frame for SUVs (sports utility vehicles), through mode analysis. As for the design variables used in the analysis, the maximum frequency was examined by varying the width and height of each of the three parts into four types. Of course, the weight at this time is minimized, and the mode is set as a constraint that only bending occurs and no distortion occurs. As a result of the analysis, the member affecting the 1st mode was the rear cross member, and the member having the greatest influence on the 2nd mode was the front cross member. In addition, the member with the greatest influence on the 3rd mode appeared as the rear cross member, indicating that this part had the greatest effect on the bending stiffness.

Butterfly valves have been used to control the flow rate of various fluids in many industries because it have unique manageability compare to other valves. However, when a defect occurs due to the failure of the backlash of the power transmission part and the pin breakage of the butterfly valve due to the absence of the design capability of the valve, it is difficult to analyze the cause and maintain it. In this paper, a study was conducted to secure the reliability of the valve by performing structural analysis and analysis using a 3D model of the product to manufacture a high-quality valve.

In this study, durability and reliability were verified by developing a compost crushing equipment for mushroom cultivation that can perform both the compost turning process and the rice straw grinding process. Structural analysis and vibration analysis were performed. The designed compost crusher is designed with sufficient strength within the range that satisfies the safety factor as a result of structural analysis. In the case of the basic frame, it is judged to have sufficient safety against various impacts that may occur during transport or operation. As a result of the performance evaluation of the compost grinding device, it was measured to be capable of crushing and turning 11,630kg of compost in one hour, and it showed excellent performance in terms of work volume and loadable height.

본 연구에서는 경차와 대형차의 중공축을 가진 스테빌라이저 모델들의 비틀림 강성과 내구성을 해석하여 서로 비교 및 검토하였다. Model 1이 가해진 모우멘트가 Model 2에 비하여 3배 이상이었지만 최대변형량은 2.6배 정도로 크게 나타났다. Model 1, Model 2 공히, 스테빌라이저 바 링크 목 부분에서 가장 많은 응력을 받는 것으로 보인다. 또한 Model 1의 최대응력은 Model 2보다 2.9배 정도로 크게 나타났다. 대형차에서의 Model 1이 소형차에서의 Model 2 보다 약 20배 이상의 변형 에너지를 보였다. 전반적으로 스테빌라이저의 변형 에너지보다 스테빌라이저 바를 고정해주는 모멘트를 가한 쪽의 브라켓 부분의 값이 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 본 연구에서의 해석 결과들은 경차나 대형차에서의 스테빌라이저의 내구성이 있는 부품으로서 그 융합연구 설계에 도움이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

In this study, the torsional rigidity and durability of the stabilizer models with the hollow axis of light and large sized cars were compared and investigated each other. Model 1 was applied with the moment more than three times as much as model 2, but the maximum deformation of model 1 was seen to be about 2.6 times larger than that of model 2. Commonly, models 1 and 2 are seen to get the most stress at the neck of stabilizer bar link. Also, the maximum stress of model 1 was about 2.9 times larger than that of model 2. Model 1 at large car showed more than 20 times more deformed energy than model 2 at small car. Overall, it could be examined that the deformation energy of the bracket part on the side where the moment fixing the stabilizer bar was applied was greater than that of the stabilizer. It is thought that the analysis results in this study can be helped at the design of its convergent research as a durable component of the stabilizer at a light or large sized car.

최근 항공 관련 산업이 활성화됨에 따라 복합재 해석 소프트웨어의 범용화가 요구되고 있다. 지금까지는 복합재 해석에 상용 소프트웨어를 주로 사용해 왔으나 고가의 가격과 제한적인 기능으로 인해 사용에 어려움을 겪어왔다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 해석 절차를 모두 온라인화하고 범용화한 면내 및 코너 부외 파손 자동 해석 소프트웨어가 최근에 개발되었다. 그러나 이들은 다중의 파손 기준으로 동시에 해석할 수 없는 단점이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 CUDA 코어를 장착 한 GPU에서만 동작하는 병렬 처리 플랫폼을 이용하여 다중의 파손 기준에 대한 해석을 동시에 처리하면서 처리 속도를 획기적으로 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 방대한 구조물 데이터에 대해서 해석 처리 속도를 실험하였을 때 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다.

