Earticle

The purpose of this study was to learning the effects of sitting posture on lung capacity. Subjects were 45 healthy adults and center of pressure, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC were measured. FVC and FEV1 were significantly high in the order of short lordosis posture, normal posture, and slumped posture. Lung capacity reduced the most with slumped posture. When exercising in sitting posture, it will be effective to inform patients about keeping a normal posture or short lordosis posture using lumbar support.

Objective To evaluate the impact of initial “sitting-unsupported” Berg Balance Scale (SUB), the specific trunk control parameter, on patients’ functional outcome, Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) at 6 months.Methods The charts of 30 patients retrospectively reviewed reviewed. The initial Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS) including SUB along with patients’ Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and other functional parameters that affect functional outcome were recorded. Cases were divided into low (group I) and high (group II) initial SUB score groups. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between the initial SUB on the K-MBI at 6 months.Results The mean±standard deviation score of initial SUB/K-MBI at 6 months of groups I and II were 0.056±0.236/26.89±32.48, 3.58±0.515/80.25±18.78, respectively, and showed statistical significant differences to each other (p<0.05). K-MBI at 6 months was highly correlated with initial GCS, SUB, K-BBS, K-MMSE, and initial K-MBI (p<0.05). In multiple linear regression analysis, initial SUB and GCS scores remained significantly associated with K-MBI at 6 months. A logistic regression model revealed that initial SUB (p=0.004, odds ratio=16), initial K-MBI, GCS, and K-MMSE were all significant predictors of K-MBI scores at 6 months.Conclusion Initial SUB scores could be helpful in predicting patient’s potential functional recovery at 6 months. Further studies with concurrent controls and a larger sample group are required to fully establish this tool.

Purpose: Sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress strongly influence physical health independent of physical activity. However, the associations among perceived stress, sedentary behavior, and smoking are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress in Korean adults aged < 65 years. Methods: We analyzed data from the seventh National Health and Nutrition Survey. In this cross-sectional study, data from 6,890 Korean adults aged < 65 years were analyzed. Complex-sample logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress. Results: The group with a high sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and those who smoked had significantly higher odds of experiencing stress than the low sitting time (< 8 h/ day) and non-smoking groups (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.50). Conclusion: Perceived stress was positively correlated with current smoking status and increased sitting time. High sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and current smoking were associated with a higher risk of perceived stress in Korean adults aged < 65 years.

Background The muscle activation of the serratus anterior (SA) is important for the performance of glenohumeral joint during functional activities. However, little research in comparison of SA muscle activation during self-resisted scapular protraction exercises in forward flexion of shoulder has been reported. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity of SA during three different scapular protraction exercises according to various conditions [Forward flexion with protraction (FFP), FFP with self-resistance (FFPS), FFPS with hand-exerciser (FFPSH)] in healthy individuals in sitting position. Study design Comparative, repeated measures design Methods Twenty subjects were participated. The muscle activity of SA, upper trapezius (UT) and pectoralis major (PM) were measured by using a surface electromyography device. Each subject was asked to perform three different scapular protraction exercises (FFP vs. FFPS vs. FFPSH) in random order. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The level of statistical significance was set at α=0.01. Results The muscle activity of SA and the SA/UT ratio were significantly different among three conditions (FFP vs. FFPS vs. FFPSH) (p<0.01). The muscle activity of SA and the SA/UT ratio during FFPSH were significantly greater compared to those with FFP and FFPS (p<0.01). However, the SA/PM ratio was not significantly different among three conditions (p>0.05). Conclusions FFPSH exercise for facilitation of SA muscle can be recommended.

