Earticle

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze people’s accessibility to medical institutions providing national gastric cancer screening services in Gangwon-do using a geographic information system(GIS). Methods: To assess the spatial accessibility, network analysis was applied. Two types of network analysis-Service area analysis and origin-destination cost matrix(OD-cost matrix)-were applied to create network dataset. Results: The results of the analysis of the service area revealed that it took more than 60 minutes each to reach tertiary hospitals and general hospitals from 74.4% and 9.6% of Gangwon-do areas, respectively. Similarly, it took more than 60 minutes each to reach hospitals and clinics from 4.2% and 3.4% of Gangwon-do areas, respectively. The results of the OD-cost revealed that there were large regional variations in distance and time taken to reach the medical institutions. Conclusions: there were regional variations of spatial accessibility between Si and Gun in Gangwon-do.

본 연구는 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용하여 지역사회서비스 투자사업의 지역간 공간접근성을 분석하고 Geoda를 이용한 공간회귀분석을 진행하여 서비스 유형별 공간접근성 영향요인을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 첫째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업의 지역별 공간접근성 영향요인 분석에 있어 공간자기상관성을 통제한 공간회귀분석의 적용이 필요함을 검증하였다. 둘째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업 서비스 제공 범위가 광역으로 확대 되어야 할 필요성과 그 근거를 제시하였다. 셋째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업 서비스 전달체계에 있어 지역내 제공기관이 부족하거나 이용자의 접근성이 떨어지는 비도시의 경우 전달체계가 재가서비스 중심으로 설계되어야 할 필요성과 근거를 제시하였다.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the spatial accessibility of community social services investment projects by using the geographic information system(GIS) and the spatial accessibility influence factors by service type by using a spatial regression analysis. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it was the first study to analyze the spatial accessibility and the influence factors of institutional visit services and home visit services targeting nationwide users, providers, and personnel providing the services of community social services investment projects. Secondly, it was a presumptive study that applied multi-dimensional analyses including spatial accessibility analysis using GIS and spatial regression analysis using Geoda. Thirdly, it verified that it would be necessary to apply a spatial regression analysis with controlling spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatial accessibility influence factor of community social services investment projects by region. Fourthly, it suggested the necessity of expanding the community social services investment project to a wider area. Lastly, it suggested the necessity and foundation of designing the delivery system with focusing on the home-based service to areas with lacking local providers or having low accessibility(e.g., non-urban areas).

This study aims to empirically evaluate the spatial accessibility and locational suitability of Living SOC facilities in areas where Rural Centrality Activation Projects have been completed. To this end, four case study areas were categorized by their spatial structures, and GIS network and buffer analyses were employed to analyze the coverage of 15-minute driving isochrones and Pedestrian Catchment Areas (PCA). The analysis revealed that, based on vehicle travel, most outlying villages were included within the hub's influence zone, ensuring broad regional mobility. However, from the PCA perspective, which reflects the walking characteristics of the elderly, a spatial disparity in service delivery was identified even within the hub. Notably, the study identified locational inappropriateness, where primary essential living facilities were situated outside the effective walking range. These physical constraints, coupled with the fact that current software (S/W) programs are heavily focused on internal facility activities, suggest that project outcomes struggle to reach the entire living zone without a Mobility Support system for outlying village residents. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy alternatives including the institutionalization of 'Location Optimization Standards for Essential Facilities', the enhancement of mobility-oriented S/W, and the redefining of living zone hubs centered on transportation nodes.