As aerospace industry has been activated recently, it is required to commercialize composite analysis software. Until now, commercial software has been mainly used for analyzing composites, but it has been difficult to use due to high price and limited functions. In order to solve this problem, automatic analysis software for both in-plane and corner radius strength, which are all made on-line and generalized, has recently been developed. However, these have the disadvantage that they can not be analyzed simultaneously with multiple failure criteria. In this paper, we propose a method to greatly improve the processing speed while simultaneously handling the analysis of multiple failure criteria using a parallel processing platform that only works with a GPU equipped with a CUDA core. We have obtained satisfactory results when the analysis speed is experimented on the vast structure data.

In the agriculture of strawberry cultivation, it is necessary to loosening and breaking up of the intertwined coco peat and strawberry root in order to cultivate strawberry again. The main objective of this study is to design and analyze the structure of strawberry rotary device for using breaking up of coco peat and strawberry root. In order to perform crushing coco peat on the bed, the rotary device was designed under the weigh 20kg with the speed 11.75m/min, and it can operate on bed width from 250~310mm. Due to different depth of bed, the body of device also was designed screw holder to adjust the hight from 0~120mm. To evaluate the safety of structure, body device was analyzed in static and free vibration state by using Abaqus program. The device was applied maximum load 1177.2N, and the maximum equivalent stress was reached 41.9MPa. The free vibration analysis of two rotating cutter showed minimum natural frequency mode 338.58Hz and 339.9Hz. The results indicate that the designed rotary device was satisfied and has enough strength under design and simulation conditions.

본 논문은 ATV차량의 전면에 부착되는 범퍼의 구조적인 형상에 따른 수명평가를 피로해석을 토대로 연구하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 진동과 같이 반복적인 하중조건에 노출되는 범퍼의 특성의 파악하며, 여러 가지 피로 상황에서 발생되는 크랙의 위치를 사전에 파악하며 이를 보완하기 위함이다. 다목적 차량이 일반적인 포장도로가 아닌 비포장도로와 같은 험로를 주행하게끔 설계됨을 고려한다. 그리고 이러한 주행환경에 대한 수명평가 연구를 통해, 그 범퍼의 취약부위를 파악한다. 본 연구의 해석결과를 토대로 자동차 범퍼의 안전설계를 함으로서 내구성을 향상하고 설계에 있어 융합기술에 접목하여 그 미적인 감각을 나타낼 수 있다.

In this study, the life evaluation due to the structural configuration of bumper attached at the front side of ATV vehicle is studied on the basis of fatigue analysis. As the purpose of this study, the characteristic of bumper exposed on the repetitive loading condition like the vibration is understood. The position of crack happened at the fatigue situation is grasped in advance and complemented in advance. It is considered that the multipurpose vehicle is designed to not be driven on the paved general road but the rough road like the unpaved load. And the weak part of bumper is understood through the study of life evaluation on this driving environment. The durability can be improved by doing the safe design of automotive bumper on the basis of the analysis result. And it is possible to be grafted onto the convergence technique at design and show the esthetic sense.