Objective To investigate the dose-related effect of trunk control training (TCT) using Trunk Stability Rehabilitation Robot Balance Trainer (TSRRBT) in chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. Methods This was a retrospective study of 38 chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance that underwent TCT with TSRRBT. The participants were assigned either to the low-dose training (LDT) group (n=18) or to the high-dose training (HDT) group (n=20). In addition to the conventional rehabilitation therapy, the LDT group received 5 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week, whereas the HDT group received 10 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week. The outcome measures were the scores on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and its subscales, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). All outcome measures were assessed before the training and at the end of the 4-week training. Results After the 4-week intervention, TIS, BBS, FAC, and K-MBI scores showed improvement in both LDT and HDT groups. Furthermore, the improvements in TIS scores and its subscales were significantly greater in the HDT group than in the LDT group (p<0.05). Conclusion TCT using TSRRBT could be an additional treatment for the conventional rehabilitation therapy of chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. HDT may provide more beneficial effects on improving patients’ sitting balance than LDT.

Background: Exercise for pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) is an effective intervention method to reduce urinary incontinence. The PFMs maintain trunk stability by improving intra-abdominal pressure by co-contracting with the transverse abdominis (TrA), multifidus (MF), and diaphragm muscles. Purpose: This study investigated the effect of indirect PFMs activation using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) on trunk muscle activity in a sitting position. Study design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: A total of 20 healthy female participants were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure TrA/internal abdominal oblique (IO), MF, external abdominal oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) activity during PFMs activation. EMG was used to measure trunk muscle activity under three conditions: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 10 min of exercise. The mean value of trunk muscle activity under each of three conditions was analyzed by a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. A post hoc test was used to compare significant differences between each set of conditions. Results: A significant increase in muscle activity (%maximal voluntary isometric contraction) of the TrA/IO, MF, EO, and RA was observed immediately after indirect PFMs activation exercise (p<0.01). After 10 min of PFMs activation, significant increases in TrA/IO and MF muscle activity was observed. Conclusions: These results indicate that indirect PFMs activation in a sitting position using a PBU may be beneficial for increasing stabilization of the trunk and PFMs, specifically the TrA/IO muscles.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sitting volleyball performance and the field fitness of sitting volleyball players. Forty-five elite sitting volleyball players participated in 10 field fitness tests. Additionally, the players’ head coach and coach assessed their volleyball performance (receive and defense, block, attack, and serve). Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 21 by using correlation and regression analyses, and the significance level was set at P< 0.05. The results showed that chest pass, overhand throw, onehand throw, one-hand side throw, splint, speed endurance, reaction time, and graded exercise test results had a statistically significant influence on the players’ abilities to attack, serve, and block. Grip strength, t-test, speed, and agility showed a statistically significant relationship with the players’ skill at defense and receive. Our results showed that chest pass, overhand throw, one-hand throw, one-hand side throw, speed endurance, reaction time, and graded exercise test results had a statistically significant influence on volleyball performance.

Objective: To examine changes in seat-interface pressure in wheelchair seated spinal cord injured patients. Method: Twenty-six spinal cord injured patients, who were motor complete tetraplegic and paraplegic patients, were included in this study. After 5 cm air-filled cushion (ROHOⓡ) was placed on their own wheelchair seat, patients were seated on wheelchair with neutral position for sixty minutes. The interface pressure and contact area of buttock was measured every 5 minutes. Results: Significant increases of interface pressure were found in maximal and mean interface pressure during 0 to 25 minutes of sitting (p＜0.05). An increased tendency of contact area of buttock was observed during sitting time but it was not significant. Conclusion: There were no significant changes of interface pressure after 25 minutes of sitting in spinal cord injured patients. Therefore, twenty-five minutes may be a reasonable sitting time before interface pressure is recorded.

