Earticle

본 연구는 서브 강화를 위한 선수 개인별 인지적, 행동적 서브루틴프로그램을 개발하고, 개발한 루틴프로그램을 테니스 선수들에게 반복적인 훈련과 연습을 통해 그 효과를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울시에 소재한 H대학교의 테니스 선수 남자 8명, 여자 8명 총 16명 중 실험집단(남4, 여4), 통제집단(남4, 여4)을 대상으로 선정하였다. 루틴프로그램을 개발하기 위해 개발 전 선수들의 루틴을 알아보고자 VCR촬영과 개개인 상담 및 개방형 질문지를 사용하 여 관찰 및 분석을 실시하였다. 서브 루틴 개발에 따라 효과를 검증하기 위하여 집중력 질문지, 자신감 질문지, 인지된 경기력 질문지를 활용하였고 루틴 프로그램 적용에 따른 서브 수행력을 측정하기 위해 실제 서브 성공률을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 루틴프로그램 적용에 따른 집중력, 자신감, 인지된 경기력 검사지를 활용한 결과 실험집단이 집중력 중 주의집중, 자신감요인이, 자신감 중 코치지도력, 신체정신준비요인과 인지된 경기력이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타 났다. 루틴프로그램 적용에 따른 서브 수행력을 평가한 결과 실험집단은 루틴프로그램 적용 후 첫 서브 성공률이 모두 높게 나타났으나, 통제집단은 첫 서브의 성공률은 비슷하게 측정되거나, 몇몇 선수들은 아주 극소의 확률적으로 첫 서브 성공률이 오른 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to develop cognitive and behavioral serve routine programs for individual tennis players. The routine program was developed by repeated training and practice for tennis players. The subjects of this study are tennis players of H University in Seoul. a total of 16 athletes (8 men and 8 women) were selected. In order to develop the routine program, VCR photography, individual consultation and open questionnaire were used to observe and analyze the routines of the players before development. After development of the first serve routine, we interviewed the athletes to develop the second serve routine through the modification, supplementation, and modification of the second serve routine, and finally developed the routine. In order to verify the effects of serve routine development, As a result, we used the Concentration, Confidence, and Perceived Performance Questionnaire And the actual serve - success rate was analyzed to measure the serve - performance according to the routine program application. There was statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the experimental group with concentration, confidence, self-confidence, self-confidence, perceived physical strength, and perceived competitiveness according to the routine program. after evaluating the serve-performance according to the application of the routine program, the experimental group showed a higher first serve-success rate after applying the routine program, but the control group showed that the success rate of the first serve- And the first serve success rate has risen.

본 연구는 인공지능(Artificial Intelligence, AI)을 과도하게 활용하는 조직이 AI 의존성이라는 구조적 상태에 놓일 수 있다는 점 에 주목하고 이러한 구조적 상태가 기업의 동태적 역량을 위협할 수도 있음을 논증한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 동태적 역량의 전제를 살피고 조직적 차원의 AI 의존성 개념을 정의하였다. 이어서, 최근 AI로 인하여 문제점들이 조직의 AI 의존 상태 아래에서 어떻게 동태적 역량을 위협하는지 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 명제를 도출하였다. 명제 1: AI 의존성은 정보환경을 왜곡시키고 인간의 비판적 해석 능력을 퇴화시켜 감지 역량을 약화시킨다. 명제 2: AI 의존성은 조직을 학습된 무기력 상태에 빠지게 하고 자원 배분을 경직시켜 포착 역량을 약화시킨다. 명제 3: AI 의존성은 조직의 근본적 학습 능력을 마비시키고 조직구조를 고착화시켜 변혁 역량을 약화시킨다. 이상의 논의를 통해 AI 기술이 동태적 역량을 강화할 수 있다는 논의에 대하여 비판적 관점을 제시하고 조직학습 이론을 AI 시 대의 맥락에서 이론적으로 재조명하였다. 실무적으로는 특히, 소수 빅테크 기업 중심의 AI 생태계 속에서 다국적 기업 경영자들 이 겪을 수 있는 기술 종속의 위험을 경고하고, 동태적 역량을 방어할 구체적 방향을 제시하였다. 하지만, 본 연구가 실증으로 잇 지 못한 이론 논의에 머물렀다는 점은 연구의 큰 한계이며, 이는 향후 추가 연구로 이어질 필요성을 제기한다.

