Earticle

목적 : 알코올 중독자를 대상으로 한 비약물적 치료 프로그램이 삶의 질, 심리사회 기능 및 알코올 소비량 감소에 효과가 있는지 메타분석을 실시하여 이러한 치료기법의 효과를 검증하였다. 검색방법 : 국내외 논문테이타베이스에서 검색어를 이용한 전자 검색과 관련 저널에서 수기 검색을 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 선정기준 : 1990년부터 2011년 5월까지 포함하는 알코올 중독으로 진단받은 성인을 대상으로 비약물적 치료 프로그램에 대한 Ⅰ수준의 Randomized Control Trial (RCT)이며 결과변수로 표준화된 평가도구를 사용한 연구를 선정하였다. 자료수집 및 분석 : 문헌 선정은 두 명의 연구자가 독립적으로 선정하였고, 일치되지 않는 사항에 대해서는 토의과정을 통하여 일치되는 하나의 결과를 도출하였다. 선정기준에 적합한 논문을 대상으로 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 프로그램을 사용하여 표준화된 평균차를 사용한 효과크기를 산출하였으며, 대상 논문들의 통계적 이질성, 민감도, 출판편의 검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 선정된 총 9편의 연구 중 참여자는 총 6,726명 이었고 효과크기는 삶의 질 0.24, 심리사회 기능 0.35, 알코올 소비량0.31이었다. 심리사회기능과알코올소비량의효과크기는통계적으로유의한수준이었고(p<.001),“ 작은 효과크기”가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 통계적 이질성 검사에서 유의한 이질성과 출판편의는 없는 것으로 간주되어 본 연구 결과는 신뢰할 수 있음을 뒷받침해 준다. 결론 : 알코올 중독자에게 실시하는 비약물적 치료 프로그램은 심리사회 기능, 알코올 소비량에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 정신보건 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사들을 위해 알코올 중독자의 효과적인 치료 개입을 위한 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction on quality of life, psychosocial functionality, and a reduction of alcohol consumption through a meta-analysis. Search strategy : Data were collected from online search engines using search words from domestic and foreign article databases, and from a manual search from related journals. Selection criteria : The study employed Level I Randomized Control Trial (RCT) nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction from 1990 to May 2011, and selected articles that utilized standardized assessment instruments to measure the relevant dependent variables. Data collection and analysis : Two researchers carried out the literature selection independently and reached an agreement through a discussion when in disagreement. The effective size with the standardized mean difference, a heterogeneity test, a sensitivity test, and a publication bias test upon the selected articles was determined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 program. Results : There were a total of 6,726 participants in the 9 selected articles. The effective sizes for quality of life, psychosocial functionality, and alcohol consumption were 0.24, 0.35, and 0.31 respectively. The effective size of psychosocial functionality and alcohol consumption was statistically significant (p <.001), which demonstrates a “small effect size”. This result is reliable, as significant statistical heterogeneity and publications bias were not found. Conclusion : Nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction proved to be effective for psychosocial functionality and alcohol consumption. This can be utilized effectively in evidence-based occupational therapy for individuals with alcohol addiction by occupational therapists in the mental health field

Objective To determine whether an active rehabilitation program that involves repetitive effortful muscle contractions, including core stability, balancing exercises, progressive resistance exercises, and running activities, after a sports hernia, is effective. Methods Forty soccer players with sports hernias were randomly divided into two equal groups: group A (active rehabilitation program) and group B (conventional treatment). The methods of assessment included a visual analog scale (VAS) and hip internal and external range of motion assessments. Group A received conventional treatment (heat, massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and mobilization) plus an active rehabilitation program, while group B received only conventional treatment. Three treatment sessions were given each week for 2 months. Evaluations were performed pre- and post-treatment. Results A decrease in VAS was seen in both groups at the end of treatment, 80.25% in group A and 41.93% in group B. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.0001), whereas there were no statistical differences in internal and external rotation between the groups at the end of treatment (p>0.05). After treatment, an improvement in outcome measures of group A compared to group B (p=0.01) was seen. Thirteen patients in group A and only three patients in group B returned to sports activities without groin pain. Conclusion Active rehabilitation was effective for sports hernia management measured by a decrease in pain and the return to sports.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sit-to-stand (STS) imagery group training (IGT) on STS movement and balance performance for chronic hemiparetic stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 30 people with chronic hemiparetic stroke (15 for STS-IGT group and 15 for control) were recruited in this study. The STS-IGT group participated in a videotape-based STS-IGT for 30 minutes a day, five days a week for six weeks, while the control group watched a documentary on television for the same period. The STS-IGT focused on a five-stage protocol. Specifically, external imagery was used during the four phases of the STS movement from the seat of the chair to standing up. All of the participants also participated in a regular rehabilitation program. STS movement and balance performance were assessed using three clinical measures. Results: After training, time to perform the 5-repetition STS test significantly increased in the STS-IGT group (change value, $4.0{\pm}2.0$ sec) compared with the control group (change value, $0.9{\pm}0.7$ sec) (p<0.05). There was a greater improvement in Berg balance scale scores in the STS-IGT group (change value, $0.2{\pm}4.1$ points) compared with the control group (change value, $0.3{\pm}0.9$ points) (p<0.05). There was a greater improvement in Timed Up and Go scores in the STS-IGT group (change value, $2.6{\pm}1.5$ sec) compared with the control group (change value, $0.9{\pm}1.0$ sec) (p<0.05). Conclusions: STS-IGT can be considered as a useful option for restoration of STS movement and balance performance for individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke who are unable to fully participate in physical activities.

