Earticle

본 연구는 한국프로골프협회(KPGA) 소속의 프로골프 선수와 일반인을 대상으로 견관절 ROM, 고유수용성 능 력 및 균형능력의 비교를 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 최근 3개월간 근·골격계 질환이나 움직임, 가동범위에 제한 이 있는 대상자는 제외하였으며, 각 집단 모두 9명씩 선정하였다. 견관절 ROM 측정은 굴곡, 외전, 외회전, 내회전을 측 정하였으며, 고유수용성 감각의 측정은 능동·수동 관절위치감각(joint position sense) 검사를 실시하였다. 균형능력 은 지지판의 변화에 따른 피험자의 종합적인 균형능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 견관절 가동범위에서 굴곡, 외전, 내회전 의 가동범위는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 외회전 가동범위에 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 고유수용성 감각 검사에서 수동적 관절위치감각 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 능동적 관절위치감각 검사에서 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 오차각도가 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 균형능력 검사에서는 프로골프 선수집단이 일반인 집단보다 전체적인 균형능력이 우수한 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 추후 프로골프 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 중요 요인으로써 훈련 프로그램 개발을 위해 계속된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences of shoulder range of motion, proprioception and balance ability between general people and pro golfers (members of Korea Professional Golfers' Association). The subjects who have limitations in muscle, skeletal disease, movement, and range of motion during the last 3 months were excluded, The subjects were divided into 9 general people and 9 pro golfers. Shoulder ROM were measured for flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation, measurement of the proprioceptive sensory were conducted for active, passive joint position sense. The balance ability was measured for the total balance ability of the subjects according to the change of the support plate. Pro golfers group showed significantly higher range of motion than general people in external rotation (p<.05). In shoulder active joint position sense (AJPS) test, pro golfers group showed significantly low error angle than general people (p<.05). In balance ability test, pro golfers group showed tendency of higher scores than general people group, but did not show a significance between the groups. This results might come from the superior motor ability of the pro golfers, however to improve athletic performance and prevent injury& rehabilitation, exercises to improve shoulder range of motion and proprioceptive sense should be included.

Purpose: This study aimed to empirically assess how the provident effect on shoulder muscle activity and stabilization varies depending on the range of physical application (upper body vs. whole body) of vibration to the quadruped position. Methods: Twenty healthy adult female Pilates students without shoulder pain or musculoskeletal disorders were recruited and divided into the upper-body (n=10) and whole-body (n=10) vibration groups. Pre- and post-exercise shoulder muscle activity (EMG) and shoulder stabilization tests (ROM, MMT, and YBT) were performed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the differences in the effects of vibration application between groups. Results: Vibrations applied in the quadruped position exerted a statistically significant impact on shoulder muscle activity. The upper-body vibration group showed substantially greater improvement than the whole-body vibration group. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the magnitude of improvements due to different extents of musculature exposed to vibrations were distinct. Both the upper and whole-body vibration groups experienced significant improvement, with the upper-body vibration group experiencing greater shoulder muscle improvement than the whole-body vibration group.

This study was conducted to examine the influence of combined exer-cise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and deep breathing exercise on range of motion (ROM) and visual analog scale (VAS) score in acute frozen shoulder patient. The subject of this study was woman complained disabilities in daily routine due as a frozen left shoulder. The exercise program was composed of 11 sessions and con-tinued four weeks. The program was composed of PNF and deep breathing exercise, and the subject was compared by passive ROM (shoulder flexion, abduction, and internal and external rotation) test and VAS score in shoulder movement before and after the exercise. The re-sults showed that patient who practiced this program, the ROM of the shoulder joint increased and the VAS score decreased. Thus, this pro-gram was shown to be effective in suppressing pain and increasing the ROM of the shoulder joint in acute frozen shoulder patient.