This study posits that organizations excessively leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) may enter a structural state of AI dependency, which can, in turn, threaten their dynamic capabilities. To this end, we first examine the foundational premises of dynamic capabilities and subsequently define the concept of organizational AI dependency. We then analyze the mechanisms through which challenges arising from modern AI threaten dynamic capabilities under this condition of dependency. This analysis leads to the following propositions: Proposition 1: In a state of AI dependency, an organization's sensing capabilities are weakened by a distorted information environment and the degradation of human critical interpretation skills. Proposition 2: In a state of AI dependency, an organization's seizing capabilities are diminished due to learned helplessness and rigid resource allocation. Proposition 3: In a state of AI dependency, an organization's transforming capabilities are impaired by the paralysis of fundamental learning abilities and structural ossification. Through this discussion, we offer a critical perspective on the discussion that AI technology can enhance dynamic capabilities and theoretically re-examine organizational learning theory in the context of the AI era. From a practical standpoint, we specifically warn managers of multinational corporations about the risks of technological lock-in within an AI ecosystem dominated by a few Big Tech companies, and provide concrete guidance for safeguarding dynamic capabilities. However, a significant limitation of this study is that it remains a theoretical discussion not yet supported by empirical research, which underscores the need for subsequent empirical studies.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how 8th grade students interpret and reason through addition and subtraction of integers by focusing on the multiple meanings of negative numbers and the symbols “+” and “–”. To analyze this, two students from a middle school in Seoul were interviewed using a semi-structured think-aloud protocol, and their reasoning was examined based on their responses to 15 designed questions, including open-number and real-context problems. The data were analyzed using a framework classifying students’ interpretations of the symbols and concepts involved. As a result, the study identified distinct patterns in how students assign meanings to “+” and “–” in different contexts, how these interpretations affect their problem-solving strategies, and how individual preferences for consistent symbol meanings influence reasoning. These findings emphasize the epistemological nature of symbol interpretation in mathematical learning and suggest implications for instruction that promotes flexible yet coherent understanding of integer operations.

This study examined effects of psychological skills training (PST) for Korean national table tennis athletes with spinal cord injuries (SCI), who were training for the 2012 London Paralympics. Participants were three male table tennis players with level two SCI, and all participants attend-ed a total of eight sessions of PST over a period of 3 months. The PST consisted of self-talk, imagery, cognitive reconstructing, and routine. To examine the effectiveness of mental coaching, the Test of Performance Strategies questionnaire was administered over three different periods of time: pre-PST, post-PST, and postcompetition. Pre- and posttest out-comes indicated that there were positive changes in self-talk, emotion-al control, and goal setting of athletes with SCI. With the exception of relaxation, Athlete 1 was able to maintain and use all of the improved mental skills in Paralympic competitions. However, although the mental skills of the athletes 2 and 3 generally improved, they were not able to take full advantage of these improvements in Paralympic competitions. PST can be developed and effectively utilized by athletes with SCI. Dis-ability-specific issues should be considered to provide a better inter-vention program.