본 연구는 사회복지공급체계의 불평등 현상의 한 단면을 보여주고 있는 공간접근성에 대한 착목으로부터 출발한다. 본 연구는 실증연구로서 사회복지 서비스를 제공하는 사회복지시설의 공간접근성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 특히, 공간접근성 측정에 있어 거리측정과 시간거리측정을 실시하여 이에 대한 비교분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 사회복지조직을 분석단위로 하여 향후 사회복지조직의 실천적 노력을 모색하였을 뿐만 아니라 공간접근성에 대한 실증연구를 통한 정책제언을 한다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다. 주요한 연구결과로는 공간접근성 개입의 대상으로 이동 취약계층인 장애인뿐 아니라 노인, 그리고 이동수단이 취약한 사회복지시설을 포함해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 사회서비스공급과 교통체계가 취약한 소도시와 농촌지역에서 공간접근성의 불평등 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 무엇보다 공간접근성을 파악하는데 거리측정법을 통해서는 현재 서비스 공급현황의 지역적 불평등을, 시간거리측정법을 통해서는 시간적 노력을 요구해야 하는 서비스 대상을 발견하게 하였으며, 이러한 연구결과는 공간접근성 향상을 위한 사회복지실천 개입에 유용성을 제공할 것이다.

This study starts form the inequity of the spatial accessibility in social services. This study has purpose to descript and analyze the spatial accessibility of social service agencies. While analysing the spatial accessibility, this paper uses comparative method of distance and space-time measures. The results of research are as follows; It needs (1) to enhance the spatial accessibility of the aged and the disabled. (2) to facilitate the spatial accessibility of marginal area or community like rural community. (3) to recognize utilities of distance and space-time measures in the spatial accessibility.

This study is aimed to analyze whether the movement of targeted urban public facility could contribute to the improvement of facility users' convenience in terms of accessibility. To measure the accessibility, the total travel distance was estimated through multiplying network distance by the number of users as weights. Consequently the spatial efficiency was estimated. To calculate the network distance, the shortest distance was selected using GIS. On the other hand, highly frequented transit route in case of using public transportation was considered as the shortest distance. According to analytical results, the necessity of location and its systematization, in view of the accessibility of facility users, was meaningful in case of Yongsan-gu. Moreover, there was the difference between the accessibility of the shortest distance and that of public transportation, which was calculated based on GIS. The accessibility of public transportation is closer to spatial efficiency and equity. In conclusion, this study suggests the accessibility of public transportation be considered to judge the spatial efficiency of urban public facilities.

In urban environments, spatial equity relates to equal accessibility of urban facilities services and equitable distribution of facilities, regardless of the social position and economic status. This study analyzed the equity of accessibility of Living SOC for Spatial Equity in Suwon, Yongin, Goyang, Seongnam, and Bucheon in Gyeonggi-do. The targets of the analysis are town-level of the walkable Living SOC, and the average land price, the infant population ratio, and the elderly population ratio were utilized to define the socio-economic status. As a result, the difference in accessibility between socio-economic status was found to be closer to Group A than to Group B for accessibility to 12 facility. Independent T test also showed significant differences between groups. Group A, whose percentage of the elderly and infant was lower than the average, was closer to facilities than group B and the difference between the two groups was significant. According to the regression analysis results, the influence on the independent variables ‘infant population ratio’, ‘aged population ratio’, and ‘average land price’ were 4.685, 6.133, -6,589 respectively. Even within large cities with similar conditions, the shortest approach distances by Hangjeong-dong and facillities showed differences between social and economic classes. Further discussions are needed for ensuring fair distribution and access across classes in progress of expanding Living SOC.

The purpose of this study was to compare the spatial distribution and characteristics of adolescent suicide risk in Busan by distinction and to understand the level of spatial accessibility of public counseling service institutions for prevention and intervention of adolescent suicide. A total of 108 youths living in Busan were extracted from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2010, and 11 districts were analyzed. Using QGIS 3.4 and R, the spatial distribution of suicide risk by region was visualized, the spatial autocorrelation of suicide risk was verified, and the nearest neighbor and cluster analysis were performed. The spatial relationship with adolescent suicide risk was identified by visualizing the distribution of each distinction among public counseling service organizations. The main results of the study are as follows. First, Saha-gu and Sasang-gu showed the highest suicide risk, and Geumjeong-gu and Dongrae-gu had the lowest suicide risk. Second, Haeundae-gu and Dongnae-gu showed the most positive perceptions of the local community. Third, Haeundae-gu and Nam-gu had the largest number of public counseling institutions for youth, while Saha-gu and Sasang-gu, which showed the highest suicide risk, had relatively low distribution of institutions.

