Earticle

Wind energy has significant growth recently. According to the numbers, wind energy had grown a lot since 2011. Despite of wind energy, other renewable energy resources are also available, and they all have their own characteristics. Energy sources such as co-firing helps reduce the pollution. This article shows the development of wind energy and its market. At the same time, giving the potential and future outlook of offshore wind energy. For now, energies such as coal burning could also be improved to reduce the amount of pollution made.

본 연구는 재생에너지와 관련된 에너지 분야의 동향과 관계구조를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 SNS Data를 포한한 Big Data를 중점으로 분석하였다. SNS는 Instragram 플랫폼을 활용하여 재생에너지 해시 태그들을 수집하였으며, 빅데이터 분석, 소셜네트워크 분석을 위한 워드임베딩 방법으로 사용하였고, 본 연구에 서 도출된 결과를 토대로 재생에너지 산업의 발전에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study is to analyze trends and relational structures in the energy sector related to renewable energy. For this rea son, in this study, we focused on big data including SNS data. SNS utilizes the Instagram platform to collect renewable energy hash tags and use them as a word embedding method for big data analysis and social network analysis, and base d on the results derived from this research, it will be used for the development of the renewable energy industry. It is ex pected that it can be utilized.

While protecting its lives and property from natural disasters such as floods and droughts, North Korea needs to develop into an informationized industrial society by securing renewable energy power in the era of energy transition. In addition, existing research has considered that a policy of continuous and consistent expansion of renewable energy based on the safety of the lives of ordinary people could be the solution. South Korea needs to recognize that the supply of energy for a minimum of living is more important to the North Korean people than the economic benefits of securing North Korea's renewable energy market. Therefore, in this paper, from that point of view, we have calculated the amount of electricity that North Korea lacks necessary for the lives of its inhabitants that can be replaced by renewable energy, and considered ways to estimate the market value.

정부는 신재생에너지 보급을 확대하는 RPS제도를 지속해서 개선하지만, 온실가스 저감효과 증대를 위해 환경적 인 측면을 더 고려해야 한다는 비판이 있다. 공급인증서 가중치는 신재생 에너지원별로 차등화되어 있다. 공급인증서 가중치 결정 요소의 하나인 온실가스 저감효과 항목 값은 전문가의 의견을 반영하여 결정된다. 이번 연구는 온실가스 배출량을 정확하게 반영하기 위해 전과정 평가를 고려하였다. 전과정 평가는 연료 생산, 수송부터 발전소 건설, 운영, 폐지까지의 전과정에서 발생 되는 온실가스를 정확하게 산출하는 것이다. 이번 연구는 온실가스 저감효과를 기존 정성 적 방법에서 정량적 방법으로 변경하는 방안을 제안하고 평가한다. 그 결과, 평가 점수는 바뀌는데, 점수를 등급화하는 구간이 커서 REC 가중치에는 영향을 주지 않는다. 따라서 온실가스 저감효과를 공급인증서 가중치에 직접 반영하는 방안을 제시하였다.

The government continuously improves the RPS system to expand the supply of renewable energy, but there has been criticism that more environmental aspects should be considered to reduce GHG emission. REC weights are differentiated according to renewable energy sources. Greenhouse gas emission is one of the decisive factors, and its value is set by experts’ opinion. This study assigns LCA to get accurate value of GHG emission. The LCA calculates emitted greenhouse gases from entire process of fuel production, transportation, power plant construction, operation, and decommission. This study suggests a method to change the greenhouse gas reduction effect from the existing qualitative method to the quantitative method and evaluates them. As a result, the evaluation score is changed, but the tier interval is so large that it does not affect the REC weight. Therefore, this study suggests the way that directly reflect the greenhouse gas reduction effect in the REC weight.

지구 온난화로 인한 환경위기가 심화되며, 자원의 고갈 위기가 심화되는 가운데, 국가비전으로 ‘저탄소 녹 색성장’이 제시되었다. 기후 변화에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 저탄소 발전전략이 필수적인데, 이에 따라 탄소 배출이 낮으며 발전 효율이 가장 높은 원자력 발전과 신재생 에너지가 주목을 받았다. 원자력 발전은 낮은 발전단 가와 높은 발전 효율로 각광 받은 에너지였지만, 현재에는 후쿠시마 원전 사고로 인해 방사능에 대한 불안심리가 높아져, 다수의 부정적인 의견이 나오고 있다. 현재 진행되고 있는 에너지 정책은 원자력 발전소의 감축 및 신재생 에너지 보급 장려 정책으로, 원자력의 비중을 줄이고 신재생 에너지의 비중을 높이는 것이다.