본 연구의 목적은 VDT증후군 중 근골격계 질환의 원인의 하나인 ‘바르지 못한 앉은 자세’를 센서가 부착된 의자와 피드백 제공 프로그램 개발을 통해 객관적으로 측정하고 안전행동비율의 증가 여부에 대한 즉각적 피드백과 일일 피드백의 상대적인 효과를 비교하는 것이었다. 직장인 4명(남자2명, 여자2명)이 본 연구에 참여하였으며 이들은 각자 근무하는 회사에서 본 연구를 위해 개발한 센서가 부착된 의자에 앉아 실험에 참여하였다. 다기저선 설계(multiple baseline design)방법이 사용되었으며, 처치단계의 변화는 한 단계 당 최소 3번의 측정이 포함되도록 하는 조건으로 무선적으로 결정되었다. 기저선 측정단계를 시작으로 교육 및 훈련을 거쳐 일일피드백 제공 단계와 즉각적 피드백과 일일피드백 제공 단계를 처치하였으며, 4명 중 2명은 순서효과를 고려하여 마지막 두 단계의 순서를 바꾸어 실행하였다. 연구결과, 일일피드백과 즉각적 피드백 모두 안전행동비율을 유의미하게 증가시켰으며, 즉각적 피드백과 일일피드백을 함께 제공하였을 때 일일피드백만을 제공하였을 때보다 안전행동비율이 유의미하게 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 본 연구에서 개발한 센서 의자와 프로그램을 통한 즉각적인 피드백 제공이 근골격계질환의 예방 및 바른 앉은 자세 유지에 큰 도움이 될 수 있다는 것을 제안하고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과에 따른 시사점, 장점 및 제한점과 후속 연구에 대한 제언이 기술되었다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of immediate and delayed feedback on unsafe sitting behaviors that may cause VDT syndromes. Participants were four white color workers (2 males and 2 females) who spend most of their working time on interacting with computers. Chairs were developed particularly for the present study such that they could detect participants' unsafe sitting postures using sensors and provide feedback on the computer monitors. Under the delayed feedback condition, the feedback was provided after each 6 hour session was completed. Under the immediate feedback condition, on the contrary, small “pop-up” windows appeared on the computer monitor whenever participants engaged in unsafe postures more than 14 seconds. Multiple baseline across participants were adopted. After baseline phase, the delayed feedback condition was first introduced and then the immediate feedback condition was added for the next phase for two participants. For the remaining two participants, the delayed plus immediate feedback was first introduced after baseline and then the immediate feedback was withdrawn for the next phase. The results indicated that feedback, regardless of the type, considerably increased safe sitting behaviors. More importantly, the immediate feedback was more effective than was the delayed feedback in increasing safe sitting behaviors.

본 연구는 특수교사와 특수보조원의 특수학급 방과 후 미술치료 프로그램 참관과 참여 경험에 관한 질적 분석을 통해 참관과 참여 이전과 과정, 그리고 이후의 미술치료에 대한 참관과 참여 경험 및 인식의 변화를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 서울지역 5개 초등학교의 특수교사와 특수보조원 8명을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였고, 미술치료 프로그램 참관과 참여 경험은 2012년 3월 첫째 주부터 6월 둘째 주까지 총 15주 15회기였다. 연구 방법으로는 Van Kaam의 현상학적인 질적 연구 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미술치료 프로그램 참관과 참여 이전 8명의 특수교사와 특수보조원들은 모두 미술치료를 자기표현을 위한 활동으로 기대하고 있었고, 이는 미술치료 참관과 참여 경험 이후에서 미술치료 프로그램에 참여한 학생들의 자기표현이 향상되었음을 보고함으로써 미술치료에 대한 특수교사와 특수보조원들의 기대를 전원 만족시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 둘째, 학생중심의 미술활동 및 치료적 접근은 특수교사와 특수보조원들에게 새로운 자극이 되어 많은 사례에서 학생중심 미술치료의 중요성을 언급하였다. 이러한 결과는 특수교사와 특수보조원들의 미술치료에 대한 참관과 참여 경험의 변화를 가져왔고, 기법을 사용한 미술활동은 단지 매개물이며 미술치료는 그 이상의 목표와 목적을 가진다는 인식의 변화를 보여주었다.