물리적인 거리 접근성은 도서관 이용자들에게 가장 중요한 변수라고 할 수 있다. 특히, 공공도서관은 지역주민 모두가 어디에서나 편리하게 양질의 도서관 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록 제공해야 할 의무가 있다. 본 연구는 강원도를 사례지역으로 GIS의 접근성 분석을 이용하여 사용자와 도서관의 공간적인 분포의 특징을 분석하였다. 도서관 서비스의 공급 측면에서는 도서관의 좌석수, 소장 자료의 규모, 독서･문화프로그램의 실시 횟수를, 수요 측면에서는 각 지역의 인구수를 각각 가중치로 사용하였다. 분석결과, 강원도의 도서관 분포는 춘천, 원주, 강릉 등 주요 도시지역에 서비스가 집중되어 있고, 상대적으로 넓은 지역을 차지하는 읍･면 등 농촌지역은 매우 취약한 것으로 나타나 지역적 편차가 심각한 것을 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 강원도 공공도서관의 공간적 분포를 이해하고, 지역주민의 공공도서관 접근성을 높이기 위한 정책수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Physical accessibility to the library can be the most important variable to the users. In particular, public libraries have to provide various services that are distributed equally to all as a basic right. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of the public libraries and their users in Gangwon province on the regional scale and identify its main characteristics and trends using geographical information systems (GIS). GIS is used to measure accessibility to public libraries services in terms of both factors of supply and demand. This study presents a multivariate analysis of the effects of supply-side factors (e.g., seating capacity, collection size of books, reading, and cultural programs for community) and demand-side factors (e.g., population). Analysis indicates that there are significant differences between rural and urban areas in accessibility for library services in Gangwon province. The results could be used to assist the public library planning and development authorities to understand the spatial distribution of public libraries and to prioritize sites where public library should be developed in order to improve the accessibility for library services in the study area.

This paper addresses a new methodological approach to measure broadband access of urban residential area. The developed accessibility measure extends a typical potential accessibility measure based on the spatial interaction model by incorporating network performance such as the bandwidth and network topological properties as attractiveness of an opportunity. Moreover we examine the spatial patterns in terms of different operational effects on a potential accessibility measure and then discuss implications, based on an empirical example. The developed accessibility measure is computed using a GIS based computational algorithm.

Purpose: Recent concerns regarding the delivery of surgical services in South Korea emphasize the need for close monitoring of spatial access to surgical care in patients with acute appendicitis at the regional level. Materials and Methods: This study included emergency department (ED) visits with acute appendicitis and subsequent appendectomies from the National Emergency Department Information System database (2015?2021). Travel distances to the hospital were measured, and the proportion of patients admitted to regional hospitals was visualized on a geographic map. Factors related to complicated appendicitis were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Among 207344 patients who visited the EDs, those from areas with low population density had higher proportions of patients aged ≥65 years (23.2%), Medical Aid recipients (4.8%), transfers from other hospitals (39.3%), and cases of complicated appendicitis (7.0%) compared to other regions. Additionally, patients in low-density regions had the highest proportion of traveling 50 km or more (27.7%), compared to those in mid-density (5.9%) and high-density (2.5%) regions. In the multivariate analysis, patients aged ≥65 years exhibited a stronger association with complicated appendicitis compared to other age groups. Conclusion: The current results suggested that regions with low population density experienced low access to surgical care, revealing significant regional variation linked to population density. Given the rapidly aging population and the concentration of residents in urban areas in South Korea, urgent policy action is needed to ensure the adequate delivery of emergency general surgery services in low-density regions.

