Earticle

제한된 환경인 실험실에서 짧은 시험 시간으로 신속하게 수명을 파악할 수 있는 가 속시험 데이터와 극한 환경시험 데이터는 실험실 데이터로서 정밀한 결과를 제공하지 만, 실제 사용 환경을 잘 반영하지 못한다. 그러나 사용현장데이터인 보증데이터는 보 증기간 동안 보증서비스 센터에 접수된 고장으로부터 얻어진 필드 데이터로 사용자의 실제 사용 환경에 따른 제품 고장을 파악할 수 있으므로 제품의 수명을 추정하기에 더욱 효과적일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 보증데이터의 특징을 설명하였으며 보증정책에 따른 분석방법으로 1 차원, 2차원으로 분류하였다. 이에 따른 연구 동향과 적용 현황을 조사하여 보증데이 터를 사용한 필드 신뢰성 분석의 효과적인 활용방안을 논의하고자 한다.

In modern society, the delivery service market has grown explosively due to rapid changes in social structure and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, various problems such as injury to workers and an increase in human accidents are occurring due to the loading and unloading of parcels. In order to solve this problem, domestic company n is developing a “robot-based cargo loading and unloading system”. In developing a new technology system, quantitative reliability targets should be set for efficient operation and development. In this paper, reliability analysis was conducted through field data for the pneumatic gripper of the “robot-based cargo loading system”. The reliability of the failure data was analyzed to estimate the distribution parameters and MTTF. Random data was derived for the probability of occurrence of a failure with the estimated value. By repeating the simulation to predict the number and year of failures according to the estimated parameters of the probability distribution, it was proposed as a method that reflects realistic probabilities rather than calculating with simple arithmetic using the average MTTF previously used in the field.

우리 인간의 주변에는 다양한 방사성 물질이 존재하고 있다. 최근 들어서는 삶의 질 향상과 함께 건강에 대한 관심도 높아지면서 방사선을 활용한 검사 등 또한 많아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이런 방사선을 생활 관련 방사선으로 정의하고, 이에 대한 지식을 측정할 수 있는 측정도구를 개발해 보았다. 그 결과 신뢰성이 확보되는 18개 문항을 개발하 였다. 나아가 이를 이용하여 생활방사선 안전 관련 지식에 대한 실태를 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 방사선 관련 교육을 받은 그룹이 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 점수를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 상관분석 및 회귀분 석을 통해서 보았을 때 평소 안전 관련 관심도가 높을수록 생활방사선 안전 관련 지식이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 토대로 현대인들의 안전을 위하여 학교 교육과정에서 방사선 안전 관련 교수-학습이 이루어져할 필요성이 제안되었다.

Various radioactive materials exist around us. In recent years, as interest in health has increased along with the improvement of the quality of life, examinations using radiation are also increasing. This research defined aforementioned radiation as a living radiation and developed a measurement to measure general knowledge people have on it. Eighteen reliable items were developed; current status on general knowledge regarding the safety of living radiation was analyzed using the items. As a result, a group with radiation-related education got statistically higher score than a group without such education. Correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that higher attention on usual safety leads into the greater knowledge on safety of living radiation. Therefore, this research shed lights on the necessity of radiation safety-related education in current educational course in schools.