교통로의 발달은 신라가 삼국통일 이후 지방에까지 관도를 정비하면서 본격적으로 이루어졌다고 볼 수 있으며, 도로는 사람과 물자의 단순한 이동뿐 아니라 지역의 방어와 진출, 지역 간의 경제적·문화적 교류를 알려 줄 수 있는 하나의 자료이다. 그러나 과거 도로유구 자료의 부족으로 문헌사연구나 왕경복원을 위한 부수적인 차원의 연구가 대부분이었다. 1990년대에 들어서 대규모 택지개발이 이루어지면서 도로유구 자료축적이 이루어지기 시작하였고, 2000년대에 들어서 고대 도로 자체에 대한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 그러나 증가하는 도로유구의 자료에 비해 도로에 대한 이해의 부족으로 사전조사나 도로의 야외조사에서 간과하는 점들이 많았으며, 도로를 구성하는 요소나 구조를 제대로 파악하기 위해서는 조사방법에 대한 연구의 필요성을 느끼게 되었다. 본고에서는 발굴조사 사례연구를 통하여 도로의 개념을 정리하고, 도로의 구성요소와 구조를 분석하여‘고대의 도로가 어떤 형태로 축조되고, 사용되었는가’를 알아보고, 도로의 조사방법에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 도로유구의 조사방법을 살펴보면 먼저 지표조사에서 유적의 지형이나 입지, 문헌조사의 중요성이 대두된다. 입지나 진행방향의 파악은 조사범위의 설정에 매우 중요하게 작용 한다. 노면이 구축된 도로유구의 경우 내부조사 전 진행방향이 확인되면 단축방향의 토층조사가 먼저 선행되어야 한다. 보수와 보강을 통한 지속적인 사용으로 노면이 중첩적으로 확인되는 경우가 많기 때문이며 층위파악 후 순차적인 평면조사가 필요하다. 평면조사에서는 노면의 구축방법, 보수·보강흔, 노면포장재료, 교차로, 측구시설·암거 시설·배수로 등의 부가시설을 염두에 두면서 조사를 진행한다. 또 노면의 내부나 주변에서 확인되는 한 조의 수레바퀴자국은 수레의 규모와 진행방향, 중복관계를 알려줄 수 있는 자료이며, 노면 내부에서 출토되는 유물은 축조 시기나 사용 시기를 알려주는 중요한 자료가 될 수 있다. 시대에 따라 달라지는 도로의 진행방향 변화에는 지형이나 지하수면의 변화 가능성이 있으므로 주변 유구의 양상에 대해서도 주의를 기울 인다. 도로가 형성된 유적의 성격이나 주변에 조성된 유적의 종류는 도로의 기능을 알려 줄 자료가 되므로 참고한다. 도로유구는 길이가 상대적으로 긴 유구로 여러 차례에 걸쳐 노면이 조성된 경우 조사기간 상정에 어려움이 있으므로 내부조사 진행에 있어 토층확인 후 평면의 순차적인 조사계획이 꼭 이루어져야한다.

The development of traffic routes in the Silla period began in earnest after the unification of the Three Kingdoms, with the improvement of government roads reaching even local areas. Road features not only illustrate the movement of goods and people, but can also provide information regarding the protection and expansion of regional locales, as well as the economical and cultural interaction which took place between these locales. In the past, research on road features was mostly carried out through the study of historic documents or as part of efforts to reconstruct ancient capitals, due to insufficient research evidence. More recently, this category of evidence has increased, but the investigation and study of ancient roads remains unsatisfactory, due to lack of knowledge regarding these features. Therefore, research into methods of investigation is required in order to better understand the elements and structure of these roads. The aim of this article, therefore, will be to establish a general definition of road features, based on case studies of road excavations, and to consider 'how ancient roads were constructed and used' through analyzing the constituent elements and structure of road features. With regard to methods of investigating ancient roads, the topography of the landscape, the location of sites, and historical documentary evidence are important factors which should be considered during surface survey. In the case of ancient roads constructed on the road surface, the soil stratigraphy of the cross section underneath the road must first be investigated; it is only after the formation process of the underlying layer has been understood that plane investigation can be carried out. During plane investigation, road construction methods, traces of mending and repair, road surface paving materials, the presence of intersections, and additional features, such as gutters, culverts, and water ways, must be considered. Artifacts recovered from the road surface constitute important evidence which can provide information on when the road was constructed and used. A progressive diachronic change in the course of the road may point to changes in the landscape or ground water flow. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to the area around the site as well. Both the nature of the road itself and the types of sites and features found around the road may suggest road function. Thus, such evidence must be utilized to its potential.