This study aimed at learning the changes in the experiences and recognition of special education teachers and assistants before and after sitting and joining in the after-school art therapy classes through a qualitative study. In order to accomplish this goal, we selected 8 teachers of special education teachers and assistants in 5 elementary schools of the Seoul metropolitan area as the subjects of our study with their consent, and took a qualitative study by using Van Kaam's Phenomenological Qualitative Study Method. They took the art therapy 15 times for 15 weeks from the first week of March, 2012 to the second week of June, 2012. The results of our study are as follows. All of the special education teachers and assistants recognized the therapy as an activity of self-expressing based on the expectation from the experiences that they had before sitting and joining in the therapy. All special education teachers and assistants reported that the capability of self-expression of the students in the therapy was improved, and this accorded with their expectation. Second, the student-centered approach for therapy acted as a powerful stimulus, and they made lots of mentions for the necessity of the student-centered approach for therapy. This changed their recognition and experience over the art therapy, and they began to think that skill-oriented art activity is just a tool and the art therapy has a further goal.

Objective: To investigate differences in the dynamic postural control in unstable sitting position between children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and normally developing children. Method: Sixteen children with spastic diplegic CP who could sit alone and walk independently and sixteen age- matched normally developing children were included. The evaluation system for postural control consisted of unstable platform, force plate, frame, safety harness, monitor and computer. Force plate on unstable platform measured center of pressure (COP) of the subject. COP sway, COP maintaining time and COP moving time were recorded in both groups. In diplegic CP group, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was evaluated. Results: In COP sway, the distance away from central location was significantly increased and time maintaining on circle at center decreased significantly in diplegic CP group (p＜0.05). The children with diplegic CP showed significant decrease in maintaining time and significant increase in moving time in all directions. COP sway was significantly correlated with GMFM. Conclusion: Postural control in children with spastic diplegic CP walking independently was revealed to be significantly worse compared to normal age-matched children. Further studies are necessary to find out whether the training for seated postural control could improve the motor function.

목적 : 본 연구는 수동 휠체어를 사용하는 편마비 환자를 대상으로 휠체어의 바른 자세 교육을 제공하여 휠체어에 앉았 을 때 압력 분포, 휠체어 사이즈의 적합성과 사용자의 만족도를 조사하였다. 연구방법 : 부산 D의료원에서 치료 중이며, 현재 수동 휠체어를 사용하고 있는 편마비인 뇌졸중 환자 38명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 설계는‘한 그룹 사전평가–사후평가’를 사용하였다. 중재로 사용된 휠체어 자세 교육은 자세 교육 및 상 담, 발 받침대 조절과 시트쿠션 및 삽입물 제공에 대한 내용이 포함되었다. 연구도구는 엉덩이 압력 측정을 위한 CONFORMat, 신체계측을 위한 줄자, 사용자의 만족도 측정을 위한 QUEST 2.0을 사용하였다. 결과 : 엉덩이 압력은 비마비측과 마비측의 최대압력 차이가 감소하였으며, 뒤쪽에 치우쳤던 최대압력이 앞쪽으로 분산 되었다(p＜.05). 휠체어 표준치와 대상자 실측치의 오차가 좌석의 넓이와 깊이, 발판, 등받이와 팔걸이 높이의 모든 항 목에서 유의한 차이로 감소하였다(p＜.01). 휠체어 기기와 서비스의 모든 항목에서 중재 후 만족도가 유의하게 증가 하였다(p＜.01). 결론 : 휠체어 자세 교육이 엉덩이 압력, 휠체어 사이즈의 적합성과 사용자의 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같 은 휠체어 자세 교육은 환자들의 욕창을 예방하며, 휠체어 사용 시 안전성을 제공하여 자세 유지에 도움이 될 것이다. 앞으로 임상에서는 휠체어를 사용하는 사람들에게 사용 초기에 앉기 자세 교육과 휠체어에 대한 맞춤 서비스를 제공 해야 할 것이다.