연구목적 및 방법: 본 논문은 지반구조물 계측센서의 내구연한 기준에 대한 분석적 연구로 국내 건설공 사 발주기관의 건설 계측센서에 대한 내구연한 기준과 조달청의 건설계측 및 건설기계 관련 내용연수 기준을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 지반구조물에 설치되기 전 조달청에서 물품 자체로 구매하는 경사계와 변형률계 등의 내구연한 기준은 8년에서 10년을 제시하고 있다. 결론: 국내외 댐에 설치된 각종 계측센 서의 신뢰성 비교를 통한 실제적인 내구연한 분석과 터널에 설치된 유지관리 계측센서의 경과연수에 대한 손망실율 등을 종합 검토한 결과 구조물이나 지반에 설치된 국내 간극수압계 및 토압계 등의 매립 식 계측센서의 적정 내구연한은 5년에서 8년이 합리적인 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose & Method: The purpose of this study is the theoretical study on the durability standard of ground structures monitoring sensors. A survey on the durability criteria for construction monitoring sensors of domestic construction companies and the income tax implementation regulations, the standard years of contents such as buildings and the standards of the Public Procurement Service for construction monitoring and construction machinery were analyzed. Result: The durability criterion such as the inclination meter and the strain gauge, which are purchased from the Public Procurement Service prior to installation on the ground structure, is 8 to 10 years. Conclusion: The actual durability analysis by comparing the reliability of various monitoring sensors installed in dams at home and abroad, As a result of comprehensive study on the loss and damage rate of the maintenance monitoring sensor installed in the tunnel, the proper durability period of the built-in type monitoring sensor such as domestic pore pressure meter and earth pressure meter installed in the structure or the ground is 5 to 8 years it seems reasonable.

본 연구의 목적은 4년제 대학에서 문화예술경영 NCS 교육과정 도입의 필요성과 NCS 교육이 취업과 자격증 취득에 도움이 되는지 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 연구모형 “문화예술경영 NCS 교육에 관심, 4년제 대학에 서 NCS 교육과정 도입의 필요성, 취업 및 자격증 취득에 도움”을 설정하고 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과 Chronbach's Alpha 계수 값이 0.821, 0.807, 0.830로 산출되어 내적 일관성을 확보한 것으로 나타났다. 측정변수의 타당성분석도 모두 기준치(0.5) 이상 산출되었으며 집중타당성과 판별타당성도 모두 확보된 것으로 나타났다. 가설 검증결과 표준화계수가 0.608과 0.977로 나타나 두 가설 모두 양(+)의 관계를 보여 주었다. 따라서 각 연구가설은 높은 상호 연관성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of introduction of NCS curriculum for culture and arts management at four - year college and whether NCS education is helpful for employment and acquiring certification. For this purpose, we set up the research model "Culture Arts Management NCS Education, Necessity of NCS curriculum introducing at 4-year universities, Help in employment and business performance" and surveyed. As a result, Chronbach's Alpha coefficients were calculated as 0.821, 0.807, and 0.830 and the internal consistency was secured. The validity analysis of the measured variables was also calculated above the reference value(0.5). And it was found that both intensive validity and discriminant validity were secured. As a result of the hypothesis test, the standardization coefficients were 0.608 and 0.977, and both hypotheses showed positive (+) relationship. Therefore, each research hypothesis was highly correlated.

The issue is all about the study of warranty data collection and the analysis method to get a reasonable information of the products and improve reliability. In this paper, we consider the classification of warranty data analyses into a parametric and non-parametric analysis and method to get a reasonable information of the products. Also, it is considered the research trend by grouping the relationship among the studies. This study would be used to find the effective application and the condition of warranty data analysis.

최근 들어 시스템이나 부품에 대한 고객의 요구조건이 다양해지고 제품책임과 품질보증 등의 사회적 요구가 점차 엄격해지고 있다. 이에 기업에서는 위험을 줄이고 제품의 합리적인 정보를 얻기 위해 제품 관련 보증데이터 수집 시스템을 구축하고 분석과예측을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 데이터 수집체계 구축에 많은 시간이 소요되고 데이터 유형에 따른 분석 방법에 익숙하지 못하여 데이터를 수집하고 분석하는 대에 어려움이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보증데이터의 분석방법에 대한 연구 동향과 적용 현황을 조사하고, 보증데이터를 통한 효과적 분석방법과 활용방안을 모색 하고자 한다.

