Earticle

Considering the supply system and operating cost of enterprises which are in the supply chain as the main index, this paper establishes a supply chain evaluation model, and utilizes Arena building stimulation model of the supply chain which considers manufacturing enterprises as the core of supply chain. This model designs a generic simulation model of the supply chain including multi-level distributors and suppliers. And the model analyzes a representative example of business process, one of the enterprises in Shandong.

교수자가 학생들의 자율적인 팀 결성의 행동적 특성을 파악하는 것은 교과에서 팀 활동을 효과적으로 지도 하기 위해 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 에이전트 기반의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 학생들의 팀 결성 행동 특성을 모사 할 수 있는 컴퓨터 모형을 개발하였다. 실험을 통한 검증 결과 개발된 모형은 실제 학생들의 행동적 특성을 모사할 수 있음이 관찰되었다. 학생의 수와 팀원을 찾는 탐색의 범위가 클수록 팀의 결성이 안정화되기까지의 시간이 줄어 들며 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율 또한 줄어들지만 어느 한계를 넘어서면 시간과 비율에 있어 큰 차이가 없음을 발견하였다. 또한 융·복합 교과 등에서 구성원 간의 이질성이 증가한다면 팀 구성 시간과 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율이 급격히 증가하므로 경우에 따라 교수자가 학생들의 팀 구성에 적절하게 개입하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었 다. 개발된 모형을 통해 모의실험 함으로써 학생들의 팀 결성의 성격과 구조를 진단하고 분석할 수 있으므로 개발된 모형은 학생들의 팀 활동을 지원하는 도구로 유용하리라 기대한다.

It is necessary for an instructor to understand the student's team building behavior for an effective guidance of team activities. In this study, we developed an agent-based computational model for simulating the student's self-controlled behavior. We validated the model by comparing the actual behavior. Through the simulation, we found that the time to stabilization of team formation and the ratio of the students having no team are decreasing as the population of the student increases. However, we also found that over a certain amount of population, the time and the ratio do not show much progress in the difference. The simulation also shows that the more heterogeneity between the students the higher chance of delaying the team formation and increasing the ratio. We expect to use the model as a tool for guiding and supporting students’ team activities.

현대 과학기술의 발전에 따라 예술의 도구도 점차적으로 발전하였다. 다양한 미디어 기술들을 활용한 인터랙티브 아트는 사람들에게 빠르게 전파되었고, 새로운 예술의 형식으로 인식되고 있다. 인터랙티브 아트는 회화나 조각과 같은 전통적인 예술 표현 방식과는 차이가 있다. 관객과 작품 사이의 인터랙션을 통해 예술가, 참여 자와 작품의 사이의 균형을 이루었다. 관객은 작품을 감상하는 것을 넘어서, 작품을 만드는 데 참여할 수 있다. 본 논문은 예술 창작의 관점에서 인간의 감각에 기반한 인터렉티브 아트 제작 기술을 시각적, 청각적, 촉각적 측면 에서 분석하고, 관련 사례들을 결합하여 ‘시뮬레이션-체험’모델을 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 모델을 사용해서 제작 한 ‘Charming’이란 작품을 소개하고, 그 의미를 분석한다. 본 논문은 인간의 감각에 기반한 인터랙티브 아트 제작 기술 분석을 통해 형식의 변화 및 인터랙티브 아트의 미래 발전을 예측하여 예술성, 기술성, 그리고 사회적 영향성 에 적용될 수 있도록 비전을 제시한다.

Recent advances in science and technology leveraged various artistic tools. Interactive art based on various media technologies became popular in a short period, and is widely appreciated as a new form of art. This new form of art has a different method of expression from traditional art such as painting or sculpture. It aims to strike a balance among the artist, audience, and piece of art through interaction between the work and viewers. Viewers can take part in the creation process, going beyond the conventional way of art appreciation. This paper analyzes interactive art production techniques based on human senses from the artist’s perspective. “Simulation-experience model” will be suggested after looking at several example artworks. Charming, which was produced based on this model, will be introduced and its meaning will be analyzed. The objective of this paper is to predict the future of interactive art and changes in the art form by studying interactive art production techniques based on human senses. We believe that the prediction is helpful in understanding the artistic and technological value and the social influence of interactive art in the future.

