Earticle

이 연구는 우리나라 해양경찰 통계시스템에 대한 문제점을 살펴보고 바람직한 발전 방향을 모색함에 있어서, 주요 외국의 사례와 비교분석을 통하여 개선할 시사점을 얻는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구의 완성도를 높이기 위하여 우리나라 해양경찰 통계시스템과 관련된 선행연구를 조사한 후, 비교 대상인 외국의 해양경찰 통계시스템을 조사하였다. 그동안 우리나라 해양경찰의 통계시스템은 수기방식으로 집계ㆍ생산되고 있었다. 그래서 정책부서 간에 중요 데이터의 공유가 원활하지 못하여 해상안전 확보에 필요한 각종 정책을 결정하는데도 어려움이 많았다. 아울러 정책평가를 위한 객관적인 지표로 활용하는데도 한계를 가질 수밖에 없었다. 한편 외국의 경우, 미국 해양경비대는 항만국통계ㆍ해상안전ㆍ해상보안으로 구분하여 통계 수치를 작성하고 있으며, 업무를 처리하는 담당 직원 수 등 구체적인 자료를 재가공할 수 있게 함으로써 정책 수립에 활용하고 있다. 일본 해상보안청은 해상안전관련 통계뿐만 아니라 오염 및 해류 관련 내용까지 수치화하여 해상에서 일어나는 모든 상황을 객관적으로 파악할 수 있는 시스템을 운영하고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 해양경찰 통계시스템을 선진화하기 위한 통계항목 등을 개편하고 측정시스템을 보완하는 방향을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems of maritime police statistical system in Korea and to find implications for improvement through comparative analysis of major foreign cases. In order to improve the completeness of the study, we surveyed previous researches related to the Korean Maritime Police Statistical System, and then examined the comparative foreign maritime police statistical system. In the meantime, the statistical system of marine police in Korea has been aggregated and produced by manual method. Therefore, sharing of important data among policy departments was not smooth, and it was difficult to decide various policies necessary for securing maritime safety. In addition, there was a limit to the utilization as an objective indicator for policy evaluation. On the other hand, in the case of foreign countries, the US Maritime Security Service compiles statistical figures by port statistics, maritime safety, and maritime security, and is used for policy formulation by enabling the reprocessing of specific data such as the number of staff members handling the work. The Japan Maritime Safety Agency operates a system that can quantify not only maritime safety statistics but also pollution and ocean currents, so that all situations occurring at sea can be grasped objectively. Based on this, we revised the statistical items to improve the maritime police statistical system in Korea and suggested a direction to complement the measurement system.

음성 언어 이해는 자연어 음성으로부터 컴퓨터가 처리할 수 있는 형태의 의미를 저장하는 의미 구조를 추출하는 문제를 다룬다. 대부분의 음성 언어 이해 시스템들은 화행 분석과 개체명 분석을 구분하여 처리하고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 이러한 두 가지 문제를 독립적이거나 순차적인 방식으로 처리하고 있다. 하지만 순차적 시스템에서는 화행과 개체명이 한 방향으로만 영향을 주게 되는 단점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 화행과 개체명을 동시에 처리하기 위해 Triangular-chain CRF라는 새로운 결합 음성 언어 이해 모델을 제안한다. 음성 대화 데이터를 이용한 실험을 통해 제안하는 결합 모델이 독립 및 순차적 방법과 비교하여 성능이 향상됨을 제시한다.

Spoken language understanding (SLU) addresses the problem of mapping natural language speech into semantic frame for structure encoding of its meaning. Most of the SLU systems separate out the dialog act (DA) identification from the named entity (NE) recognition to generate the semantic frames. In previous works, these two subtasks are treated by independent or cascaded approaches. In the cascaded systems, however, DA and NE influence only to one side, rather than to both sides. In this paper, we develop a new joint SLU model with a triangular-chain conditional random field (CRF) to encode inter-dependence between DA and NE. On four real dialog data, we show that our joint approach outperforms both independent and cascaded approaches.