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 보호관찰공무원의 탈진연구를 활발하게 적용할 수 있도록 한국형 MBI 탈진척도를 실증적으로 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 2008년 전국에서 근무하는 보호관찰공무원 456명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구에서는 MBI 탈진척도의 신뢰도와 타당도는 신뢰도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 등을 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과 한국형 보호관찰공무원 MBI 탈진척도는 신뢰도분석의 경우 정서적 고갈이 .860, 비인격화가 .775, 개인적 성취가 .829로 높게 나타났지만, 확인적 요인분석을 통한 모델 적합도는 낮았다. 따라서 추가적인 신뢰도분석과 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 최종적으로 15개 항목으로 구성된 한국형 보호관찰공무원 MBI 탈진 척도를 재구성하였고, 모델도 통계적으로 적합한 것을 확인하였다. 한국형 보호관찰공무원 MBI 탈진척도는 보호관찰공무원을 대상으로 수행될 연구와 탈진수준을 감소시키는 프로그램의 기초자료로서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a revised Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI) for Korean Probation and Parole Offices. A total of 456 Korean Probation and Parole Officers were recruited in 2008. The psychometric properties of this revised measure were verified using item reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EPA), confirmatory factor analysis(CPA). The original version of the 22-item MBI was good, with scores of .860 for emotional exhaustion, .775 for depersonalization, .829 for personal accomplishment. But, the original model not a reflect an adequate fit. The final version of the 15-item MBI showed a good internal consistency. In addition a CPA verified the acceptability of the model fit. The results confirmed that the 15-item revised MBI was both reliable and valid. In conclusion, the MBI currently used for Korean Probation and Parole Officers may also be useful in clinical and research settings.

Background Wearable gait analysis devices are increasingly used in clinical practice to evaluate spatiotemporal gait parameters. StepLab is one such device; however, research on its reliability for gait analysis remains limited. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the test?retest reliability of spatiotemporal gait parameters measured using the StepLab IMU-based wearable device in healthy young adults. Study design Cross-sectional study Methods Forty healthy participants (20 females and 20 males; mean age 21.7±3.44 years) completed three 10-meter walk trials at a comfortable, self-selected pace. The same protocol was repeated one week later to assess measurement consistency. Gait parameters, including gait speed, swing duration, stance duration, cycle time, cadence, stride length, and step length, were analyzed. Test?retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3,2). Bland?Altman analysis and standard error of measurement (SEM) were additionally calculated. Results All spatiotemporal gait parameters demonstrated good to excellent test?retest reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.84 to 0.99 and small SEM estimates across variables. Bland?Altman analysis revealed minimal mean differences and narrow limits of agreement, indicating high measurement consistency between sessions. Conclusions The StepLab device demonstrated good to excellent test?retest reliability for spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy young adults under controlled indoor conditions. However, caution is warranted when interpreting these findings due to the homogeneous sample and the short 10-meter walking distance. Future studies should examine reliability in clinical and elderly populations, assess longer walking tasks, and validate StepLab against gold-standard gait analysis systems before broader clinical application.

Objective To replace camera-based three-dimensional motion analyzers which are widely used to analyze body movements and gait but are also costly and require a large dedicated space, this study evaluates the validity and reliability of inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based systems by analyzing their spatio-temporal and kinematic measurement parameters. Methods The investigation was conducted in three separate hospitals with three healthy participants. IMUs were attached to the abdomen as well as the thigh, shank, and foot of both legs of each participant. Each participant then completed a 10-m gait course 10 times. During each gait cycle, the hips, knees, and ankle joints were observed from the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. The experiments were conducted with both a camerabased system and an IMU-based system. The measured gait analysis data were evaluated for validity and reliability using root mean square error (RMSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses. Results The differences between the RMSE values of the two systems determined through kinematic parameters ranged from a minimum of 1.83 to a maximum of 3.98 with a tolerance close to 1%. The results of this study also confirmed the reliability of the IMU-based system, and all of the variables showed a statistically high ICC. Conclusion These results confirmed that IMU-based systems can reliably replace camera-based systems for clinical body motion and gait analyses.