본 연구는 시간지리학 개념을 도입한 새로운 접근성 개념을 통해 공간적 근접성과 단일한 이동 행태를 전제하는 기존의 방법을 비판적으로 검토해보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 미국 Portland Metro 지역의 개인통행자료를 이용해 시공간적 접근성의 공간적 패턴과 근접성의 관계를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 시간지리학의 시공간 프리즘 개념에 기반한 시공간적 접근성은 근접성 외에도 시공간 제약에 따른 다양한 이동성을 고려한 대안적 방법으로 최근 새롭게 주목받고 있다. 기존 방법은 접근성이 도시의 기능 중심성과 유사한 공간패턴을 보일 것으로 예상하지만, 연구결과는 접근성이 근접성보다는 개인의 시공간적 속성에 더 많은 영향을 받는다는 사실을 보여준다. 접근성은 CBD나 도시기회의 고밀도지역을 멀리 벗어난 지역에서 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 같은 지리적 특성을 공유하는 동일 지역이라 할지라도 성별에 따라 다르게 드러났다. 이는 접근성이 거주지뿐만 아니라 다른 공간적 축들(직장, 자녀의 탁아시설등)을 중심으로도 형성되며, 이에 따라 집에서 멀리 떨어진 곳의 도시 기회들이 집 주변의 도시기 회들보다 개인의 접근성에 더 큰 기여를 할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to critically examine conventional spatial measures of individual accessibility, which are based on the notion of spatial proximity, the single reference location, and the unlinked travel model. Using space-time accessibility measures with the travel-activity diary data set of Portland Metro, US, three expectations from spatial measures on spatial patterns of individual accessibility were empirically examined: (1) does individual accessibility decrease with an increase of distance from the CBD?; (2) does the spatial pattern of accessibility resemble that of urban opportunity density pattern?; and (3) are spatial patterns of individual accessibility of different socio- demographic population groups basically similar as people in the same area share the same geographic characteristics regardless of gender, race, age, and so on? First of all, the results showed that spatial variations in individual accessibility were not directly determined by spatial proximity and opportunity density as suggested by previous accessibility measures. The spatial pattern of individual accessibility was dramatically different from that of urban opportunity density High peaks of accessibility level were found far away from the CBD and regional centers. This finding might be associated with the importance of multi-reference locations and linked travels in shaping accessibility in reality. Furthermore, this study found that spatial patterns of accessibility clearly differ between men and women. These findings suggest that access requires more than proximity, and that the interaction between person-specific space-time constraints and the consequential availability of urban opportunities in space-time renders different accessibility experiences to people even in the same region, which would be one of the key ingredients missing from conventional spatial measures of accessibility.

공공도서관 접근성은 도서관의 이용에 직접적인 영향을 끼치며, 접근성의 불균형적인 분포는 도서관 서비스의 공평한 제공을 제한하는 결정적인 요인이 된다. 이러한 관점에 근거하여 본 연구는 부산지역 공공도서관의 공간적 접근성을 분석하고, 공간회귀분석을 통해 공공도서관의 접근성 영향요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 부산지역 공공도서관 접근성은 지역별로 편차가 크게 나타나고 있었으며, 공공도서관이 인구수나 대중교통 이용과 무관하게 입지하고 있을 뿐 아니라 사회적 형평성 측면에서도 공공도서관 입지의 효율성이 떨어지는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해 부산지역 공공도서관 접근성 현황을 이해하고, 접근성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악할 수 있으며, 향후 공공도서관 접근성 격차 완화 및 신규 입지 선정을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Public library accessibility directly affects library usage, and the disproportionate distribution of accessibility is a decisive factor limiting the equitable provision of library services. In this regard, this study analyzed the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan and identified the factors affecting accessibility of public libraries using spatial regression analysis. As a results of the analysis, the accessibility of public libraries in the Busan showed large deviations by region. Also, spatial distribution of public libraries had no correlation with the settled population and use of public transportation, and location of public libraries was inefficient, in terms of social equity. The results of this study will assist to understand the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan, to identify factors that affect the accessibility. Moreover, this study is expected to be utilized as fundamental data for releasing disparities of the spatial accessibility and selecting new location of public library in Busan.