This study was performed to identify the difference of shoulder and elbow joint ROM according to positions in pitchers and hitters. 60 professional baseball players(pitchers, catchers, outfielders, infielders) were selected for this study. Body composition(weight, BMI, %Fat) was analyzed by using Inbody 4.0. Flexion, internal rotation and external rotation of shoulder joint and dominant thumb up the back, flexion and extension ROM of elbow joint were measured by using Goniometer. The difference of ROM was statistically analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, statistically significant level was p<.05. The results were as follows, 1) Dominant shoulder flexion ROM was higher significantly in pitchers compared to catchers(p<.05) and infielders(p<.05). 2) Non-dominant shoulder flection ROM was lower significantly in catchers compared to pitchers(p<.01) and infielders(p<.05). 3) Dominant shoulder external rotation ROM was higher significantly in pitchers compared to outfielders(p<.05) and infielders(p<.05). 4) Dominant ER/IR total ROM was higher significantly in pitchers compared to catchers(p<.01) and infielders(p<.05). 5) Non dominant ER/IR total ROM was higher significantly in pitchers compared to catchers(p<.01) and infielders(p<.05). 6) Dominant elbow flexion ROM was lower significantly in catchers compared to pitchers(p<.01), outfielders(p<.05) and infielders(p<.05). In conclusion, pitchers and catchers might need flexibility and stability of shoulder and elbow joint to endure strong rotatory power. Thus, an effort and management are required to prevent injury

본 연구는 수구선수의 어깨관절 및 엉덩관절의 관절가동범위(ROM)를 측정하고, 특성을 규명하여 제시함으로 써 선수 선발 및 부상 이후 재활과정에서의 목표 설정에 유용한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 고등학교 남자수구선수 37명이었으며, 어깨관절(접시오목위팔뼈관절 및 어깨관절복합체) 내회전 및 외회전, 엉덩관절 내전 및 외전 ROM을 측정하였다. 수구선수의 포지션에 따라 주측 및 비주측 접시오목위팔뼈관절 내 회전 ROM, 주측 어깨관절복합체 외회전 ROM에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 센터그룹의 비주측 어깨관절복합체 ROM이 정상범위를 벗어나는 높은 값으로 나타났다. 어깨관절 ROM에 있어 수구선수의 경영선수시절 주 영법 및 경영거리에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수구선수의 엉덩관절 내전 및 외전 ROM은 정상범위에 미치지 못하는 낮은 값이었으며, 포 지션, 경영선수시절 주 영법 및 경영거리에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 통해 수구선수의 어 깨관절 및 엉덩관절 ROM 특성을 제시하였으며, 본 연구에서의 결과는 선수 선발 및 부상 이후 재활과정에서의 일차적 목표 설정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 제언된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the characteristics of range of motion(ROM) in shoulder(SJ) and hip joint(HJ), and to provide the basal data for athlete selection and goal setting during exercise rehabilitation. Participants were male high school 37 water polo players. ROM of medial(MR) and lateral(LR) rotation in SJ[glenohumeral joint(GJ) and shoulder complex joint(CJ)], ROM of addution(AD) and abduction(AB) in HJ were measured with goniometer. Results measured were analysed according to present playing position, types of stroke and distance as a previous competitive swimmer. As a result, ROM of MR in center players’ and center back players’ dominant GJ was significantly higher than that in field players. ROM of MR in center players’ non-dominant GJ was significantly higher than that in field players. ROM of LR in center back players’ dominant CJ was significantly higher than that in field players. No significance was shown in ROM of SJ according to types of stroke and distance as a previous competitive swimmer. No significance was shown in ROM of HJ according to present playing position, types of stroke and distance as a previous competitive swimmer. ROM of AD and AB in HJ was maintained lower below normal range whereas ROM of LR and MR in center players’ non-dominant CJ was maintained higher above normal range. In conclusion, results in this study could be the characteristics of water polo players, and could be introduced to sports field as scientific basal data for performance improvement.