기업은 주요 기능 및 핵심 업무 연속성을 유지하기 위해 재해경감을 위한 기업의 자율 활동 지원에 관한 법률의 기업재난관리표준에 따라 재해경감활동관리체계를 수립하고 있다. 이 과정은 기업의 재해경감활동 준비상태(성숙도) 조사를 통해 재해경감활동 도입 수준의 제시를 기반으로 한다. 그러 나 현행 성숙도 조사는 조사 문항의 중요도를 고려하지 않고 있어 성숙도의 변별력 저하와 재해 경감활동의 분야별 차별성이 고려되지 못하는 문제를 나타내고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 재해경감활동 성숙도 조사의 사례분석을 통한 조사 결과의 신뢰성을 검토하고 조사 영역별 가중치 부여에 따른 결과의 차이점을 분석하였고 그 결과 성숙도 조사 총 8개 영역에 속한 34개 문항이 영역 간 변별력 부담보로 인해 조사 문항의 영역 간 구분에 신뢰성 결여와 그로 인해 조사 대상자의 유사 응답 가능 성이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

In order to maintain major functions and continuity during crisis, companies are establishing a Business Continuity Management System in accordance with a standard for disaster management under the Act on assistance to the autonomous activities of enterprises for disaster mitigation. This process is based on the presentation of the level of introduction of business continuity activities through the survey of the company’s preparation (maturity) for business continuity activities; however, the maturity survey in practice does not consider the importance of the survey items, indicating a problem in that the discriminating ability of maturity and the differentiation by field of business continuity activities cannot be considered. Therefore, this study reviewed the reliability of the survey results through case analysis of the maturity survey of the business continuity activity and analyzed the differences in the results by applying weight to each survey item. As a result, it was found that 34 questions in a total of 8 areas of the maturity survey lacked reliability in the classification between areas due to the burden of discrimination between items and the likelihood of similar responses of the survey subjects was high.

제방의 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 결정론적인 해석과 신뢰성 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 대상인 제방은 경상북도 고령지역에 존재하는 제방으로 해석을 위해 필요한 제방 형상과 지반 물성치는 상세 지반조사 결과에 근거하여 결정하였다. 제방의 활동 모멘트와 저항 모멘트는 Bishop simplified method를 이용하여 평가하였다. 제방의 신뢰성 분석을 위하여, 균질하다고 가정할 수 있는 영역 내에서의 지반 정수의 공간적인 변동성을 재현하기 위하여 Gaussian random field 이론을 적용하였다. 제방주변에 수위가 낮을 경우에는 결정론적인 방법으로 계산한 제방 안전율은 설계기준에 제시된 최소 안전율보다 크게 평가되었고, 신뢰성 분석을 통하여 평가된 잠재된 제방 파괴확률은 목표 기준보다 낮아 안전한 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 수위가 올라가면 제방 안전율은 떨어지고 제방의 파괴확률도 급격히 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

The evaluation of embankment stability was performed based on the results from a conventional deterministic analysis and a reliability analysis. The embankment used in the analyses was selected from real sites located at Goryeong area in South Korea. The Bishop simplified method was implemented to calculate driving and resistance moments of the embankment. In the reliability-based design, Gaussian random field theory was used to account for spatial variabilities of soil properties. The results show that the calculated factors of safety (FS) from the conventional deterministic analyses exceeded the minimum FS proposed in design codes. Also, the random field-based reliability analyses revealed that the probability of embankment failure assuming no water table was much lower than the lower bound of the proposed target probability of failure. However, under increasing levels of water table, FS drops and the probability of failure increases significantly.