최근 주5일 근무가 보편화된 이후 오토캠핑장은 휴일을 가족과 함께 보내려는 도시인들에게 재충전을 위한 공간으로서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 오토캠핑장은 도시인들에게 자연을 즐길 수 있는 현장이기에 캠핑장의 공간적인 분포와 캠핑장에 대한 공간 접근성은 도시민들에게 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 캠핑장과의 거리, 캠핑장의 규모 등을 가중치로 하고 통계청의 시군구 단위의 인구통계 데이터를 이용하여 오토캠핑장에 대한 공간접근성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 오토캠핑장은 수도권에 인접한 가평, 포천, 양평 등과 같은 경기서북지역과 춘천, 홍천, 영월 등의 강원도에 많은 수가 분포하고 캠핑장의 접근성은 이러한 지역에 인접한 인구밀집지역에서 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 대중을 위한 서비스 시설로서 캠핑장 신설에 있어 사용자 중심의 접근성을 고려한 공간의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Recently as the working five days a week is common to public, the auto camping is playing an important role for urban resident who are going to spend the holiday with the family for recharging. The spatial distribution and the spatial accessibility to camping site have emerged as an important issue for urban resident. Accessibility measure for auto camping place can present how much the demand and supply place can have the interaction. The population of demand site and the number of camping sites can be used for weights on the quantitative analysis. In this study, these weights are used for measuring the accessibility and as results, the camping sites which are adjacent to metropolitan region such as Pocheon, Yangpyung Chuncheon, Hongcheon, Youngwol includes a large number of camping area and has the good accessibility. The results of this study can be expected to help for decision making for more accessible public camping site.

정보통신기술의 발달과 함께 최근 디지털 격차가 사회적으로 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 그간의 연구를 검토함으로써 디지털 격차가 미치는 영향을 공간적인 관점에서 논의하기 위한 기틀을 마련하고, 이를 경험적으로 구체화할 수 있는 방안의 하나로서 사례 연구를 수행하는 것이다. 선행연구에 대한 검토 결과 디지털 격차를 공간적인 측면에서 파악할 때 컨텐츠로서의 정보 자체와 격차가 미치는 결과적 측면에 대한 관심이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 정보통신기술은 물론 공간 정보에 대한 접근 및 활용이 지역이나 개인에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 파악하기 위한 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 이어 공간적 접근성은 디지털 격차의 영향을 공간적 관점에서 파악하기 위한 주요 주제 중의 하나가 될 수 있음을 논의하고, 구체적인 경험 연구의 가능성을 파악하기 위한 일환으로 서울을 대상으로 한 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 예비 분석 결과 디지털 격차는 접근성 혹은 이동성에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것이 사회적 삶에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

There has recently been growing interest in the digital divide with the rapid development of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). The main purpose of this article is to develop a framework for discussing the impacts of the digital divide in a spatial context by the literature review, and to conduct a case study of applying it to concrete empirical research. According to the result of the review, relatively little attention has been given to information itself which is the content of the ICTs, as well as outcomes or consequences of the digital divide in spatial perspective. I pointed out that more empirical studies focusing on the effects of ICTs and geospatial information on individuals and regions should be conducted. Then I suggested that spatial accessibility could be one of the main themes of such research, and carried out a case study of Seoul to identify the feasibility of empirical research. The preliminary analysis of case study showed that the digital divide could have a great impact on spatial accessibility or mobility. Further research is needed to find out the full future implications of that outcome.