본 연구는 2014년 난징 하계 청소년 올림픽을 대비하여 우리나라 국가대표 남ㆍ여 선수의 경기영상 분석과 상담을 통하여 심리적 안정감과 더불어 시합상황에서의 집중력 유지와 자신감을 향상 시킬 수 있는 루틴 프로그램을 적용하여 향후 경기를 대비하기 위한 방안을 마련하는데 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 활용된 자료 수집방법은 촬영 및 관찰, 심층면담 등을 사용하였고, 수집된 자료는 있는 그대로 전사하여 엑셀 2007 프로그램을 활용하여 범주화시켰다. 연구 참여자는 데이터의 타당성 및 진실성을 확보하기 위해 원자료를 최대한 활용하여 의미와 본질이 흐려지지 않도록 노력하였고 질적 연구 전문가 등 자문을 구해 검토하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 얻은 본 연구의 결과는 청소년 올림픽이라 는 대회가 그들에게 압박감과 불안감으로 작용되었으나 현장 또는 일상에서 적용이 용이한 심리 기술 훈련을 통해 경기 상황에 불안 조절과 선수의 페이스에 긍정적 인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to explore is the case for in depth psychological skills training for performance enhancement of the national badminton Athletes candidate to compete in 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing. Study is national junior Athletes in Korea Badminton Association membership. Data were collected using participant observation, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, collected data were analyzed using image analysis, transcription work, Excel 2007. Raw data and analysis to ensure the authenticity of the data was confirmed with the Study participants. In addition, the study procedures were reviewed by experts in qualitative research experience. Had a feeling of pressure and anxiety about the results, Youth Olympic Games. But it was through the routine psychological skills training based on the game situation can be seen that a positive effect on anxiety control and pace of the Athlete.

이 연구에서는 골프경기와 시합준비에 따른 performance routine과 Tee-Shot 전 pre-shot routine에 따라 볼의 구 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 규명하고자 대학골프선수 9명을 대상으로 PNSN(performance routine 미실 시, pre-shot routine 미실시), PNSY(performance routine 미실시, pre-shot routine 실시), PYSN(performance routine 실시, pre-shot routine 미실시), PYSY(performance routine 실시, pre-shot routine 실시)으로 나누어 스윙 뱅크 프로(SWING BANK SB Pro)를 통하여 볼의 구질과 방향성에 대하여 검증하였다. 그 결과 볼의 캐리와 볼 속 도는 PNSN보다 PNSY, PYSN, PYSY가 높았으며, 볼의 사이드 스핀은 PNSN 보다 PNSY, PYSN, PYSY가 낮았다. 오프라인 거리는 PNSN 보다 PNSY, PYSN, PYSY가 낮았다. 그리고 볼의 방향성은 PNSN, PNSY, PYSN, PYSY 순 서로 스트레이트성 볼이 많았다. 이러한 결론을 종합하여 보면 Performance Routine과 Pre-Shot Routine을 실시 하면 볼을 더 멀리(캐리), 더 빠르게(볼 속도), 더 정확하게(오프라인거리, 볼의 방향) 보내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다음 연구에서는 민감한 검증법을 사용하여 PYSY의 유효성을 검증할 수 있는 연구를 기대한다.

The study targeted college golf PNSN players to investigate how the impact on the pitch for the game of golf Tee-Shot and performance routine and pre-shot routine before the ball of the match preparation (performance routine not yet executed, pre-shot routine not yet executed), PNSY (performance routine not yet executed, pre-shot routine conduct), PYSN(performance routine implementation, pre-shot routine not yet executed), PYSY (performance routine implementation, pre-shot routine conduct) to swing into the bank pro (SWING Through BANK SB Pro) and verified against the pitch and direction of the ball. As a result, the carry of the ball and the ball speed was higher than PNSY, PYSN, the PYSY PNSN, side spin on the ball than PNSN PNSY, PYSN, the PYSY low. Offline distance PNSN than PNSY, PYSN, the PYSY low and the direction of the ball PNSN, PNSY, PYSN, a straight direction was seen as PYSY order. In the synthesis of these conclusions and Performance Routine Pre-Shot Routine When you carry out further the ball, the faster (ball speed), more precisely (direction of view)we could see that look.

The Internet and all of its possibilities and applications have changed individuals’ lifestyles in relation to socializing, working, and how they spend their leisure time. Social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook or Instagram, are ideal settings for interacting with others but, unfortunately, they are also ideal settings for motivated offenders to commit cybercrimes. Thus SNS users may be more vulnerable to cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of cybercrime victimization, specifically cyber-harassment, cyber-impersonation, and hacking. Self-report surveys collected from a sample of 147 respondents were examined using the moderated multiple regression analysis and a logistic regression analysis to determine possible relationships between SNS lifestyle exposure activities and cybercrime victimization. The results indicate moderate support for the application of lifestyle-routine activity theory (LRAT) to cybercrime victimization. Possible educational and managerial implications, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.