Objective : The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sitting position and the satisfaction of wheelchair sitting education in hemiparesis patients. Methods : The design of this research includes pre-test and post-test studies. A total of 38 hemiplegia patients participated in the study. As an intervention, the wheelchair sitting education was conducted one time for 30 to 40 minutes, involves postural education and counseling, controls the foot plate, and offers a seat cushion and insertion. The sitting position and satisfaction were evaluated using Tekscan mat, the anthropometric dimension, and QUEST 2.0. Results : As a result of this study, the patients demonstrated a significant reduction in asymmetry of buttockpressure (p<.05). An error in anthropometric dimension showed a significant reduction based on the seat width and depth, foot plate, backrest, and armrest height (p<.05). The wheelchair device and service area showed a significant improvement in all items (p<.05). Conclusion : The wheelchair sitting education showed a beneficial effect on the buttock-pressure, anthropometric dimension, and satisfaction. Therefore, occupational therapists need to provide wheelchair sitting education.

본 연구의 목적은 16주간 좌식배구 참여가 지체장애인의 자아탄력성과 신체적 자기효능감에 어떠한 차이가 있 는지를 규명하였다. 본 연구대상은 A도, B장애인복지관에서 운영하는 좌식배구 프로그램에 참여를 희망하는 여성 지 체장애인 20명(실험집단 10명, 통제집단 10명)으로 하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 이용하여 요인분석을 통한 신 뢰도와 타당도를 실시하였고 집단에 대한 결과는 이원반복측정 분산분석(2-way[2] RM ANOVA)으로 분석하였으 며, 모든 유의 수준은 .05로 하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 좌식배구 참여는 지체장애인의 자아탄력성 수준의 향상에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 집단과 측정시점에 있어서도 자아탄력성 수준에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 좌식배구 참여는 지체장애인의 신체적 자기효능감 하위요인 중 인지된 신체능력과 신체적 자기표현 자신감의 향 상에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 집단과 측정시점에 있어서도 두 가지 요인 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-week sitting volleyball participation on the ego- resilience and physical self-efficacy of the disabled. The subjects of this study were 20 women with disabilities (10 experimental group, 10 control group) who wanted to participate in a left - handed volleyball program run by the A and B disability welfare centers. All data were analyzed using factor analysis(SPSS 21.0), and the results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA(2-way ANOVA). All significance levels were .05. The results of this study were as follows: First, participation of left - hand volleyball had a positive effect on the improvement of ego-resilience level of the handicapped, and positively affected ego-resilience level in group and measurement time. Second, the participation of left-handed volleyball has a positive effect on the improvement of perceived physical ability and self-expression of physical self-efficacy among the physically disabled people. It affected.

본 연구는 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기가 대학생의 몸통안정근육 활성화에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구 대상자는 대구 D학교 물리치료학과 재학생 28명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구는 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기를 한 실험군(EG:n=12)과 일반 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기를 한 대조군 (CG:n=16)으로 무작위로 나누어 진행하였다. 실험은 근전도(EMG)를 사용하여 몸통안정화 근육들(RA:rectus abodominis, EO:external oblique, and ES:erector spinae)의 활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 두 그룹 모두 RA 와 EO 두 근육에서는 유의한 변화가 없었으나, ES에서는 두 그룹 내, 두 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 몸통앞쪽보다 뒤쪽 근육에서 유의한 효과가 나타난 것은 중력에 대항하여 정상적인 척추 커브를 유지하기 위해 ES 근육들의 활성화되기 때문이며, 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기가 근육활성화에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 통증이 있는 환자를 대상으로 효과를 입증하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

This study examined how sitting on an air-sensor balance seat with visual feedback influences the activation of trunk stabilization muscles in college students. A total of 28 physical therapy students from Daegu D School were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG: n = 12), which used an air-sensor balance seat with visual feedback, or a control group (CG: n = 16), which used a general air-sensor balance seat. Electromyography was used to measure changes in the activity of trunk stabilization muscles, namely, the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES). Although no notable changes were observed in RA and EO activity in either group, ES activation showed significant differences both within each group and between the two groups. These results suggest that the significant effects observed in the muscles at the back of the trunk rather than the front were due to the activation of the ES muscles to maintain a normal spinal curve against gravity. The findings confirm that using visual feedback with an air-sensor balance seat effectively boosts muscle activation. Further research is necessary to explore this intervention’s potential benefits for individuals experiencing pain.