본 연구는 외래 진료 중심의 의료기관 공간적 접근성 지수를 측정하고 나아가 지역 간 격차가 존재하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 대표적인 만성질환 중 하나인 제2형 당뇨병을 대상으로 2015-2019년 건강보험공단 청구자료를 활용하였다. ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2를 이용하여 당뇨병 환자의 거주지역과 당뇨병 진료기관 간 거리를 산출하고, 거리 조락을 고려한 Two-Step Floating Catchment Area 방법을 활용하여 당뇨병 진료기관의 공간적 접근성을 분석하였다. 공간적 접근성 지수는 당뇨병 전체 진료기관과 일차 진료기관으로 구분하였고, 공간적 접근성 불평등 측정을 위해서 지니계수를 산출하였다. 분석 결과, 5개년 평균 공간적 접근성 지수는 전체기관 13.92명, 일차기관 11.93명이었다. 연도별 지니계수의 변화는 큰 차이가 없었지만, 시도별 지니계수의 차이는 유의미하게 존재하였다. 시도별 5개년 평균 진료기관의 공간적 접근성은 서울, 대전이 상대적으로 높은 반면, 강원, 경북은 낮았다. 시군구의 평균 공간적 접근성 지수는 서울 성동구, 강남구, 중구에서 높은 반면, 강원 횡성군, 전남 화순군, 경북 청송군 등 ‘군’ 지역에서 낮았다. 당뇨병 진료기관의 공간적 접근성 지수가 0인 읍면동 지역이 20여 개 나타났다. 이는 당뇨병 환자가 임계 이동시간 30분 이내에 의료서비스를 받기 어려움을 의미한다. 본 연구는 응급·중증의료 중심의 접근성 논의를 넘어, 만성질환 관리를 위한 외래진료에서도 지역 간 의료기관 공간적 접근성 격차가 존재함을 실증적으로 확인하였다는 점에 의의가 있으며, 이는 외래진료 중심의 적정한 보건의료자원 배치를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

This study examines spatial accessibility to outpatient healthcare institutions, focusing on type 2 diabetes. Using health insurance claims data from 2015 to 2019 and ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2, the distances between the residential areas of diabetes patients and care facilities were calculated. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, which incorporates distance decay, was applied to measure accessibility to both all healthcare institutions and primary care institutions, resulting in average indices of 13.92 and 11.93, respectively. To evaluate inequalities in spatial accessibility, the Gini coefficient was calculated. While year-to-year variations in the Gini coefficient were minimal, significant disparities were observed across provinces. The results showed higher accessibility in Seoul and Daejeon compared to Gangwon and Gyeongbuk. At the district level (si, gun, gu), the average accessibility index was highest in Seongdong-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Jung-gu in Seoul, and lowest in ‘gun' areas, such as Hoengseong-gun in Gangwon, Hwasun-gun in Jeonnam, and Cheongsong-gun in Gyeongbuk. A total of about 20 towns and villages had an accessibility index of 0 for diabetes care institutions. An index of 0 indicates that diabetes patients lack access to healthcare services within a critical travel time of 30 minutes. This study underscores the need to address regional inequalities in outpatient care and offers valuable evidence to support the equitable allocation of healthcare resources.

기후 위기와 도시 고밀화 등으로 인해 재난의 피해 규모는 예측하기 어려워지고 있다. 그러나 한국에서는 대피소 지정 및 관리 체계가 미흡한 상황이다. 특히 인구 밀집 지역에서는 특정 대피소로의 과도한 집중이 2차 피해를초래할 위험이 있다. 이에 따라 접근성과 혼잡도를 평가하고 접근성이 낮거나 혼잡도가 높은 지역에 대피소 증설 등을 통해 피해를 최소화할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 인구 밀도가 높은 서울시를 대상으로 G2SFCA와 I2SFCA 모형을 활용해 두가지 시나리오를 설정하여 대피소별 접근성과 혼잡도를 측정하였다. 시나리오 1에서는 행정경계를 넘어 대피소로 이동이 가능한 경우를, 시나리오 2에서는 행정경계 내에서만 이동이 가능한 경우를 가정하였다. 분석 결과, 시나리오 1의 경우 지역 간 접근성과 혼잡도가 균등하였으나 시나리오 2에서는 지역 간 접근성과 혼잡도가 상대적으로불균등한 경향을 나타냈다. 이 연구는 고밀 도시인 서울을 대상으로 하여 대피소를 접근성, 혼잡도 측면에서 통합적으로 분석하여 재난 상황 시 인명피해를 최소화할 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The scale of disasters is becoming increasingly unpredictable due to the climate crisis and urban densification. However, in South Korea, the system for designating and managing shelters is inadequate. Especially in densely populated areas, there is a risk that over-concentration in certain shelters may cause secondary damage. Therefore, it is necessary to assess accessibility and crowdedness and minimize damage by expanding shelters in inaccessible or overcrowded areas. In this study, two scenarios were set up using the G2SFCA and I2SFCA models to measure the accessibility and crowdedness of shelters in Seoul, a densely populated city. Scenario 1 assumes that people can travel to shelters across administrative boundaries, while Scenario 2 assumes that people can only travel within administrative boundaries. The analysis showed that in Scenario 1, accessibility and crowdedness were equalized across regions, but in Scenario 2, accessibility and crowdedness tended to be relatively unequal across regions. This study is significant in that it provides policy implications for minimizing human casualties in disaster situations by analyzing shelters in terms of accessibility and crowdedness in Seoul, a dense city, in an integrated manner.