본 연구에서는 도시열섬 시뮬레이션 분석 시 다양한 환경에서 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 건축물들의 건폐율·용적률·높이 등을 변경하면서 사용 가능한 필지 내에서 3D 건축물이 생성 가능하도록 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 생성모델은 법에서 정의하고 있는 몇몇 규제를 안에서 필지의 정보만 이용하여 각 필지마다 최대로 개발할 수 있는 건축물을 생성한다. 서 울시 마포구 서교동 대상으로 알고리즘을 적용하였으며 약 30초 후 모든 필지에 건축물이 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed an algorithm to 3D buildings within usable pacel information by changing the occupancy rate, volume ratio, height, etc. of buildings to enable simulation in various environments.. This algorithm to create a 3D building model in a parcel that can be used in performing an urban heat island simulation. By using the information on parcels within the legal limits, a 3D building model creates a building that can be constructed to the maximum for each parcel. The algorithm was applied for parcels in Seogyo-dong, Mapo-go, Seoul, and after about 30 minutes, buildings were found to be created in all parcels.

교육 장소에서 실제 수업하거나, 시뮬레이션 환경에서 교육하는 방법에 대한 방향이 제시되고 있다. 4차 산업혁명 이후에 다양한 분야의 산업 발전이 이루어지고 있고, 특히 IoT와 관련된 교육이 실행되고 있는 실정이다. 제안 모델은 3D 환경에서의 시뮬레이션 시스템을 응용하여 큰 비용 없이 다양한 IoT 시스템을 간접적으로 구축 하여 교육할 수 있는 모델로서, 아두이노 플랫폼을 기반으로 가상 리모트 IO를 구현하였으며, 이를 통하여 교육 을 위한 시스템 구축비용의 경감과 시스템을 간접적으로 구축하여 학습할 수 있는 모델이다. 또한 교육과 관련된 콘텐츠들을 다양하게 실습할 수 있다. 테스트 코드를 작성하여 실제 시스템과 가상의 시스템과의 동작 일치성을 확인하였다.

In our technology-driven world, various methods for teaching in an educational venue or in a simulated environment have been suggested especially for computer and coding education. In particular, IoT related education has been made possible owing to the industrial developments that have occurred in various fields since the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The proposed model allows various IoT systems to be indirectly built; it provides an inexpensive learning method by applying a simulation system in a 3D environment. The model is implemented on Virtual Remote IO based on the Arduino platform, thereby reducing the cost of building an education system. In addition various education-related content can be provided to learners through such an indirectly developed system. Test code was written to check the consistency of an operation between the real system and the virtual system.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity of ankle muscles during normal gait by simulation method using the human musculoskel-etal model. The equipment used in this study was three-dimensional motion capture system and force platform, and OpenSim was used for simulation. Collected data was scaled to Gait2392 that is the human musculoskeletal simulation model using in the OpenSim. Tibialis anteri-or (TA) worked as a major muscle during gait, producing a higher force than other muscles. Main muscles contributing to propulsion were gas-trocnemius medial head (GMH) and soleus (SOL) with their maximum forces appear to be more than 1.5 times the body weight. GMH and SOL showed cooperation for maintaining propulsion around left foot initial contact in the gait cycle. This study has shown a difference between activation and force pattern. The peak-activation of the TA and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was similarly shown to be around 0.8 in the initial double stance, but the peak-force produced by these muscles in the same period showed a difference with 0.4 Newton/body weight higher in TA than in EDL. We suggest that when assessing muscle contribution to gait, it would be reasonable to consider the force generated because the human movement was generated by the mechanical net force of muscles.

About 50 years ago, authority of physics academy concluded that Big bang theory is right by the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB). But soon, people found serious problem in the Big bang theory so conception called ‘Inflation’ invited, which implies that there was great expansion of space after Big bang between 10-30 s and 10-33 s ~ 10-32 s. At that time, inflaton that caused inflation included asymmetry throughout space. After the inflation, the energy that inflaton had was released as the form of a matter. So, asymmetric inflaton also derived asymmetry of matter. Because of this asymmetry, large scale structure and CMB became to have these days’ shape. In this research, we are going to set simple model of inflaton that contains asymmetry and compare with these day’s CMB by using laplace series. Finally, we could get a result that resemble our universe’s CMB power spectrum.