We fabricated superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) based on Nb Josephson junctions, and characterized the key parameters of the SQUIDs. The SQUIDs are double relaxation oscillation SQUIDs (DROSs) having larger flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient than the standard DC-SQUIDs. SQUID sensors were fabricated by using Nb junction technology consisted of a DC magnetron sputtering and a conventional photolithography process. In multichannel SQUID systems for whole-head magnetoencephalography measurement with a helmet-type SQUID array, we need about 336 SQUID sensors for each system. In this paper, we fabricated a few hundred SQUID sensors, measured the critical current, flux modulation voltage and decided if each tested SQUID can be used for the multichannel systems. As the criterion for the acceptance of the sensors, we chose the critical current and amplitude of the modulation voltage to be 8 ㎂ and 80 ㎶, respectively. The average critical current of the SQUIDs was 10.58 ㎂. The typical flux noise of the SQUIDs with input coil shorted was 2 μΦ0/√Hz at white region.

상수관망정비사업의 우선순위에 대한 의사결정시 누수에 영향을 미치는 인자를 조사⋅분석하여 수량, 수압, 수질 요소는 물론 시설개량비용, 에너지비용, 유지관리비용 등의 경제성요소를 고려한 과학적이고 체계적인 접근방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인천시 배수관망을 중심으로 상수도관망에서 누수에 영향을 미치는 인자를 조사하고, 가장 상관성이 높은 인자를 산정하기 위하여 통계분석을수행하였다. 이를 위해 소블록 별 관로노후도, 배수관연장, 관경, 급수전수, 급수량, 누수발생 횟수, 용도지역, 관망구성 형태 등을 조사⋅분석하였으며 급수에너지 개념을 도입하고, 상수관망 해석결과를 활용하여 에너지 비를 산출하였다. 상수관망 해석을 위한 물리적, 운영적인자를 선정하여 무수율을 종속변수로 하고, 상수관망 내 관로노후도, 급수에너지비, 급수전당 공급량을 독립변수로 하는 무수율 다중회귀식을 도출하였다. 향후 지역적인 상수관망의 특성과 수요패턴을 고려하여 무수율공식을 산출한다면 정확도를 향상하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

In deciding priorities for waterworks maintenance, a scientific and systematic approach would be needed to examine and analyze the main parameters affecting the leakage, along with water demand quantity, water pressure, energy costs, and so forth. In this study, a statistical analysis was performed to estimate the physical parameters in waterworks maintenance with the highest correlation with the leakage. For this purpose, water distribution analysis was performed to assess the demand energy ratio. The formula of non-revenue water estimation consists of independent variables related with physical parameters for waterworks. Deterioration rate of pipes, demand energy ratio and water supply quantity at each demand point were used in a multiple regression equation for water distribution network analysis. If regional characteristics of distribution network and demand patterns are considered in developed formula, the estimated accuracy for calculating the non-revenue water rate will be improved.

Recently, growth of internet causes rapid changes in many areas of statistics such as statistical computation and education. Especially, bootstrap is the most interesting statistical methods applying computer resampling simulation. In this study, we try to present how to use a method of bootstrap on the internet. We also develop to user a statistical system which is programed with java applet for user to handle easily.

해상조난사고로 인한 인명과 재산 피해를 최소화하고 사고의 발생을 방지할 수 있는 예방요인을 도출하며, 나아가 구조당국의 대응역량 개선요소를 발굴하는데 있 어 통계는 그 무엇보다 신뢰도 높은 대안의 방향성을 제시하는 길잡이 역할을 할 수 있다. 또한 조난사고 및 수색구조 통계는 사고의 예방과 대비·대응에 투입되는 국가 예산의 비용 대비 효과를 측정하는데 있어서도 매우 중요한 지표가 될 수 있고, 국 민이 해양안전 수준을 판단하는 감시창구의 기능 또한 수행하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 해양경찰이 관리·운용하고 있는 해상조난사고 통계시스템을 수색 구조 통계관리의 우수 모델로 인정받고 있는 미국 코스트가드의 통계시스템과 비교 분석하여 사고의 발생 중심에서 수색구조 대응 중심으로 통계의 프레임을 전환하기 위한 유용한 시사점을 도출하였고, 그에 따라 통계시스템 입력항목의 세분화를 비롯 한 비현실적인 현행 구조율 산출식의 조정 방안, 통계의 신뢰도 확보를 위한 사고 데이터 입력 기준 설정 등 단기적으로 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시함과 동시에 중· 장기적인 관점에서 빅데이터를 기반으로 한 첨단 수색구조 통계 플랫폼의 신규 개발 방안을 제안하였다.