The Yeonsan Ogye (YO) chicken is a natural heritage of Korea, characterized by black feathers, skin, bones, eyes, and comb. The purebred of YO population has been reared under the natural mating system with no systematic selection and breeding plan. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic diversity and find the optimal number of population sub-division using 12 polymorphic microsatellite (MS) markers to construct a pedigree-based breeding plan for the YO population. A total of 509 YO birds were used for this study. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis were conducted based on the MS marker genotype information. The overall average polymorphic information content value and expected heterozygosity of the population were 0.586, and 0.642, respectively. The K-mean cluster analysis based on the genetic distance result confirmed that the current YO population can be divided into three ancestry groups. Individuals in each group were evaluated based on their genetic distance to identify the potential candidates for a future breeding plan. This study concludes that a future breeding plan with known pedigree information of selected founder animals, which holds high genetic diversity, could be the best strategy to ensure the conservation of the Korean YO chicken population.

The objective of this study was to describe the population structure and inbreeding, and to quantify their effectson weights at different ages of Mehraban sheep in Iran. The analysis was based on the pedigree information of26990 animals and 10278 body weight records from birth to yearling age. Data and pedigree information werecollected during 1994 to 2011 by the breeding station of Mehraban sheep. The population structure was analyzedusing the CFC program. Inbreeding of all animals was calculated by INBUPGF90 program. All animals were groupedinto three classes according to their inbreeding coefficients: the first class included non-inbred animals (F=0); andthe second and third classes included inbred animals (0<F<0.05 and F≥0.05, respectively). The average inbreedingin Mehraban sheep was 1.69%. Founder equivalent (fe) values were estimated to be 4244, 3116 and 2965 during1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. The effective population sizes (Ne) were 363, 5080 and 5740during 1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. Generation interval was 2.15 years for this breed of sheep. Regression coefficients of birth weight, 3-month weight, 6-month weight and yearling weight on lamb inbreedingwere estimated to be -6.34?0.69, -14.68?5.33, 48.00?9.43 and 98.65?15.65, respectively. Both positive and negativeinbreeding effects were found in the current study. The utilization of a program for designed mating system, in thepresent flock, could be a suitable approach to keep the level of inbreeding under control.

Aim First time mothers faced with a continuously crying infant, who do not know how to stop their child from crying, are at risk of developing anxiety and other types of Emotional Unrest. Because continuous Emotional Unrest may lead to an emotional crisis, it is important for healthcare providers to understand causal factors associated with Emotional Unrest among first time mothers faced with a persistently crying infant 6?7 weeks postpartum. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a study population of 217 first time mothers with infants aged 6?7 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure Emotional Unrest, Neighborhood Social Organization, Effective Parenting Support, Understanding of Crying and the Effect of Information Available on Crying, Current Parenting Environment and Characteristics of the Mother and Child. Potential causal factors for Emotional Unrest were explored using structural equation modeling. Results One hundred and thirty two (60.8%) of the mothers experienced persistent crying in the period 6?7 weeks after the birth of their child and 108 (49.7%) mothers experienced Emotional Unrest. Factor analysis revealed five important constructs to be causal factors of Emotional Unrest: Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information, Neighborhood Social Organization and Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated that Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information and Neighborhood Social Organization affect Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety, which then leads to Emotional Unrest. Conclusion This study demonstrated that it will be necessary in future for health-care workers to provide early intervention, such as accurate information about crying as well as concrete and appropriate response measures for dealing with crying. Furthermore, in motherhood/parenting classes and the discharge guidance conducted at birthing centers, it will be necessary to provide guidance on what kind of effective support and local area resources are available to parents following the birth of their child.