이 연구의 목적은 가상 시뮬레이션의 특수교육 활용에 영향을 미치는 현존감 요인의 경로를 분석하는데 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 C 지역 J 대학교와 K 대학교 예비특수교사 76명을 참여자로 선정하였다. 참가자들은 각 3시간으로 구성된 3개 강의를 통해 가상 시뮬레이션 이론 및 실습을 진행하였으며, 이후 현존감 검사와 가상 시뮬레 이션의 특수교육 활용 기대감 설문지에 응답하도록 하였다. 이 연구의 결과 가상 시뮬레이션의 특수교육 활용 기대에 영향을 미치는 현존감 요인은 다음과 같다: 첫째, 현존감 요인 중 ‘재미’와 ‘상호작용’은 긍정적 기대에, ‘몰입’은 부정적 우려에 각각 직접 효과를 나타냈다. 둘째, ‘사실성’ ‘접근성’ ‘수행’ ‘상호작용’ ‘몰입’은 ‘재미’를 매개로 긍정적 기대에 간접 효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, ‘상호작용’과 ‘사실성’은 ‘몰입’을 매개로 부정적 우려에 간접 효과를 나타냈다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 따라 논의하고 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the paths of the presence that influences the use of the virtual simulation in the special education classrooms. The participants consisted of 76 students who majored in special education in J and K universities. Participants took a three lectures of 3-h. that addressed the theory and practice of virtual technology such as virtual reality(VR) and augmented reality(AR), and then completed the questionnaires on participants’ presence level and expectation level of virtual simulation for special education. Study results were as followings: (1) Enjoyment and Communication have direct effects on positive expectation, while Immersion has a direct effect on negative concern; (2) Reality, Accessibility Performance, Communication, and Immersion have indirect effects mediated by Enjoyment on positive expectation; and (3) Communication and Reality have indirect effects mediated by Immersion on negative concern. Lastly, the implications and suggestions for future research were presented.

기후 변화와 토지 개발로 인해 산지재난의 규모가 대형화되고 그 발생빈도 또한 증가하고 있다. 국토의 64%가 산지로 구성되어 있으며 대부분의 강우가 여름철에 집중되어 있는 우리 나라는 다양 한 산지재난에 취약한 특징을 가지고 있다. 특히, 산사태, 토석류와 같은 산지 재난의 발생 빈도가 높아지면서 산지 재난 저감을 위한 대책 마련이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토석류 발생 현장에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 토석류를 모의하고 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물에 대한 취약성을 평가하였다. 모의에 따르면 실제 토석류 피해지역과는 약 62% 정확도로 일치하였고, 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물 이 위치한 구간에서는 약 2.0~24.8kPa의 충격력이 발생하였다. 또 취약성은 0.6 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The scale of mountain disasters and the frequency of their occurrence are increasing due to climate change and land development. The country of 64% is composed of mountainous areas and most of the rainfall is concentrated in summer, making Korea vulnerable to mountain disasters. In particular, as the frequency of landslides and debris flow increases, countermeasures to reduce the mountain disasters are required. In this study, we simulated the debris flow based on the investigation on site where debris flows occurred and evaluated the vulnerability of the facilities that actually damaged. The simulation result coincided with an accuracy of about 62% for the area damaged by the actual debris flow. The impact forces about 2.0 to 24.8 kPa were generated in the section where the actual damage occurred. In addition, the vulnerability was found to be higher than 0.6.

InnovVizwas designed and developed anew as avisualization and simulationtool to present innovation and strategy information. The InnovViz system employs two key types of technology, namely mixed reality (MR) and neural network (NN). An experiment was conducted to examine the usability, acceptance and possible adoption of this new system. Participants comprised 4 experts from 4 top performing entrepreneurial firms and 161 master degree students from 2 leading universities. The study used a modified UTAUT model and a cognition and perception model. The results revealed that when the InnovViz was introduced, the key drivers to adoption are Facilitating Conditions (FC) and Voluntary to Use (VOL). Adequate knowledge and sufficient resources were found to strongly affect FC construct. The expert"fs rating of a firm"fs innovation and performance was more congruent with senior students with a technology-background than with a finance and accounting-background. InnovViz was seen as providing complex information with an ease of use and usefulness for showing data and assessment. Among the three types of visuals depicted by InnovViz, experts rated their usefulness in descending order as follows: Cube, Tetrahedron and Saturn. Finally, experts found backward simulation to be slightly more useful for assessment than forward simulation.