A concept of household container to create and keep the modified atmosphere (MA) beneficial for fresh produce mix was devised and tested under typical chilled storage conditions of 3°C. The container system containing mixed products is initialized by applying weak hypobaric condition (0.9 atm) and subsequently injecting CO2 gas at an appropriate low level (0.03 atm). The passive atmosphere modification by produce respiration is then induced to reach a target until gas diffusion tube of proper dimension starts to open. The design was made to attain quasi-steady state mass balance of O2, CO2 and N2 to maintain the desired MA through the storage. Interrupted opening for taking out or placing some products was to reinitialize the loop of control logic. The developed concept was tested by the container which held commodities of spinach, pak choi, oyster mushroom, peeled onion, strawberry and cut carrot. The target optimum MA of 11% O2 and 10% CO2 (0.11 and 0.10 atm, respectively) was set to avoid injurious range of O2 and CO2 concentrations for any commodities. The developed container system could work to reach and maintain beneficial MA of 0.10-0.12 atm O2 and 0.07-0.10 atm CO2 close to the target during the storage contributing to quality retention of products measured in weight loss, chlorophyll content of spinach, ascorbic acid content of pak choi, color of onion, texture of oyster mushroom, bacterial count of strawberry and carotenoids of carrot. The container system shows potential to improve current preservation practice of fresh produce mix on consumers’ level.

This prospective, observational study of acute stroke survivors was completed to report our clinical application of the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), an 8-point multidimensional assessment, used in conjunction with the Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS). In addition, we were interested in determining the association of PAS scores at admission, demographics and clinical characteristics with functional recovery (measured by the Functional Independence Measure [FIM]) at discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. There were thirty-five patients that met inclusion and consented. Out of the 35, 34 (97%) were successfully assessed with the PAS with VFSS. Multivariate regression model revealed that the PAS scores, sex, length of stay, and admission FIM scores were significantly associated with functional recovery at hospital discharge (all p values < .05). We conclude that the PAS was feasible to administer with VFSS and implement in our inpatient setting. The PAS provided information about the depth of the airway invasion, material remaining after the swallow, and the response to aspiration, which were not reported in a standardized way prior to this study. The association between the PAS and functional recovery at discharge suggests that stroke survivors with swallowing impairment have less functional improvement noted at discharge than those with better swallowing scores. Therefore, people with dysphagia may need additional services and care. Future research should determine if using the PAS can improve clinical practice and ensure consistency across care transitions (expansion), as those with dysphagia may need additional services and care.

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently published report series on the occupational intakes of radionuclides (OIR) for internal dosimetry of radiation workers. In this study, the optimized monitoring program including the monitoring interval and the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of major radionuclides was suggested to perform the routine individual monitoring of internal exposure based on the ICRP OIR. Materials and Methods: The derived recording levels and the critical monitoring quantities were reviewed from international standards or guidelines by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS). The OIR data viewer provided by ICRP was used to evaluate the monitoring intervals and the MDA, which are derived from the reference bioassay functions and the dose coefficients. Results and Discussion: The optimal monitoring intervals were determined taking account of two requirement conditions on the potential intake underestimation and the MDA values. The MDA requirement values of the selected radionuclides were calculated based on the committed effective dose from 0.1 mSv to 5 mSv. The optimized routine individual monitoring program was suggested including the optimal monitoring intervals and the MDA requirements. The optimal MDA values were evaluated based on the committed effective dose of 0.1 mSv. However, the MDA can be adjusted considering the practical operation of the routine individual monitoring program in the nuclear facilities. Conclusion: The monitoring intervals and the MDA as crucial factors for the routine monitoring were described to suggest the optimized routine individual monitoring program of the occupational intakes. Further study on the alpha/beta-emitting radionuclides as well as short lived gamma-emitting nuclides will be necessary in the future.