Amid the deepening environmental crisis caused by global warming and the deepening energy and resource depletion crisis, ‘Low-carbon green growth’ was presented as a national vision. A low carbon development strategy is essential to effectively respond to climate change. As a result, nuclear power and renewable energy, which have low carbon emissions and the highest power generation efficiency, received attention. Nuclear power has been the spotlight for its low cost and high generation efficiency, but now there are a lot of negative opinions due to anxiety over radiation caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident. The current energy policy is the reduction of nuclear power plants and the promotion of renewable energy, reducing the share of nuclear power and increasing the share of renewable energy.

본 논문은 국내/외 대규모 정전의 발생을 검토하고 전력 계통 운영 대책 방안을 검토하였다. 해외 주요 정전은 계통의 복잡화, 설비 투자 부족, 재생에너지 증가, 송전선 과부하 등 다양한 원인으로 분석된다. 최근 발생한 스페인 대정전의 큰 원인은 재생에너지의 의존도의 증가와 전력망의 취약성이 결합하여 발생하였다. 유럽의 전력 계통 정전으로 사회적 혼란과 경제적 손실이 발생하였다. 특히, 스페인은 풍력과 태양광의 비중이 높아 재생에너지의 영향이 크다. 국내도 탄소 배출을 줄이기 위한 에너지 정책으로 재생에너지의 발전 비중을 확대하기위해 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 정전에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 재생에너지에 운영 전략을 검토하였다. 이를 통해 국내 재생에너지의 확대 목표를 달성하면서 전력계통의 안정성과 신뢰도를 유지하기 위한 계통운영방안 수립에 기여하고자 한다.

This paper has been examined the occurrence of large-scale blackouts domestically and internationally and reviews operational countermeasures for the domestic power system. It was analyzed the major overseas blackouts as stemming from various causes, including increasing grid complexity, insufficient equipment investment, rising renewable energy adoption, and transmission line overloads. Recently, large-scale blackout in Spain has been considered to have resulted primarily from the combination of increased reliance on renewable energy and grid vulnerabilities. It has been caused significant social disruption and economic losses in the European power grid blackout. Particularly, Spain is highly sensitive to the impact of renewable energy, with a high proportion of wind and solar power. Domestically, energy policies has been aimed at reducing carbon emissions due to promoting an expansion in the generation share of renewable energy. This paper proposed that has been examined operational strategies for renewable energy that could impact power outages. It has been considered to contribute to establishing grid operation plans that maintain power system stability and reliability while achieving domestic renewable energy expansion targets.

The transition to sustainable buildings is a pressing issue, driven by environmental and economic concerns. This study evaluates the energy-saving effects and cost-efficiency of green remodeling elements in public buildings, focusing on daycare centers and health clinics remodeled in 2021 and 2022. The analysis highlights that building envelope improvements, such as enhanced insulation and high-performance windows, offer significant energy savings at relatively low costs, making them a priority in remodeling projects. HVAC and ventilation system upgrades, while requiring higher initial investments, show potential for long-term savings and indoor environment enhancement. Additionally, LED lighting and control systems are identified as cost-effective methods for reducing energy consumption, and renewable energy technologies significantly enhance energy independence and carbon reduction, despite their substantial upfront costs. This study provides a systematic approach to incorporating cost and energy considerations into public building remodeling designs, offering valuable insights for efficient strategy development. It also underscores the need for government support to promote green remodeling initiatives. Future research should focus on exploring the interactions between remodeling elements and external factors to develop more comprehensive and sophisticated analyses.