Statistics can guide the direction of reliable alternatives in minimizing casualties caused by marine accidents, deriving preventive factors to prevent accidents in advance, and further discovering elements to improve the response capabilities of rescue authorities. In addition, statistics on marine accidents and Search and Rescue operations can be a vital indicator in measuring the cost-effectiveness of the national budget spent on preventing, preparing, and responding to accidents and serve as a monitoring window for the public to assess their level of marine safety. This study compared analyzed the marine accident statistics system operated by the Korea Coast Guard with the US Coast Guard’s statistics system, which is recognized as an outstanding model for search and rescue statistics management, to derive valuable implications for reforming the framework of Korean search and rescue statistics from ‘occurrence-oriented’ to ‘response -oriented.’ As a result, measures that can be improved in the short term, such as fractionating sub-categories of the statistical system’s input data, adjusting unrealistic formulas for lifesaving rates on SAR cases, and setting the input criteria as usable accident data to secure statistical reliability, were suggested. Furthermore, from a mid-to-long-term perspective, designing a state-of-art search and rescue statistics management platform based on big data was proposed.

의료 사물인터넷(IoMT)환경의 확산과 함께 네트워크 패킷 조작 및 생체 데이터 위·변조를 통한 사이버 위협이 증가하고 있다. 기존 IoMT 침입탐지 연구는 주로 네트워크 feature에 의존하였으며, 설명 가능한 AI 기법인 SHAP을 적용한 연구도 결과의 통계적 타당성 검증 없이 특징(feature) 중요도를 해석하는 방법론적 한계가 존재하였다. 본 연구는 WUSTL-EHMS-2020 데이터셋을 기반으로 XGBoost, Random Forest, KNN 모델을 적용한 멀티클래스 침입탐지 체계를 구축하고, Ablation Study, 통계적 분포 검증, SHAP·LIME XAI 분석으로 구성된 3중 검증 체계를 제안하였다. 실험 결과, XGBoost가 F1-score 0.9548로 최고 성능을 달성하였다. Ablation Study를 통해 생체 feature 통합 시 Spoofing 탐지 F1이 0.7962에서 0.8848로 향상됨을 확인하였으며, 이는 선행연구에서 보고된 AUC 25% 향상의 실질적 기여자가 Spoofing 클래스에서의 생체 feature 시너지임을 멀티클래스 분석으로 정량화한 것이다. 또한 SHAP 분석에서 Spoofing 탐지에 체온이 상위 기여 feature로 나타났으나, t-검정 및 LIME 분석과 의 불일치는 이것이 실제 판별력이 아닌 교란변수 효과임을 시사하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 3중 검증체계는 XAI 결과의 신뢰성을 보장하는 방법론적 안전망으로서 IoMT 환경에서 설명 가능하고 검증 가능한 AI 기반 침입탐지 모니터링 체계 구축을 위한 실용적 기반이 될 수 있다.

As the Internet of Medical Things environment continues to expand, cyber threats involving network packet manipulation and biomedical data falsification are increasingly emerging. Existing IoMT intrusion detection studies have primarily relied on network features, and even studies applying explainable AI techniques such as SHAP have faced methodological limitations in interpreting feature importance without statistical validation of the results. This study constructs a multiclass intrusion detection system applying XGBoost, Random Forest, and KNN models based on the WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset, and proposes a three-tier validation framework comprising Ablation Study, statistical distribution verification, and dual SHAP·LIME XAI analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that XGBoost achieves the highest performance with an F1- score of 0.9548. Ablation Study confirms that integrating biomedical features improves Spoofing detection F1 from 0.7962 to 0.8848, quantifying that the actual contributor to the 25% AUC improvement reported in prior research is biomedical feature synergy in the Spoofing class through multiclass analysis. Furthermore, although SHAP analysis identifies body temperature as a top contributing feature for Spoofing detection, inconsistencies with t-test results and LIME analysis suggest this reflects a confounding variable effect rather than actual discriminative power. The proposed three-tier validation framework serves as a methodological safeguard ensuring XAI reliability, and provides a practical foundation for building explainable and verifiable AIbased intrusion detection monitoring systems in IoMT environments.