Background: Not only regulatory framework including radiation protection quantities and regulatory standards, but also methodology for regulatory compliance may be different in each country due to inherent philosophy for radiation protection. Materials and Methods: Based on the Korean regulatory models, off-site radiological dose resulting from the routine releases of gaseous radioactive effluents was calculated by applying the parameter values and assumptions recommended in the Korean and Japanese regulations. Results and Discussion: Effective dose for adult based on the Korean recommendation were 17.5 and 1.6 times higher than those of Japanese recommendation for 131I and 133I, respectively, for the same atmosphere dispersion and ground deposition factors. Conclusion: It was due to different parameter values and assumptions recommended for the purpose of evaluating compliance with dose criteria for the radiation protection of the public in each country.

Accurate yet accessible prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains difficult because advanced imaging and cerebrospinal fluid assays are expensive and invasive. This study explores whether two routinely collected clinical measures— patient age and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score—can form a reliable, interpretable baseline for AD risk modeling. A subject-level cohort of 4,651 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was analyzed using a logistic-regression framework with z-score scaling and balanced class weighting. Five-fold stratified crossvalidation produced stable performance (AUC = 0.929 ± 0.007, precision = 0.699 ± 0.007, recall = 0.844 ± 0.016, F1 = 0.765 ± 0.004, accuracy = 0.86 ± 0.004). Despite using only two features, the model approached the performance of several reported multimodal systems in discriminative power while remaining transparent and reproducible. This minimal benchmark establishes a reference point for future multimodal extensions and demonstrates that cognitively based screening can achieve clinically meaningful accuracy in resource-limited settings.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of routine meatal care on the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI). The study was carried out on 30 patients with foley catheters in an intensive care unit of a general hospital from September 30 to April 1, 1998. Participants were both male and female. Data were collected from each patients by urinary specimen obtained with aseptic collection technique at the 3rd and the 7th day of the experiment after giving daily mental care with 10% betadine for periods ranging from 1st to 7th day to the experimental group but not to the control group. The results are as follows : 1. The rate of urinary tract infection within the experimental group was 0.0%, at the 3rd day of the experiment and 20.0% at the 7th day, but that of the control group was 20.0% at the 3rd day and 7% at the 7th day. There was a significant difference in urinary tract infection rate between the two groups at the 3rd day but no significant difference at the 7th day. 2. In the control group, the rate of UTI was 0.7% for male and 13.3% for female at the 3rd day, and 6.7% for male and 40% for female at the 7th day. In the experimental group, the rate of UTI was 6.7% for male and 0.0% for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 7th day of experiment. There was a no significant difference between male and female. 3. By comparing the rate of UTI to the length of time the urinary catheter was in place, the longer the catheter was in place the more significant was the rate of UTI. 4. Microorganisms isolated in the control group were bacteria for 7 cases and fungus for 3 cases but in the experimental group, only 2 cases of bacteria were isolated.

본 연구는 주기적 결과 모니터링(Routine Outcome Monitoring [ROM])을 위해 증상 감소와 다차원적 안녕감의 관점을 통합적으로 고려한 상담 성과 측정 척도(Outcome Measurement Scale [OMS])를 개발하고 그 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 주기적 결과 모니터링 활용도가 높은 기존의 성과 평정 척도(Outcome Rating Scale [ORS])의 문제점과 관련 선행연구를 검토하여 심리적 불편감, 자기개념, 친밀한 관계, 일과 역할, 그리고 전반적 만족을 측정하는 총 5문항으로 구성된 간편 성과 척도를 개발하였다. 대학생 400명을 대상으로 한 예비조사에서 문항 검토를 실시하고 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 1요인이 도출되었다. 척도의 일반화 가능성을 고려하여 전 연령대를 포함한 일반인 1,000명을 대상으로 본조사를 실시하였다. 본조사의 확인적 요인분석에서 단일 차원 모형은 양호한 모형 적합도를 보였고, 우수한 내적합치도(α= .93)를 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 주기적 결과 모니터링에서 자주 활용되는 상담 성과(CORE-OM), 우울(PHQ-9), 불안(K-GAD-7)과 The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index(WHO-5) 척도와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 공인타당도가 확인되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다.