이 연구는 지리 정보 시스템을 활용하여 우리나라 소아 전문 치과 병·의원의 접근성을 평가하고 접근성이 가장 좋은 지역과 좋지 못한 지역을 정량적으로 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. 분석 결과 서울에서 가장 높은 정도의 밀집도를 보여주었고, 경북과 전북에서 가장 낮은 정도의 밀집도를 보여주었다. 서울은 10 km 기준에서 모든 행정구역에서 100%의 서비스 면적 비율을 보여주어 서울의 모든 지역에서 수요가 발생할 수 있음을 나타냈다. 하지만 경북, 전북의 경우 절반 이상의 행정구역에서 0%의 서비스 면적 비율을 보여주었다. 초등학교에서 가장 가까운 소아치과 병·의원까지의 거리를 살펴보았을 때 서울은 평균 3.45 km였으나 경북, 전북은 각각 43.66 km, 40.57 km로 서울에 비해 각각 12.66배, 11.76배에 달하는 평균 거리를 보여주었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of pediatric dental clinics and quantitatively compare the regions with the best and worst accessibility to pediatric dental clinics in South Korea using the geographic information system. Seoul city showed the highest density of pediatric dental clinics, while Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk provinces showed the lowest density. Seoul city had a service area ratio of 100% in all districts on a 10 km basis. In Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk provinces, more than half of the districts had a service area ratio of 0%. In Seoul, the average distance from elementary school to the nearest pediatric dental clinic was 3.45 km. The average distance values were 43.66 km and 40.57 km in Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk provinces, respectively, which were 12.66 times and 11.76 times longer than the average distance in Seoul city.

Background: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of women in childbearing age to the healthcare organizations (HCOs) providing delivery services in Gangwon-do. Methods: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility based on the travel time and road travel distance. Travel time and travel distance were measured between the location of HCOs and the centroid of the smallest administrative areas, eup, myeon, and dong in Gangwon-do. Korean Transport Database Center provided road network GIS (Geographic Information System) Database in 2015 and it was used to build the network dataset. Two types of network analysis, service area analysis and origin-destination (OD)-cost matrix analysis, applied to the created network dataset. Service area analysis defined all-accessible areas that are within a specified time, and OD-cost matrix analysis measured the least-cost paths from the HCOs to the centroids. The visualization of the number of the HCOs and the number of women in childbearing age on the Ganwon-do map and network analysis were performed with ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). Results: Twenty HCOs were providing delivery services in Gangwon-do in 2016. Over 50% of the women in childbearing age were aged more than 35 years. Service area analysis found that 89.56% of Gangwon-do area took less than 60 minutes to reach any types of HCOs. For tertiary hospitals, about 74.37% of Gangwon-do area took more than 60 minutes. Except Wonju-si and Hoengseong-gun, other regions took more than 60 minutes to reach the tertiary hospital. Especially, Goseong-gun, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Sokcho-si, Yanggu-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Taebaek-si took more than 100 minutes to the tertiary hospital. Conclusion: This study provided that the accessibility toward the tertiary hospital was limited and it may cause problems in high-risk delivery patients such as over 35 years. Health policy makers will need to handle the obstetric accessibility issues in Gangwon-do.