Reproducibility is a critical issue in protein structure analysis, especially in drug discovery workflows. Previous methods do not consistently produce reliable results across systems and do not provide deterministic outcomes in protein analysis. This work proposes a tri-layered blockchain-inspired architecture that leverages cryptographic metadata and capabilities to validate protonation states and guarantee deterministic results and data integrity across protein structure preparation and ensure reproducible binding site analysis. The results show 100% reproducibility with a 1745.1% performance overhead with execution time still under 11 s, enhancing data security and offering a reliable solution for computational drug discovery workflows. This system enhances confidence in computational drug discovery workflows.

Mongolian horses are one of the oldest horse breeds, and are very important livestock in Mongolia as they are used in various fields such as transportation, food (milk, meat), and horse racing. In addition, research and preservation on pure Mongolian breeds are being promoted under the implementation of the new Genetics of Livestock Resources’ act in Mongolia. However, despite the implementation of this act, genetic research on Mongolian horses using microsatellites (MS) has not progressed enough. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the genetic polymorphism of five breeds (Gobi shankh, Tes, Gal shar, Darkhad, and Undurshil) using 14 MS markers recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). The mean number of alleles (MNA) was 8.29, expected heterozygosity frequency (HExp) was 0.767, observed heterozygosity frequency (HObs) was 0.752, and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.729. The Nei’s genetic distance analysis showed that the genetic distance between Gobi shankh and Darkhad horses was the farthest, and the other three breeds, Tes, Gal shar, and Undurshil were found to be close to each other. Similarly, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the Gobi shankh and Darkhad horses were genetically distinct from other breeds. On the other hand, it appears that Tes, Gal shar, and Undurshil horses, which are genetically similar, most likely interbred with each other. Therefore, it is expected that these results will help the conservation of genetic resources in Mongolia and the establishment of policies related to Mongolian horses.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a transdiagnostic risk factor for various men tal disorders. However, no consensus has been reached on the components that comprise IU. Considering that while the rela tionship between IU and internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression has been well-established, a dearth of stud ies elucidates how each IU component is specifically related to anxiety and depression. Given its close relationship to internal izing symptoms, understanding the distinct correlations between each IU facet and internalizing symptoms becomes pivotal for effective interventions. Therefore, this study conducted a network analysis to delineate IU structure and how each compo nent is related to state/trait anxiety and depression. Using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the most central item, structure, and relationship within the scale were identified. The relationship between IU and internalizing symptoms was also examined and the clinical implications of each result are discussed.

Purpose: It is important to examine the attitudes of future nurses toward adopting a sustainabilityapproach in their nursing practice. This study aimed to test the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey2 psychometrically. Methods: The methodological, descriptive study was conducted in November 2019 on nursing students(n ¼ 286) at a university in Turkiye. Data were analyzed for reliability and validity tests. Statistics of thelinguistic content validity analysis and exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis were performed todetermine the scale's validity. Cronbach Alpha coefficient, floor and ceiling impacts, Tukey's test, andHotelling's T2 test, test-retest reliability were determined for the scale's reliability. Results: The content validity index of the scale, which consists of five items and one dimension, is .98. Factor loadings were above .30, all the fit indices were >.95, c2/df was 1.58, and the root means squareerror of approximation was .045. Cronbach's a was .75. The floor and ceiling impacts were 0.0% and 3.1%. In Tukey's test, F was 3.43 and p was .064. In Hotelling's T2 test, Hotelling's T2 was 265.59 and F was 65.68(p < .001). Item-total correlation coefficients were between .37 and .63. The test-retest correlation coefficientwas .39. Conclusion: The scale is a valid and reliable instrument in the Turkish language. It is advised to use thescale in determining attitudes towards sustainability among nursing students, evaluating the effectivenessof training, and taking student opinions in curriculum revisions. Also, the study allowed crosscountrycomparisons, and it is thought that it can guide studies on the inclusion of sustainability principlesin nursing practices.