고급강은 소비자가 원하는 적절한 조성을 갖추고 있고 비금속 개재물의 제어를 통해 높은 청정도를 지닌 강을 의미하며, 철강 제품의품질은 2차 정련 공정에서 제어하는 것이 지배적이다. 2차 정련에서는 시간이 흐름에 따라 용강, 슬래그, 비금속 개재물, 내화물 및 합금원소 간의 복잡한 반응이 동시에 일어나기 때문에 공정에 대한 제어가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 이전 연구자들은 2차 정련의 공정 예측을 위해Kinetic 기반의 시뮬레이션 모델을 발표하였고, 정밀한 공정 예측을 위해 현재까지 발표된 시뮬레이션 모델들의 검토 및 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Coupled Reaction 모델 기반의 2차 정련 모델들을 분석 및 검토하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 검토하였다.

In the secondary refining process for the production of high-grade steel, the proper composition is maintained by alloying elements, and non-metallic inclusions are controlled for high cleanliness. Complex reactions occur simultaneously between the molten steel, slag, inclusions, refractories, and alloying elements during the secondary refining process. Previous works have reported simulation models based on kinetics to predict the compositional changes in molten steel, slag, and inclusions in actual processes. Analytical reviews are required for the models to predict the process accurately. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed simulation models based on the coupled reaction model for the secondary refining process.

가축 육종 체계 또는 선발방법의 상호 비교를 할 수 있도록 다형질 컴퓨터 모의실험을 위한 확률모형을 개발하고, 기존 연구결과로부터 얻어진 평균과 상가적 유전효과 및 잔여오차의 분산 및 공분산 값을 실험 모수로 사용하여 모의실험 축군을 생성하였고, 선발방법은 임의교배, 표현형가, 참육종가 및 추정육종가에 의한 선발 중에서 선택할 수 있도록 하였다. 개체의 육종가는 MTDFREML package를 사용하여 추정하였다.모의실험 프로그램의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 크기가 다른 세 축군을 20년간 임의교배하여 모의실험한 결과, 평균값과 분산 및 공분산 값은 모의실험 모수로 주어진 값과 비슷하였고, 축군의 크기가 클수록 모의실험 모수로 주어진 값에 더욱 근접하였으며 표준오차가 작아졌다.임의교배를 계속함에 따른 근교계수와 축군 평균 및 분산의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 종모우 1두, 종빈우 10두를 유지하는 소축군 10개를 500년간 모의실험 한 결과, 근교계수의 변화는 이론적 추정함수와 비슷하였으며, 평균값은 작은 축군에서 세대에 따라 임의부동현상을 보였지만 근교계수가 증가하여 1에 가까워지면 일정한 값으로 수렴하였다. 축군내 분산은 근교계수의 증가에 따라 감소하였다.

A multiple-trait stochastic computer simulation model was constructed to predict the breeding schemes and selection methods on Hanwoo(Korean cattle). The model could be used four kinds of selection criteria (random, phenotype and true or estimated breeding values).At the test run in various population size for 20 years, all estimated parameters of the each simulated populations were resulted similar to input parameters. The deviations between input and output values of parameter in the large population were smaller than in the small population.The simulated results obtained from ten small populations consisted with one sire and ten dams in each population for 500 years were as follows; Inbreeding coefficients of population were similar to theoretical estimating function. Mean values of each traits selected were randomly drifted by generation, but they were converged into a value when inbreeding coefficients came close to one. Additive genetic variances within each population were reduced by generation, and they were converged into zero when inbreeding coefficients came close to one. These results indicated that the simulated populations hold to statistical properties of input parameters.

유체의 정확한 상거동 특성 파악은 저류층 시뮬레이션 수행에 있어서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 실 험에 의한 저류 유체의 상거동 분석은 그 비용 뿐 아니라 적용의 한계를 가지므로 보다 넓은 범위의 온도, 압 력, 조성에 대한 분석이 가능한 상태방정식 기반의 PVT 패키지가 일반적으로 이용된다. 그러나 현재 사용되 는 대부분의 상용 모델은 도스 환경에서 실행되어 사용자에게 불편한 점이 있으므로 본 연구에서는 객체지향 시각화 언어인 Visual C++을 이용하여 사용자 친화적 윈도우 상거동 분석 모델을 개발하였다. 본 모델은 크 게 다단분리공정 계산 모듈, 상 포락선 산출 모듈 및 CVD, CCE, DL, Swelling Test와 같은 실험 시뮬레이션 모듈로 구성되었다. 개발된 모델의 검증 및 적용성을 확인하기 위해 여러 상태방정식을 이용한 실제 저류 유 체에 대한 분석을 수행하였으며, 문헌의 결과와 일치함을 확인하였다.