이 연구의 목적은 10주간 좌식배구 참여를 통한 지체장애인들의 정신적 웰니스 및 운동정서에 미치는 영향을 규명 하는데 있다. 연구대상은 A시 장애인체육회의 지원을 받아 B스포츠센터의 좌식배구교실 참여를 희망하는 지체장애인 18명을 대상으로 실험집단 9명과 통제집단 9명으로 구성하였으며, 연구결과는 SPSS 26.0을 이용하여 이원 반복측정 분산분석(2-way[2] RM ANOVA)을 적용하였으며, 좌식배구 참여전과 후를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 정신적 웰니스에 있어서 지체장애인들의 좌식배구 참여는 신념과 가치의 하위요인에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 특히 자아 성취력과 보람과 사랑의 하위요인에서 좌식배구 참여 전과 후에 매우 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 운동정서에 있어서 지체장애인들의 좌식배구 참여는 심리적 스트레스에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 특히 신체적 스트레스, 심리적 스트레스, 긍정적 행복감의 모든 하위요인에서 좌식배구 참여 전과 후에 매우 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sitting volleyball participation for 10 weeks on the mental wellness and motor emotion of physically disabled. The subjects of the study consisted of 9 experimental group and 9 control group of 18 people with physical disabilities who wished to participate in the sitting y volleyball class of Sports Center B with the support of the Sports Council for the Disabled in A City. Repeated measures analysis of variance (2-way [2] RM ANOVA) was applied, and analysis was performed before and after participating in sitting volleyball. In summary, the results first, sitting volleyball participation of the physically disabled in mental wellness has a positive effect on the sub-factors of beliefs and values, particularly self seongchwiryeok and rewarding and very positive before and after the sitting volleyball participation in the sub-factors of the love of effect appeared. Second, participation in sitting volleyball by the physically disabled had a positive effect on psychological stress in terms of exercise emotion.

이 연구의 목적은 10주간 좌식배구 참여가 지체장애인들의 스포츠 태도와 자기수용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 한다. 연구대상은 A시 B장애인체육회의 지원을 받아서 C스포츠센터에서 운영하는 좌식배구교실에 참여할 것을 희망한 지체장애인 20명으로써 실험집단 10명과 통제집단 10명으로 구성하였다. 모든 자료 SPSS 26.0을 사용하여 이원반복측정 분산분석(2-way[2] RM ANOVA)으로 분석하였다. 연구결과로는 첫째, 좌식배구프로그램 참여는 지체 장애인들의 스포츠 태도의 하위요인인 신체적 태도, 사회적 태도, 개인적 태도에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 특히 프로그램 참여 전과 후에 있어서는 신체적 태도, 개인적 태도, 정서적 태도에 매우 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 좌식배구프로그램 참여는 지체장애인들의 자기수용의 하위요인인 긍정적 자기수용과 부정적 자기수용에 매우 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in sedentary volleyball for 10 weeks on sports attitudes and self-acceptance of the physically disabled. The study subjects consisted of 10 experimental groups and 10 control groups with 20 persons with physical disabilities who wished to participate in a sitting volleyball class operated by the C Sports Center with the support of the A City B Disabled Sports Association. All data were analyzed by two-way iteration variance analysis (2-way [2] RM ANOVA) using SPSS 26.0. As a result of the study, first, participation in the volleyball volleyball program has a positive effect on physical attitudes, social attitudes, and personal attitudes that are sub-factors of sports attitudes of people with physical disabilities. It had a very positive effect. Second, participation in the volleyball volleyball program had a very positive effect on positive self-acceptance and negative self-acceptance, which are sub-factors of self-acceptance for people with physical disabilities.