물리적인 거리 접근성은 도서관 이용자들에게 가장 중요한 변수라고 할 수 있다. 특히, 공공도서관은 지역주민 모두가 어디에서나 편리하게 양질의 도서관 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록 제공해야 할 의무가 있다. 본 연구는 강원도를 사례지역으로 GIS의 접근성 분석을 이용하여 사용자와 도서관의 공간적인 분포의 특징을 분석하였다. 도서관 서비스의 공급 측면에서는 도서관의 좌석수, 소장 자료의 규모, 독서･문화프로그램의 실시 횟수를, 수요 측면에서는 각 지역의 인구수를 각각 가중치로 사용하였다. 분석결과, 강원도의 도서관 분포는 춘천, 원주, 강릉 등 주요 도시지역에 서비스가 집중되어 있고, 상대적으로 넓은 지역을 차지하는읍･면 등 농촌지역은 매우 취약한 것으로 나타나 지역적 편차가 심각한 것을 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 강원도 공공도서관의공간적 분포를 이해하고, 지역주민의 공공도서관 접근성을 높이기 위한 정책수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Physical accessibility to the library can be the most important variable to the users. In particular, public libraries have to provide various services that are distributed equally to all as a basic right. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of the public libraries and their users in Gangwon province on the regional scale and identify its main characteristics and trends using geographical information systems (GIS). GIS is used to measure accessibility to public libraries services in terms of both factors of supply and demand. This study presents a multivariate analysis of the effects of supply-side factors (e.g., seating capacity, collection size of books, reading, and cultural programs for community) and demand-side factors (e.g., population). Analysis indicates that there are significant differences between rural and urban areas in accessibility for library services in Gangwon province. The results could be used to assist the public library planning and development authorities to understand the spatial distribution of public libraries and to prioritize sites where public library should be developed in order to improve the accessibility for library services in the study area.

본 연구는 중력모델 기반의 접근도 분석 모델을 수정 보완하여 연령별 응급의료 서비스의 접근도를 분석한 내용이다. 보건의료 접근도 분석에 적용되고 있는 Two-Step Floating Catchment Area(2SFCA) 모델을 보완하여 임계거리 차별화, 거리조락 반영, 연령별 응급의료 이용가중치, 관내 응급의료기관 선택가중치 등을 반영하였다. 개선된 접근도 모델(Modified Three-Step Floating Catchment Area model, M3SFCA)을 통해 충청남도 응급의료기관의 공간적 접근성 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유소년층, 청장년층, 노년층 모두 응급의료기관을 중심으로 접근성이 높고, 임계거리가 중첩되는 지역에서 접근성이 높았다. 둘째, 시군 연령별 공간적 접근성은 연령대별로 지역차가 뚜렷하며, 전반적으로 북부지역이 남부지역보다 접근성이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 연령별로 접근성 차이가 발생한 이유는 연령별 임계거리, 응급의료기관 이용비중, 관내 기관 이용비중이 각각 다르며, 연령별 총 인구수의 차이로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 응급의료 접근도 모델 개선을 통해 이론적 연구를 통한 실제 현장의 활용성의 가능성과 잠재성을 확인하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보건의료 및 응급의료 관련 정책 개발 및 활용에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

This paper presents an enhancement of the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility between three age groups, addressing the problem of uniform access within the catchment by applying multiple impedance function to account for distance decay and by applying weights to different age groups to account for medical service preference. The enhancement is provided to be another special care of the gravity model. When applying this modified three-step floating catchment area to measure the spatial access to emergency medical services in a study area, Chungnam province in South Korea, we find that it reveals the variation of spatial accessibility patterns between cities and rural areas and delineates more spatially explicit medical service shortage areas in southern Chungnam areas, especially remoted local rural areas. Finally, this method may be used to help the health and medical service divisions and the state departments improve designation of medical shortage areas. From the discussions, it is easy to implement in planning spatial policies of medical service and straightforward to be used as a basic, but core element for health and medical strategies in the province.