This paper proposes a new wireless statistical division multiplexing (SDM) communication system, which is based on the two-input and two-output wireless communication experimental platform constructed and presented in our previous work. This novel system aims to transmit source signals simultaneously in the same frequency band over wireless channel and recovers the source signals at the receiver by utilizing the statistical characteristics of source signals and broadcasting characteristics of wireless channel. Therefore, the spectrum efficiency of SDM system is high compared to those of time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and code division multiplexing (CDM) systems, in which TDM, FDM and CDM signals are limited in time interval, frequency band and code. Taking advantage of the statistical properties of transmitted source signals, the SDM system can easily recover or retrieve them through the blind source separation (BSS) techniques at the receiver. This paper first introduces the system model of SDM briefly, but the main purpose is to analyze the performance of it including the relationship between the separation quality and the characteristics of source signals, the power of transmitters and separation algorithms. The performance validity and corresponding analysis are confirmed and performed through realistic experiments.

As of 2016, the cremation rates in the capital area are 91.2% in Incheon Metropolitan City, 87.5% in Seoul Special City, and 87.1% in Gyeonggi-do Province, of which Incheon has the highest rate, and cremation of general corpses through the online cremation reservation service of the funeral information system is continuously increasing every year. And as of 2017, the ratio of the cremation for those outside the jurisdiction (residents of other regions) among the users of public cremation establishment in Incheon, is about 32%. As the supply capacity is expected to reach the limit within several years due to the increase in demand for such a cremation facility, I would like to suggest a policy as follows. The expansion of cremation supply capacity by increasing the number of operations in the cremation furnace; The attractions of operating funds through contracts for joint use of the cremation facility with other local governments and investment funds for the expansion of cremation facilities; The plan for controlling the demand in cremation such as an increase in cremation charge for those outside the jurisdiction(residents of other regions), should be considered.

통계청은 사망외인에 대한 안전통계 프레임워크를 구성하는 안전변수와 하위모듈의 설정미스로 인해 통계 항목군의 도출에 착오를 일으켰고, 재난ㆍ사고 분야ㆍ영역의 학술적 분류체계를 고려하지 않고 의학적 발생기전으로 명명함으로써 통 계 타당성이 떨어지는 결과가 도래된 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전변수를 WHO 안전정의에 맞게 변경하 고 하위모듈을 적절하게 설정하여 낙상사고, 익사ㆍ익수사고 및 무생물성 기계적 힘에 노출사고 항목군을 산업현장에서의 사 고와 일상생활에서의 작업 중 사고로 분리하여 명명하고, 유독성물질을 화학적 물질과 약물로 분리하여 항목군을 재명명하는 과정과 재난사고의 6대 분야 및 영역별로 항목군을 재배치하여 최적의 안전통계 항목군 분류체계를 정립하였다. 결과적으로 사망외인의 원천 특성에 따라 재난ㆍ사고 분야를 도출하고 관련 영역을 학술적으로 설정하여 복잡하게 구성되어 있는 통계 청의 사망외인 항목군을 체계적으로 재정립함으로써 통계타당성을 향상시키고 정부부처 및 관련기관의 안전투자의 방향을 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

The KSA caused an error in deriving the statistical measurement items due to the misconfiguration of the safety variables and sub-modules that constitute the safety statistics framework for external causes of death, and pathogenesis, without considering the academic classification system of the field and area of t h e disaster/accident. By naming it as a mechanism, it was analyzed that the result of poor statistical validity has arrived. Therefore, in this study, by changing the safety parameters according to the WHO safety definition and setting the sub-modules appropriately, the categories of falls, drowning accidents, and accidents exposed to inanimate mechanical forces are classified as accidents at industrial sites and work in daily life. As a result, by systematically re-establishing the complex group of statistical items of the NSO by deriving the field of disasters/accidents according to the nature of the source of external causes of death and setting the relevant domains academically, statistical validity gets better and It is anticipated to play an important role in determining the direction of safe investment.