This study developed and validated the Outcome Measurement Scale (OMS), integrating symptom reduction and a multidimensional well-being perspective for Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM). To address limitations of the existing Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), widely used for ROM, and based on a review of relevant literature, a brief outcome scale was developed. The OMS consists of five items measuring psychological discomfort, self-concept, intimate relationships, work and roles, and overall satisfaction. In a preliminary survey of 400 university students, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure. A subsequent survey of 1,000 participants from the general population confirmed this structure through confirmatory factor analysis, demonstrating excellent internal consistency (α = .93). The OMS exhibited strong concurrent validity through significant correlations with established ROM measures, including the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and well-being (WHO-5 Index). Implications for clinical practice and study limitations are discussed.

본 연구는 출생 후 분만실에서 벌브시린지를 사용하여 구인두흡인 시행 후, 신생아실에 입원한 건강한 신생아를 대상으로흡인 유무와 종류에 따른 대상자의 산소포화도, 심박동수, 호흡수의 변화를 비교하고 구토의 유무와 횟수를 관찰하여 신생아실에서 행해지는 상례적인 흡인이 신생아에게 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 건강한 신생아에게 흡인을 적용할 경우 흡인종류와 상관없이 산소포화도를 감소시키며 심박동수와 호흡수를 증가시킴을 알 수 있었고, 흡인을 하지 않아도 산소포화도나 활력징후가 안정됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 건강한 신생아들에게 흡인으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하기 위해 신생아실에서의 상례적인 흡인은 피하고 꼭 필요한 신생아에게 선택적인 흡인술의 사용이 필요하다고 사료된다. 그러나 본 연구의 대상자는 일개 병원의 건강한 신생아를 대상으로 대상자가 국한되었으므로 연구결과를 확대 해석하여 일반화하기에는 무리가있겠다.

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effect of routine suctioning at a nursery for healthy newborns who have undergone immediate oronasopharyngeal bulb suctioning after birth in a delivery room through the observation of their oxygen saturation level, heart rate, respiration rate, the vomiting sign, and the number of instances of vomiting. Methods: Data were collected for 62 days from March 15 to May 15, 2009 at the nursery of a hospital located in Seoul. One hundred forty newborns were assigned to one of three groups: a no suction group, an oropharyngeal suction group, or a orogastric suction group. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program using ANOVA, cross tabulations and an independent 2-sample t-test. Results: Routine suctioning to healthy newborns resulted in decreasing oxygen saturation levels and increasing the heart and respiration rate regardless of the kind of suctioning. Stabilization of the oxygen saturation level and vital signs was also observed without suctioning. Conclusion: To prevent healthy newborns from the side effect of suctioning, selective suctioning is recommended.

This study was undertaken in an attempt to; 1) measure value orientation of nursing activities, 2) identify the relationship between nurse's role perception and patient's expectation, and 3) evaluate the pattern of nursing education and nursing service administration. 203 hospitalized adults and 203 professional nurses from 11 general hospitals in Seoul during the period of July to December 1973 were tested according to questionnaire based on 4 categories of clinical nursing activities, 1) physical care, 2) observation and control, 3) psycho-social care and 4) therapeutic measures. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Nurses were more concerned than patients in the physical care category. Significant difference was revealed by p<.01 level (t=2.800). Mean value score of nurses was average (2.84), and mean value score of patients was relative' y low (2.49). None of the physical care category questionnaire items were over 3.5. 2. Respondents from hospitals of total care system revealed significant difference in the physical care category by P〈.025 level. (t=2.242). Mean value score of both group were average level (nurse 2.90, patient 2.53), nurses showed higher concern. 3. Difference between nurse's role perception and patient's expectation in observation and control category was revealed non- significance by p〉0.05. level (t=1.238). Mean value score of both group revealed relatively high (nurse=3.44, patient 3.19). 4. Difference between nurse's role perception and patient〉expectation in psycho-social cart category revealed non- significance by p〉.05 level (t=0.758), Mean value score of both group revealed average level (nurse =2.71, patient =2.53), 5. Non- significant difference was noted between B. S. N. and diploma nurse's role perception in the psycho- social care category by p> 0.1 level (t=0.316). 4. Difference between nurse's role perception and patient's expectation in the rapeutic me assures category revealed non- significance by p〉0.05 level) t=0.503). Horses showed high concern by mean value score 3.56 level and patients relatively high by 3.41. All items of this category revealed very high or relatively high value score.