Purpose: This randomized control trial was designed to examine the effect on the self-managing ability for promoting bone health of mobile typeebone health intervention (mobile typeeBHI). Methods: The mobile typeeBHI consisted of amobile application called “Strong bone, Fit body” (SbFb) and group education. A total of 82 college women with low bone mass (Z score < -1) participated. They were assigned randomly to three groups, experimental group I, (n = 28), experimental group II (n = 32), and control group (n = 22). This study ran from June 2014 to January 2015. The outcome variables were bone mineral density, minerals related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D), biochemical markers related to bone remodeling (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, sclerostin), food intake diary by 24 hours recall, and psychosocial variables related to bone health (knowledge, health belief and selfefficacy). Data were analyzed using SAS program and a computer aided nutritional analysis program. Results: Both the experimental group I, who used mobile typeeBHI, and experimental group II, who only received group education, showed outcomes regarding knowledge of the benefits of exercise and calcium as compared with the control group. The two experimental groups also demonstrated results in the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and sclerostin compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Although both experimental groups exhibited positive outcomes in regards to the promotion of bone health, this study did not show an additional effect of the mobile application on selfmanagement ability for the promotion of bone health. Nonetheless, the SbFb application is very meaningful as it is the first application developed with the aim of improving women's bone health.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of four weeks of exercise training on knee circumference and range of motion (ROM), pain perception, wellness, and VO_2max in patients at Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: Forty subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into control and experimental groups. patients were subjected to four weeks of flexibility and strengthening exercise, which included squatting exercise, ROM exercise, both groups were given some cardiovascular exercise. VO_2max), Wellness score and circumference. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline values (week 1), there was increase in the knee ROM, and decrease in the pain perception in both groups after four weeks. However, the improvements seen in the experimental group, were significantly better relative to the control group after four weeks of intervention. owever, knee ROM and wellness scores of the experimental group, and the VO_2max of both significantly increase, but significantly decrease in the knee circumference and pain perception of both groups following 4 weeks of exercise was recorded. CONCLUSION: he exercise modality in the study promote cardiovascular endurance, knee joint integrity, reduce pain perception in subjects. xercise intervention s beneficia to both groups since both reduction in the pain felt and also in knee swelling.

Purpose: This study examined the effect on uterine contraction frequency (UCF), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and psychophysical symptoms (physical discomfort, anxiety, and depression) of structured bed exercise (SBE) in hospitalized high-risk pregnant women prescribed bed rest. Methods: Forty-five hospitalized high risk pregnant women at >24 weeks of pregnancy prescribed bed rest were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. From January to May 2014, data were collected using electronic fetal monitoring and patient monitoring of UCF, BP, HR and FHR patterns, and psychophysical symptoms were measured using the antenatal physical discomfort scale, state-trait anxiety scale, and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Results: UCF, BP, HR, and FHR patterns (rate, variability, acceleration, and deceleration) did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group showed a significant increase in baseline FHR after SBE within the normal range, and after SBE, it reduced to the FHR before SBE. The variability, acceleration and deceleration of FHR before and after SBE did not differ significantly between two groups. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference before and after SBE in the experimental group. Also, the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases in physical discomfort score. However, there were no significant differences in depression and anxiety score between two groups. Conclusions: SBE in hospitalized high-risk pregnant women under bed rest did not increase the risk to the fetus, and relieved physical discomfort and anxiety. Therefore, SBE should be considered as a nursing intervention in hospitalized high-risk pregnant women.