Oriental medicine statistics are essential in research planning, research evaluation, and policy decision based on objective data. However, integrated administration of such statistics is not presently possible in the oriental medicine field, which has been slow in incorporating information communication technology. In an effort to address this problem, the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) developed an oriental medicine statistical system in 2009, and the system has been offered in the traditional medicine information portal of OASIS. However, according to a 2010 survey targeting OASIS users, those surveys reported that needs for a system where various statistical data can be extracted via an interactive approach to multidimensional data. As a result of an analysis of the functions of the existing system, it was found that it is necessary to array and arithmetically analyze Stats Value, Drill Up & Drill Down, and Pivot. To this end, the existing DB schema should be redesigned. Based on our analysis result, we redesigned the database into a structure that is applicable to the reverse pivot algorithm. We used J2EE/JSP and a Flex framework to design and develop an oriental medicine statistical system that can provide multidimensional statistical data. Considering that the improved oriental medicine statistical system is planned to be offered by OASIS of KIOM, utilization and value of oriental medicine statistical data are expected to be enhanced.

We introduce the statistical system of the Commonwelth Independence State(CIS) countries located in the Central Asia. At present, the level of the national statistics production system of Korean National Statistical Office(NSO) is very high and locate on just behind Japan among all asian countries, and they are also trying to reach the statistics quality level upto the advanced developed countries in the world. To have the optimal Statistics production processing, we must understand the methodologies parts as well as the aspect of the macro statistics that can be applied to the country#s economic plan. Like the history is repeated, it is valuable to look at the development history of statistical system of other countries one century ago. We study the relationship among CIS countries along with the history of Russian statistics development. It will be helpful to look and understand the statistical system of CIS countries including Russia to use their statistics for international comparison study.

Recently, Korean National Statistical Office submits the results of population projections for Korea from 1960 to 2050 year. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the reasonable assumptions for the survey of population, and then to detect the errors of the surveyed population (1960-2005) on Korean Information Statistical System.

This paper presents the results of the numerical simulation of a multibeam active phased array antenna for a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS). The simulation takes into account the random errors caused by the non-identity of the array elements and the inaccuracy of the antenna calibration. The results of our statistical simulation show that the strict requirements on the sidelobe envelope for HAPSs can be met when the amplitude and phase distribution errors are minor, a condition which may be achieved by using digital beamforming.

This study was to develop a system for grading apples by their color using statistical image processing. T-test was used to detect edges in apple images and the chain code method was used for contour coding. The histogram and mean gray level of each RGB channel in a ring-shaped region was used to compare apple colors to reference apple color.

In this paper forest fire statistical information management system is constructed on web environment using web based GIS(Geographic Information System) technology. Though this system, general users can easily access forest fire statistical information and obtain them in visual method such as maps, graphs, and text if they have web browsers. Moreover, officials related to forest fire can easily control and manage all information in domestic by accessing input interface, retrieval interface, and out interface. In order to implement this system, IIS 5.0 of Microsoft is used as web server and Oracle 8i and ASP(Active Server Page) are used for database construction and dynamic web page operation, respectively. Also, Arc IMS of ESRI is used to serve map data using Java and HTML as system development language. Through this system, general users can obtain the whole information related to forest fire visually in real time also recognize forest fire prevention. In addition, Forest officials can manage the domestic forest resource and control forest fire dangerous area efficiently and scientifically by analyzing and retrieving huge forest data through this system. So, they can save their manpower, time and cost to collect and manage data.

The statistical survey and analysis is much restricted to time, space and material. The statistical survey and analysis could hardly resume. The statistical survey and analysis is very important to create various and accurate information. The statistical survey and analysis which is not a expert knowledge have many problems in productivity of information, reliability and etc. In this paper, we study the design and Implementation of web-based statistical survey and analysis consulting system which a client meet easily a statistical expert on the web.

The Bayesian networks methods provide an efficient tool for performing information fusion and decision making under conditions of uncertainty. This paper proposes Bayes estimators for the system effectiveness in energy saving of the wireless sensor networks by use of the Bayesian method under the non-informative prior knowledge about means of active and sleep times based on time frames of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. And then, we conduct a case study on some Bayesian estimation models for the system energy saving effectiveness of a wireless sensor network, and evaluate and compare the performance of proposed Bayesian estimates of the system effectiveness in energy saving of the wireless sensor network. In the case study, we have recognized that the proposed Bayesian system energy saving effectiveness estimators are excellent to adapt in evaluation of energy efficiency using non-informative prior knowledge from previous experience with robustness according to given values of parameters.

The fire accident cases of several countries such as Korea, Japan, United States, etc., were collected and compared statistically. The trends of fire accidents in several countries will help us establish detailed plans for fire protection and reduce the possible fire accidents in the future. For construction of data base system, the program FADS was developed, which is operable in Windows environment.