본 연구는 수영 경영선수의 어깨관절 및 엉덩 관절의 ROM 특성을 규명하고 제시하여 선수 선발 및 부상 이후 재활과정에서의 목표 설정에 유용한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 국가대표상비군 수영경영선수 65명을 대상으로 어깨관절(접시오목위팔뼈관절 및 어깨관절복합체) 내회전 및 외회전, 엉덩 관절 내전 및 외전 ROM 을 측정하였다. 연구결과 여자선수의 어깨관절 내회전 ROM과 내회전과 외회전 ROM의 합이 남자선수보다 유의하게 높았다. 단거리선수의 주측 어깨관절 외회전 ROM이 중장거리선수보다 유의하게 높았다. 여자선수의 주측 접시오목위 팔뼈관절 내회전과 외회전 ROM, 여자선수의 비주측 접시오목위팔뼈관절 내회전 ROM, 중장거리선수의 비주측 접시 오목위팔뼈관절 내회전 ROM, 개인혼영선수의 주측 접시오목위팔뼈관절 내회전 ROM, 배영과 평영선수의 주측 접시 오목위팔뼈관절 외회전 ROM, 자유형과 개인혼영선수의 비주측 접시오목위팔뼈관절 내회전 ROM은 정상범위를 벗어 나는 높은 값을 보였다. 결론적으로 수영 경영선수의 주측 어깨관절 외회전력을 강화하고 비주측 어깨관절 외회전 동작 범위를 증가시킬 수 있는 중재전략과 함께 여자선수의 주측과 비주측간 어깨관절 외회전 동작범위의 차이를 감소시킬 수 있는 프로그램과 중장거리선수의 어깨관절 외회전 동작범위를 증가시킬 수 있는 프로그램의 개발이 제언된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the characteristics of shoulder and hip joint range of motion (ROM). Participants were 65 competitive swimmers in Korea national standing team. Shoulder joint(SJ) and hip joint(HJ) ROM were measured with goniometer. As a result, female SJ medial rotation ROM was significantly higher than male, short-distance swimmers’ dominant SJ lateral rotation ROM was significantly higher than medium-to long-distance swimmers’. Female dominant glenohumeral joint(GJ) medial and lateral rotation ROM, female non-dominant GJ medial rotation ROM, long-distance swimmers’ non-dominant GJ medial rotation ROM, individual medley swimmers’ dominant GJ medial rotation ROM, backstroke and breaststroke swimmers’ dominant GJ lateral rotation ROM, freestyle and individual medley swimmers’ non-dominant GJ medial rotation ROM were maintained higher above normal range. In conclusion, it is suggested that intervention programs for strengthening of dominant SJ lateral rotation power, increasing of non-dominant SJ lateral rotation ROM, increasing of long-distance swimmers’ SJ lateral rotation ROM, and decreasing the difference in female lateral rotation ROM between dominant and non-dominant SJ should be developed and introduced for the improvement of athletic performance.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate pain and range of motion in the frozen shoulder and to compare Hold-Relax technique with ROM exercise. Twenty-eight frozen shoulder patients between 41 nod 76 years of age were selected and were divided equally by random distribution into a Hold-Relax technique group and a ROM exercise group. To analyze the therapeutic effect between the two groups, two measurements were taken. A measurement of pain was taken by visual analogue scale and a measurement of range of motion was taken by measuring flexion and abduction degrees with a goniometer. The results were as followings : 1. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in decreasing the pain than the ROM exercise group. 2. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of flexion at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group. 3. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of abduction at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied to the patients with Frozen Shoulder by measuring, assessing and analyzing the changes in pain and range of motion(ROM). Surveyed from Mar. 2007 to Dec. 2007 were 10 patients suffering with Frozen Shoulder. After HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB, the pain were measured and analyzed by means of MPQWL, VAS-I and VAS-U, while ROM was measured and analyzed by using Goniometer. The major findings from this study are as follows; 1. There was significant decrease in the MPQWL after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 2. There was significant decrease in the VAS-I(intensity of pain) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 3. There was significant decrease in the VAS-U(unpleasantness of pain) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 4. There appeared, however, significant increase in ROM(abduction, external and internal rotation) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). From the above outcomes, it was revealed that HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB application has proven to reduce the pains, exercising huge influence to increase ROM. It is, therefore, suggested to continue and expand the study on the cure of Frozen Shoulder and to motivate patients, rehabilitation specialists, and health management specialists etc. to consider HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB application as safest and most efficient pain remedy.