본 연구의 목적은 10주간 지체장애인들의 좌식배구 참여가 자기수용 및 사회적 연결감의 심리적 변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 연구대상으로는 A시 B장애인 배구협회에서 운영하는 좌식배구 교실 참여를 희망하는 지체장애 인 20명으로 하였다. 모든 자료 SPSS 21.0에 의한 이원반복측정 분산분석(2-way[2] RM ANOVA)으로 교실 참여 전과 후를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 보면 첫째, 지체장애인들의 좌식배구 참여는 자기수용의 하위요인인 긍정적 자기수용 에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 특히 참여하는 시점인 전과 후에 대한 하위요인에 있어서는 긍정적 자기수용과 부정적 자기수 용 모두 매우 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 지체장애인들의 좌식배구 참여는 사회적 연결감의 하위요인인 유대감과 사회적 소속감에 매우 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 특히 참여하는 시점인 전과 후에 대한 하위요인에 있어서도 유대감, 사회 적 소속감 모두 매우 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sedentary volleyball participation of the physically disabled for 10 weeks on the psychological changes of self-acceptance and social connection. The subjects of this study were 20 people with physical disabilities who wanted to participate in the sedentary volleyball class run by the City B Volleyball Association for the Disabled. All data were analyzed before and after classroom participation by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (2-way [2] RM ANOVA) by SPSS 21.0. According to the study results, first, participation in sedentary volleyball by the physically disabled has a positive effect on positive self-acceptance, which is a sub-factor of self-acceptance. It had a positive effect. Second, participation in sedentary volleyball by the physically disabled has a very positive effect on the sense of bonding and social belonging, which are sub-factors of social connection, and especially in the sub-factors before and after the time of participation, both the bond and the sense of social belonging have very positive effects. there was.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wearing a waist belt on the changes in thickness of the diaphragm and sternocleidomastoid muscles, as well as its impact on breathing while sitting. The study was conducted with a total of 30 participants, who were randomly divided into two groups of 15. The experimental group was instructed to wear a belt, while the control group did not wear one. the methods involved having subjects seated on a chair with a backrest and maintaining a specific position for 30 minutes while measurements were taken. Pulmonary function was assessed while seated by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The movement of the diaphragm and the thickness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were measured using M-mode and B-mode ultrasonography. The results showed significant differences in FVC, FEV1, diaphragm movement, and chest size before and after the intervention (p<.05), for the experimental group, whereas no significant differences were observed before and after the intervention for the control group(p>.05). There were no significant differences in the thickness of the sternocleidomastoid muscles before and after the intervention in either group(p<.05). The results of this study suggest that wearing a waist belt for 30 minutes while sitting can significantly reduce FVC, FEV1, and diaphragm movement, while also increasing chest circumference compared to not wearing a waist belt.

이 연구의 목적은 방과 후 단기간의 좌식배구 참여가 여고생들의 장애인식 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하 여 규명하고자 한다. 연구 대상은 A도 B시에 있는 C여자고등학교 1학년에 재학 중인 30명을 대상으로 하였으며, 방과 후 15회기로 진행되는 좌식배구 참여를 희망하는 실험집단 15명과 참여를 하지 않는 통제집단 15명으로 구성하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 21.0을 활용하여 이원반복측정 분산분석(2-way RM ANOVA)으로 좌식배구 참여 전과 후를 분석하 였다. 결론적으로 여고생들의 좌식배구와 같은 장애인스포츠 참여는 장애인식 변화의 감정, 신체적 외모, 학습 행동, 사회 적 행동의 변화에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to determine how participation in sitting volleyball for a short period of time after school affects the change in awareness of disability among high school girls. The subjects of the study were 30 first-year students at C Girls' High School located in City B of A Province. 15 people were in the experimental group who wanted to participate in 15 sessions of sitting volleyball after school, and 15 were in the control group who did not participate. It was composed of people. For data processing, SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze before and after participation in sitting volleyball using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (2-way RM ANOVA). In conclusion, high school girls' participation in disabled sports such as sitting volleyball had a positive effect on changes in disability awareness, physical appearance, learning behavior, and social behavior.