본 연구는 스포츠 시설의 지속가능성을 분석하고, 재생에너지와 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와의 연계성 에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 연구 방법으로는 스포츠 시설에서의 재생에너지 기술 통합과 이를 통한 SDGs 달성에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 스포츠 시설의 지속가능성을 강화하기 위한 주요 전략으로는 지속가능성 정책 개발, 교육 및 인식 제고 프로그램 강화, 지속가능한 기술 장려, 스포츠 시설에서의 에너지 효율성 및 재생에너지 사용 촉진 등이 포함되었다. 이러한 전략들은 스포츠 시설의 환경 영향을 최소화하고, SDGs와 연계된 지 속가능한 발전을 촉진하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 스포츠 시설 관리에서 환경적 지속가능성을 강화하기 위해서는 다각적인 접근이 필요하 다. 본 연구에서 제시된 전략과 지침은 스포츠 시설이 직면한 환경적 도전과제를 극복하고, SDGs에 부합 하는 장기적인 지속가능성을 달성하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. 그러나 연구의 한계점으로는 실증적 데이 터의 부족과 특정 지역에 국한된 사례 분석 등이 있다. 향후 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 보완하고, 보다 광범위한 지역과 시설을 대상으로 한 실증 연구가 필요할 것이다. 또한, 스포츠 시설의 지속가능성 제고 를 위한 정책적, 기술적 지원 방안에 대한 심층적인 연구도 요구된다. 이를 통해 스포츠 산업이 지속가 능한 발전의 중요한 주체로 자리매김할 수 있을 것이다.

Objectives This study aims to analyze the impact of advanced technologies and the metaverse on the sports industry, particularly sports facilities, and explore future prospects. Methods The study employs a comprehensive analysis of the integration of cutting-edge technologies in sports facilities and the influence of the metaverse on the sports industry. Results Key strategies identified include developing sustainability policies, strengthening education and awareness programs, encouraging sustainable technologies, and promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy use. Conclusions Enhancing environmental sustainability in sports facility management requires a multi-faceted approach. The strategies and guidelines provided can contribute to overcoming environmental challenges and achieving long-term sustainability. Further research is needed to address limitations and expand the study's scope

조류발전은 조석 현상에 의해 발생하는 조류를 이용하여 에너지를 생산하는 발전 방식이다. 조석 현상은 지구가 존재 하는 한 발생하는 자연적인 현상으로 조류발전을 통하여 지속가능하고, 규칙적인 에너지 생산이 가능하다. 이에 많은 국가에서 조류에너지 개발에 노력을 기울이고 있는 실정이나, 조류발전이 해양 동물에 미치는 영향에 대한 우려도 여 전히 존재하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 조류발전이 해양동물에 미치는 다양한 영향을 종합적으로 검토하고, 향후 추진해야 하는 과제들에 대하여 고찰하였다.

Tidal current power generation is a power generation method that produces energy using tidal currents generated by tidal phenomena. Tidal current power generation is a sustainable and regular energy production because tidal phenomenon occurs as long as the earth exists. Many countries are focusing on the development of tidal energy, but there are still concerns about the impact of tidal energy on the marine animals. In the present study, we reviewed on the various impacts of tidal power generation on marine animals and the future assignments.

The government is implementing a policy to expand eco-friendly energy as a power source. However, the output of new and renewable energy is not constant. It is difficult to stably adjust the power supply to the power demand in the power system. Therefore, the government predicts day-ahead the amount of renewable energy generation to cope with the output volatility caused by the expansion of renewable energy. It is a system that pays a settlement amount if it transitions within a certain error rate the next day. In this paper, Machine Learning was used to study the prediction of power generation within the error rate.

식물 미생물 연료전지(P-MFC)는 식물과 근계의 미생물 군집에서 전기를 생성하는 바이오매스 활용 에너지 기술로 지속가능한 환경을 고려하는 자연기반해법의 적정기술이다. 국내 수변공간에 적합한 P-MFC 기술 개발을 위해서는 국제적인 연구 동향에 대한 분석이 선행되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 Web of Science에서 조회되 는 P-MFC 관련 연구논문 총 700편을 대상으로 동시 출현단어 분석 프로그램인 VOSviewer을 사용해 핵심 키워드 를 도출하고 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, P-MFC 관련 연구는 1998년부터 지속적으로 증가하고 있으 며 특히 2010년대 중후반부터 크게 증가 추세에 있다. 국가별 논문 투고 수는 ‘중국’-‘미국’-‘인도’ 순으로 가장 많았 으며 2010년대 이후 P-MFC에 관해 관심이 커지기 시작해 수변공간과 습지 환경이 풍부한 필리핀, 우크라이나, 멕시 코 등의 나라에서도 게재 수가 늘어나고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기간별 연구 경향의 경우, 1998년~2015년에는 다양한 환경에서 미생물 연료전지의 성능 검증에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었다. 2016년~2020년에는 미생물 연료전지 사용의 구체적인 조건, P-MFC의 구조 및 발전 방식과 관련된 연구가 주를 이루었다. 2021년~2023년에는 P-MFC 발전 과정의 제약 요소와 효율성 향상을 위한 구체적인 연구가 주로 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 파악된 P-MFC 관 련 국제적 연구 동향은 향후 국내 수변공간에 적합한 기술 개발 시 유용한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 본 연구 외에 세부 분야별 연구 동향 및 수준에 대해서도 추가적인 연구가 필요하며 국내에서 P-MFC 기술의 발전과 활성화를 위해서는 현장 적용성에 대한 연구 확대와 정책, 제도적 개선도 병행되어야 할 것이다.

Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (P-MFCs) are biomass-based energy technologies that generate electricity from plant and root microbial communities and are suitable for natural fundamental solutions considering sustainable environments. In order to develop P-MFC technology suitable for domestic waterfront space, it is necessary to analyze international research trends first. Therefore, in this study, 700 P-MFC-related research papers were investigated in Web of Science, and the core keywords were derived using VOSviewer, a word analysis program, and the research trends were analyzed. First, P-MFC-related research has been on the rise since 1998, especially since the mid to late 2010s. The number of papers submitted by each country was “China,” “U.S.” and “India.” Since the 2010s, interest in P-MFCs has increased, and the number of publications in the Philippines, Ukraine, and Mexico, which have abundant waterfront space and wetland environments, is increasing. Secondly, from the perspective of research trends in different periods, 1998-2015 mainly carried out microbial fuel cell performance verification research in different environments. The 2016-2020 period focuses on the specific conditions of microbial fuel cell use, the structure of P-MFC and how it develops. From 2021 to 2023, specific research on constraints and efficiency improvement in the development of P-MFC was carried out. The P-MFC-related international research trends identified through this study can be used as useful data for developing technologies suitable for domestic waterfront space in the future. In addition to this study, further research is needed on research trends and levels in subsectors, and in order to develop and revitalize P-MFC technologies in Korea, research on field applicability should be expanded and policies and systems improved.

Due to changes in the distribution system and increased demand for renewable energy, interest in technology to increase the limit capacity of distributed energy grid connection using grid flexible resources is also increasing. Recently, the distribution system system is changing due to the increase in distributed power from renewable energy, and as a result, problems with the limited capacity of the distribution system, such as waiting for renewable energy to connect and increased overload, are occurring. According to the power generation facility status report provided by the Korea Power Exchange, of the total power generation capacity of 134,020 MW as of 2021, power generation capacity through new and renewable energy facilities is 24,855 MW, accounting for approximately 19%, and among them, power generation through solar power accounts for a total portion of the total. It was analyzed that the proportion of solar power generation facilities was high, accounting for 75%. In the future, the proportion of new and renewable energy power generation facilities is expected to increase, and accordingly, an efficient operation plan for the distribution system is needed. Advanced country-type NWAs that can integrate the operation and management of load characteristics for each line of the distribution system, power distribution, regional characteristics, and economic feasibility of distributed power in order to improve distribution network use efficiency without expanding distribution facilities due to the expansion of renewable energy. An integrated operating system is needed. In this study, in order to improve the efficiency of distribution network use without expanding distribution facilities due to the expansion of renewable energy, we developed a method that can integrate the operation and management of load characteristics for each line of the distribution system, power distribution, regional characteristics, and economic feasibility of distributed power. We want to develop an integrated operation system for NWAs similar to that of advanced countries.

In this paper, a tidal power conversion system (PCS) using seawater level differences was presented.. To verify the presented PCS, an actual lab-scale tidal power generation system was constructed. The operation of the lab-scale PCS was first modeled mathematically and was analyzed through dynamic simulation and experimental tests.

For the Floating Photovoltaic development project, economic analysis is conducted by predicting the amount of power generation in consideration of climate factors. Among the climate factors, the outside temperature increases the temperature of the module. As a result, the efficiency of the module is reduced. Due to global warming, the outside temperature is rising every year, when estimating the amount of power generation over the next 20 years, a more accurate prediction will be possible only when considering the temperature rise.