Precise and accurate characterization of reservoir fluid is a very important factor in reservoir simulation studies. PVT experiments are usually expensive and performed in limited conditions. Therefore, EOS based PVT packages are widely used for the prediction and evaluation of fluid properties over a wide range of temperature, pressure and composition. Because widely used commercial packages executed in DOS environment are not oriented towards users, we developed user-friendly phase behavior model utilizing the object-oriented language, Visual C++. This model is composed mainly of multiple stage separation module, phase envelope generation module, and experimental simulation module including CVD, CCE, DL, swelling test scheme. In order to investigate the validity and applicability of developed model, different equation of states were analysed for the prediction of fluid properties using reservoir fluid data. Good agreement was obtained between published and calculated results by this model.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model to explain predictive factors affecting nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation-based education, based on the National League for Nursing?Jeffries Simulation Theory. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 305 fourth-year nursing students with experience in simulation-based education enrolled at universities in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeonggi-do. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0. Results: The hypothetical model showed good fit with the empirical data: χ²/df 2.17, RMSEA=.01, RMR=.01, GFI=.95, AGFI=.91, NFI=.94, TLI=.95, CFI=.97, and PNFI=.68. Simulation design characteristics, teaching efficiency, and flow were found to affect satisfaction and confidence directly. A bootstrap test indicated that teaching efficiency and flow mediated the relationship between simulation design characteristics and satisfaction and confidence. Conclusion: Simulation educators should apply standards of best practice that enhance teaching efficiency and flow. Through well-organized simulation designs, nursing students can attain satisfaction and self-confidence through simulation-based education.

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of simulation training with a hybrid model of student nurses’performance ability and reported self confidence. Methods: A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest was designed. Data collection was done during the first semester in 2012 at a college of nursing in Seoul. Nursing performance ability and reported self confidence related to taking care of patients with urinary problems were evaluated. The treatment group (n=96) received simulation training of a catheterization procedure with a hybrid model involving standardized patients and a mannequin. Nursing students in the comparison group (n=84) did not receive the simulation training but would receive it prior to their next clinical practicum’s. Results: The treatment group showed a significantly higher performance ability and reported self confidence than that of the comparison group. The perceived helpfulness and contentment of the simulation training in experimental group was high. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that simulation with a hybrid model was effective in teaching skills prior to the clinical experience which suggests that skill development is not dependent on the actual clinical situation. Nurse educators should consider simulation training as a tool beyond that of clinical practicum.

본 연구에서는 석회석을 이동시키는 벨트컨베이어 전환점에서 발생되는 분진을 포집하기 위해 캐노피 후드를 설치한 국소배기 시스템을 대상으로 모형장치를 제작하여 후드 포집성능 실험을 수행하였다. 3가지 변수인 제어거리, 제어풍속 및 고무커튼의 유･무를 변화시키며 포집특성과 유동특성실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과로 국소배기시스템의 포집효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 고무 커튼의 사용유무인 것으로 나타났다. 포집된 입자크기 확인 결과, 제어속도 0.5 m/s이고 제어거리 0.3 m일 때, 짧은 제어거리로 인해 20 ㎛ 이상의 입자가 상당수 포집되었고 이것은 전체적인 작업효율을 떨어뜨리게 된다. 실험과 동일조건에서 3차원 수치해석을 수행하였으며 그 결과 전반적으로 유동특성이 유사하였다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of learner-directed debriefing based on the clinical judgement model (LDCJM) on nursing students’ critical thinking disposition, self-directed learning, problem-solving ability, and debriefing experience after simulation. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with 38 sophomore nursing students from one university. They were divided into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=18). Collected data were analyzed by the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test using the WIN SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The experimental group that had participated in the LDCJM indicated significantly higher self-directed learning (U=23.50, p<.001), problem-solving ability (U=94.50 p=.011), and debriefing experience (U=87.00, p=.006) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that LDCJM is an effective learning strategy to improve self-directed learning, problem-solving ability, and debriefing experience. Further study is needed to identify the effects of various debriefing skills.