The participants in this study consisted of four adults without disabilities and five children with disabilities, including one diagnosed with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), one with asymmetric developmental delay, and three with cerebral palsy. In adults without disabilities, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and multifidus (MF) muscles was assessed using a myotonometer and electromyography (EMG) in supine and sitting positions. In children with disabilities, muscle tone was assessed using a myotonometer in both supine and sitting positions before and after Vojta therapy. In the assessment of intra-rater reliability among adults without disabilities, the RA muscle showed low to moderate reliability, with r = .689 during MVIC, r = .268 before therapy in the sitting position, r = .633 after therapy, and very high reliability in the supine position. The MF muscle showed a moderate correlation (r = .593) before treatment during MVIC, and a high correlation (r = .710) in the prone position, while correlations in the remaining conditions ranged from high to very high. The RA muscle in children with disabilities demonstrated moderate reliability, with correlation coefficients of r = .990 before treatment in the supine position, r = .728 before treatment (trial 1), r = .968 before treatment (trial 2), r = .867 after treatment, and r = .842 in the sitting position. The MF muscle demonstrated very high correlation, with r = .979 before treatment and r = .944 after assuming the prone position. Except for the RA muscle, correlations showed high to very high levels before therapy. In the assessment of intra-rater reliability of EMG signals across postures in non-disabled adults, the MVIC values for the three muscles varied by posture, ranging from .594 (moderate) to .941 (very high) in the RA muscle, while values were high in the remaining conditions. However, in the supine post-RA condition, the value was .112 (poor), whereas in the prone pre-condition, the MF muscle showed .372 (low). The intra-rater reliability of the EMG measurements for each muscle in the remaining postures ranged from high to very high. The intra-rater reliability of myotonometer measurements for trunk muscles was found to be high in both disabled and non-disabled participants. In this study, EMG demonstrated appropriate %MVIC values in both supine and sitting positions, indicating high reliability and validity across postures, and confirming its effectiveness as an evaluation tool for comparing pre- and post-Vojta therapy outcomes. To effectively utilize a myotonometer for assessing trunk muscle stability, it is essential to develop a standardized protocol applicable to diverse patient populations.

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of gross motor function and health fitness assessment tests for children with developmental disabilities. All 35 participants who took part in this study on a voluntary basis were male children (age, 10.31±1.25 years). All selected tests for gross motor function and health fitness assess-ments were used in previous studies to measure basic physical health and motor abilities, which include strength (grip strength test), muscular endurance (modified sit-ups test), flexibility (sit and reach test), and car-diopulmonary endurance (15-m shuttle run test). Reliability was ana-lyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients in the pretest-posttest and Bland-Altman graphs study. Pearson correlation was used to ana-lyze convergent validity and analysis of variance was used to analyze variations among age groups. Lastly, a correlation analysis was con-ducted between the tests in gross motor function and health fitness as-sessments. This study indicates that gross motor function and health fitness assessments have obtained adequate reliability parameters and are able to determine differences in children from 9 to 12 years of age. The tests performed were simple to use, safe, and suitable for children with developmental disabilities.

In the face of increasingly diversified combat environments and the rising importance of soldier survivability, the reliability of bulletproof equipment has emerged as a critical factor in modern military operations. However, the current defense system in Korea lacks a dedicated infrastructure for reliability assessment, leading to potential risks of equipment failure in real combat situations. This institutional gap results in both operational inefficiency and an underestimation of the economic value of soldier protection. To address this issue, this study conducts a cost-benefit analysis of establishing a reliability assessment infrastructure for bulletproof equipment. By incorporating both direct benefits (such as defect detection and maintenance efficiency) and indirect benefits (such as improved soldier survivability and reduced reliance on foreign certification), the analysis evaluates long-term returns over the period 2025–2059. The estimation employs expected utility theory and uses the value of a statistical life (VSL) to quantify survivability-related gains. The results reveal a substantial net present value (NPV) of approximately KRW 320 billion when survivability benefits are included, and KRW 127.6 billion even under the most conservative assumptions. These findings support the strategic necessity of implementing a systematic reliability evaluation framework, not only to enhance operational readiness but also to strengthen the economic sustainability and competitiveness of the domestic defense industry.

The isokinetic interactive line protocol (ILP) appears to enhance neuro-muscular function and may reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety. However, the reliability of the protocol has not been investigated, nor has it been analyzed in relation to psychological states. A total of 165 participants took part in this study, with ages ranging from 21 to 24 years. The gender distribution was 68.4% male and 31.6% female. There was no significant difference in injury duration between males and females (z=-0.922, P=0.357). The intrarater reliability of the ILP, as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was high for both concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps (ranging from 0.891 to 0.980). Likewise, the interrater reliability for these contractions was also high (range, 0.873–0.943). Additionally, during the ILP, there was a significant reduction in posttraumatic stress (t=9.795, P<0.001) and anxiety (t=5.965, P<0.001) related to knee reinjury after 2 weeks. Ultimately, the isokinetic game ILP demonstrates high intra- and interrater reliabilities and can be concluded to effectively reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety when incorporated into retesting.