본 연구는 복지국가의 제도적 맥락이 자동화 위험과 사회정책 선호의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지 분석한다. 특히 위험과 정책선호의 관계가 국가별 사회보험 제도의 관대성 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지에 주목한다. 기존 연구들은 주관적 위험 인식이나 단일 국가 사례에 주목했던 것과 달리, 본 연구는 ‘정형화된 업무 강도(RTI’)라는 객관적 자동화 위험 지표를 활용하여 사회정책 선호에 대한 국가 간 비교분석을 시도했다. 구체적으로 OECD 18개국의 RTM(Risk That Matter) 데이터, CWEP(Comparative Welfare Entitlement Project) 데이터, 그리고 RTI(Routine Task Intensity) 지수를 결합하여 다층모형분석을 실시했다. 종속변수인 대안적 사회정책 선호도는 로봇세, 일자리창출(일자리 나누기)정책, 실업보장, 기본소득, 교육, 재훈련, 디지털 인프라 투자 정책에 대한 선호도를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, RTI가 높은 직업 종사자일수록 대부분의 사회정책에 대한 선호도가 증가했다. 그러나 이러한 관계는국가의 사회보험 관대성 수준에 따라 차별적으로 나타났다. 특히 일자리 창출정책과 디지털 인프라 투자 정책에서 통계적으로 유의미한 조절효과가 확인되었다. 사회보험 관대성이 낮은 국가에서는 RTI 증가가 일자리 나누기를 통한 일자리 창출 정책 선호 감소와 디지털 인프라 투자 정책 선호 증가로 이어진 반면, 관대성이 높은 국가에서는 그 반대였다. 이는 사회보장이 취약한 상황에서는 일자리 나누기를 통한 일자리 창출방식의 구조적 개혁보다 직접적 소득보장이 선호됨을 시사한다. 이러한 발견은자동화 위험에 대한 정책 대응이 각국의 제도적 맥락을 고려한 차별화된 접근을 필요로 함을 보여준다. 본 연구는 디지털 전환기 복지국가의 정치적 지형 변화를 이해하고, 각국의 맥락에 맞는 효과적인정책 대응을 설계하는데 기여할 것이다.

This study analyzes how automation risk in the digital transition affects social policy preferences and how this relationship is moderated by the generosity of social insurance systems across countries. Unlike previous studies that focused on subjective risk perception or single-country cases, this research employs the objective automation risk indicator of Routine Task Intensity (RTI) to conduct cross-national comparative analysis. Specifically, we combined data from 18 OECD countries using the RTM (Risk That Matter) survey, CWEP (Comparative Welfare Entitlement Project), and RTI index. The dependent variables include preferences for robot tax, job creation policies, social protection, basic income, education/retraining, and digital infrastructure investment policies. Results show that workers in occupations with higher RTI generally showed stronger preferences for most social policies. However, this relationship was moderated by national social insurance generosity levels. Notably, significant interaction effects were found in preferences for job creation and digital infrastructure investment policies. In countries with low social insurance generosity, RTI increase led to decreased preference for job creation policies but increased preference for digital infrastructure investment. The opposite pattern was observed in countries with high social insurance generosity. These findings suggest that policy responses to digital transformation require differentiated approaches considering each country's institutional context. Particularly in countries with weak social insurance, establishing basic income security systems should precede structural reforms or human capital investment policies.