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of scapular pattern and hold-relax technique of propriocetive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) on the range of motion(ROM) and to find the effects of pain relieve through visual analogue scale(VAS) in frozen shoulder patients. The subjects were consisted of thirty frozen shoulder patients(men ; 9, women ; 21). The measurement of the shoulder range of motion was taken by measuring the degrees of flexion, abduction, and external rotation with a goniometer and the measurement of pain was performed by VAS from pre treatment to one to four weeks The results were as follows : 1. There was the statistical significance not only in the range of motion such as shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation, but also in VAS during four weeks(p<.05). 2. By the result of Scheffe's multiple comparison test. there was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and treatment after one week in the range of motion of shoulder flexion. In that of shoulder external rotation, there was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and treatment after one week, and between those of treatment after one and two weeks. As the result of this statistical significance of shoulder external rotation, the early treatment was thought to be more effective. However, there was statistical significance in the treatment after two and three weeks in shoulder abduction and was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and the treatment after one weeks, and between those of treatment after two and three weeks in VAS (p<.05). 3. There was not statistical significance between men and women in the range of motion of the shoulder and in VAS(p>.05). 4. There not statistical significance between th right and left frozen shoulder patients in the range of motion of shoulder and in VAS(p>.05).

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of closed chain breathing exercise on thorax circumference increase and ROM of shoulder rotation for cervical vertebral cord injury patient's. Methods : 12 cervical vertebral cord injury patients volunteer to participate in this study. closed chain breathing exercise group of 4 subjects performed exercise three time a week. The deep breathing exercise group and general exercise group of 4 subjects performed exercise three time a week. We analyaed the descriptive statistics and 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA by SPSS 12.0 for window. Results : In comparison of rotation of shoulder ROM between pre and post value, the increase of rotation ROM of shoulder was significant in the closed chain breathing exercise group(p<.05). Conclusion : The closed chain breathing exercise helped to increased rotation ROM of shoulder.

Background: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Spencer technique on the range of motion (ROM), Pain, function in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: subjects consisted of 30patients who were diagnosed shoulder adhesive capsulitis. All subjects are randomly assigned to 2groups: Spencer technique (ST) group (n=15), self assistive ROM exercise(S-A ROM E) group (n=15). The subjects performed an intervention program 30 minuets per day and was repeated 3 times a week for 4 weeks a total of 12 times. ROM of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation were measured using a goniometer. The visual analog scale (VAS), Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) were used to measure pain, functional ability. Results: In the intergroup comparisons after the intervention, ROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation, VAS, SPADI were significantly different(p<.05). Spencer technique was more effective for improving ROM, pain, functional ability than self assistive ROM exercise. Conclusions: Our study suggest that considering Spencer technique for the patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Further studies on Spencer technique are needed in the future.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of combining the Graston technique and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain, grip strength, and upper limb function in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 16). The experimental group performed the Graston technique for 10 minutes, followed by ESWT for 10 minutes (2,000 pulses), while the control group received only ESWT for 10 minutes. Both groups received treatment twice per week for four weeks. General physical therapy (hot pack for 15 minutes and electrical stimulation for 15 minutes) was given equally to both groups. Outcome measures included shoulder ROM (flexion, abduction, external rotation), pain assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS), grip strength, and upper limb function assessed by the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire. Pre- and post-intervention differences within groups were analyzed using paired t-tests, and between-group comparisons were analyzed using independent t-tests. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures after the intervention (p < .001). The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in ROM, VAS, grip strength, and QuickDASH scores (p < .001). Conclusion: The combined application of the Graston technique and ESWT was more effective than ESWT alone in improving joint mobility, reducing pain, enhancing grip strength, and improving upper limb function in patients with adhesive capsulitis. These results support the clinical utility of this combined approach for shoulder rehabilitation.