본 연구에서는 Monopile 방식 풍력발전기 강구조물의 부식을 방지하기 위하여 S355 steel의 표면 거칠기에 따른 용사 코팅 상태에 관한 연구를 수행했다. 일차적으로는 시편별 서로 다른 표면거칠기를 부여하기 위해 밀링머신에 페이스 커터를 결합하여 시편별로 다른 조건의 Ra값 기준 표면거칠기를 부여했다. 실험 조건으로는 시편 가공 시 4가지의 회전속도(60, 400, 1200, 2000 rpm), feed rate 150(mm/min) 조건을 선정했다. 2차로는 와이어 용융 방식의 아크 용사 코팅을 실시했다. 코팅 조건으로는 분사 거리 200mm, 전압 24V, 전류 120A, 분사 압력 5bar, 와이어 삽입 속도 30g/mm, 와이어 직경 2mm이다. 용사 코팅 후 FE-SEM으로 표면을 관찰한 결과 모든 시편의 S355 면과 코팅층(아연-알루미늄) 사이에 유격이 발생하지 않고 성공적으로 안착이 되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this research, the a novel finishing machine was used for hight-precision surface of spherical ball products that have been widely used for on/off valve for hydrogen energy flowing system and in medical field such as artificial hip joint component. The spherical balls products are the workpiece that made by Co-Cr-Mo alloys with 32-mm in diameter and Sa≈ 0.30μm in surface roughness. Their surface roughness was successfully improved via the magnetic abrasive tools that controlled the magnetic field of permanent magnets. The critical input conditions were selected as rotational speed: 800rpm, gap: 3mm, tool grain size: 1-μm finishing time: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15min. The results of this research showed that under the given finishing conditions, the high surface quality in the terms of surface precision of spherical ball products are successfully achieved, in which the surface roughness is reduced from 0.30-μm to 0.04-μm within the short finishing time at 12min. Therefore, it can be concluded that a novel finishing machine is feasible to be used for improving the surface roughness of spherical ball products, resulted in high surface precision of materials.

It is well-established that non-renewable energy sources adversely affect the environment and human health. Nonetheless, the Philippines continues utilizing this energy source as it is more accessible than the alternatives. Non-renewables, especially coal, are cheap; there is ease and familiarity with non-renewables and a lack of knowledge and experience in utilizing renewable energy. However, as the consumption of this energy source grew, the challenge involving the inevitable depletion of this resource arose. In response to this problem, the Philippine government created the National Renewable Energy Program (NREP), which aims for 15.3 gigawatts of renewable power capacity by 2030. Despite this, coal remained the highest power share, and renewable energy was ignored. Although there are regions in the Philippines with existing renewable energy projects, it was mostly hydropower and solar power. Moreover, the current projects do not hit the target capacity stated in the NREP. There are still various renewable energy sources that could be utilized. Aside from solar power and hydropower, there is potential for biomass, wind, and geothermal energy utilization. This study has been conducted to evaluate the existing and the possible renewable energy sources in Northern Mindanao, Philippines (Region 10), and assess the resources’ potential.

Rural spaces are increasingly valuable as areas for introducing renewable energy infrastructure to achieve carbon neutrality. Rural areas are the living grounds of rural residents, and the balance of conservation and development for rural areas is important for the introduction of reasonable facilities. In order to maintain a balance between development and preservation and to introduce reasonable renewable energy facilities, it is necessary to develop a current status survey and an effective survey method to utilize a space capable of introducing renewable energy facilities such as idle land and vacant houses. Therefore, this study was conducted to verify the readability using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the main results are as follows. The detection of photovoltaic power generation facilities using unmanned aerial vehicles was effective in analyzing the location and area of photovoltaic panels located on the roofs of buildings, and it was possible to calculate the expected power generation by region through the area calculation of photovoltaic panels. The vacant house detection can be used to select an investigation target for an vacant house condition survey as it can identify damage to buildings that are expected to be empty houses, management status, and electricity supply facilities through aerial photos. It is judged that the unmanned aerial vehicle detection capability can be utilized as a method to improve the efficiency of investigation and supplement the data related to solar power generation facilities and vacant houses provided by public institutions. Although this study detected the status of solar power generation facilities and vacant houses through high-resolution aerial image analysis, as a follow-up study, automatic measurement methods using the temperature difference of solar power generation facilities and general characteristics of vacant houses that can be read from the air were investigated. If the deriving research is carried out, it is judged that it will be possible to contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of the detection result using the unmanned aerial vehicle and the expansion of the application range.