Purpose: The manifestation of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) poses a considerable care burden and precipitates adverse health outcomes. Despite the increasing development of digital interventions, their application in the dementia population, specifically regarding their effectiveness in addressing BPSD, remains limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to describe a study protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile app-based individualized non-pharmacological intervention to improve BPSD in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Employing a randomized control group pretest-posttest design, 36 dyads comprising people living with dementia (PLWD) and their family caregivers will be assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group will engage in a 4-week regimen using a mobile app-based individualized non-pharmacological intervention, which includes recording and predicting BPSD. The control group will use the BPSD record system without accessing the individualized interventions. Both groups will continue with their usual care practices throughout the study period. Subsequently, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the mobile app-based individualized non-pharmacological intervention on BPSD will be conducted, which will serve as the primary outcome. Discussion: We hypothesize that the implementation of the mobile app-based individualized non-pharmacological intervention will alleviate BPSD. However, the research team may encounter several challenges owing to the novelty of digitalized interventions. Nevertheless, the results of this study will provide robust evidence regarding the efficacy of mobile app-based individualized non-pharmacological interventions for community-dwelling older PLWD.Trial registration: This trial has been registered with the Clinical Research Information Service in South Korea (CRIS No. KCT0008713; registered August 18, 2023).

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effects of balance training with a newly developed Balance Control Trainer (BCT) that applied the concept of vertical movement for the improvements of mobility and balance in chronic stroke patients.Method Forty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The experimental group (n=20) underwent training with a BCT for 20 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, in addition to concurrent conventional physical therapy. The control group (n=20) underwent only conventional therapy for 4 weeks. All participants were assessed by: the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), 10-meter Walking Test (10mWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Korean Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Manual Muscle Test (MMT) before training, and at 2 and 4 weeks of training.Results There were statistically significant improvements in all parameters except knee extensor power at 2 weeks of treatment, and in all parameters except MBI which showed further statistically significant progress in the experimental group over the next two weeks (p<0.05). Statistically significant improvements on all measurements were observed in the experimental group after 4 weeks total. Comparing the two groups at 2 and 4 weeks of training respectively, 10mWT, TUG, and BBS showed statistically more significant improvements in the experimental group (p<0.05).Conclusion Balance training with a newly developed BCT is feasible and may be an effective tool to improve balance and gait in ambulatory chronic stroke patients. Furthermore, it may provide additional benefits when used in conjunction with conventional therapies.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eyeball tracking exercises with neuromuscular postural control exercise programs on chronic neck pain patients with tension headaches. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: Thirty-two patients with chronic neck pain and tension headaches participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=17) and the control group (n=15) using a random allocation program. Both groups received a neuromuscular postural control exercise program. Additionally, the experimental group received eyeball tracking exercises. Visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and quality of life (Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimension, EQ-5D), headache impact index test-6 (HIT-6), and SCM muscle thickness were compared to evaluate the effect on intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant changes in VAS, NDI, EQ-5D, HIT-6, and SCM muscle thickness before and after the intervention (p<0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the magnitude of change in VAS, EQ-5D, and HIT-6 between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eyeball tracking exercises with neuromuscular control exercises that are in chronic neck pain patients with tension headaches can promote relaxation of the muscles around the eyes and enhance the stability of the neck muscles, as well as improving postural control ability. Therefore, eyeball tracking exercises with neuromuscular control exercises for chronic neck pain patients with tension headaches are effective method with clinical significance in improving the pain, quality of life, and reducing the headache impact index.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of heel raise exercises combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the muscle strength and postural control ability of subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: Twenty-two subjects with FAI participated in this study. They were assigned randomly to two groups: 11 each in the NMES and the sham-NMES groups. Heel raise exercise was applied, and NMES electrodes were attached to the peroneus longus muscles. The NMES group applied NMES during the heel raise exercise. NMES was applied for 20 minutes during the heel raise exercise. The heel raise exercise was performed four times a week for five weeks. The muscle strength and balance error scoring system (BESS) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: A comparison of before and after the intervention within the groups revealed improved muscle strength in the NMES and Sham-NMES groups, but the BESS was improved under all conditions only in the NMES group. The Sham-NMES group showed no improvement in the unstable support surface. Furthermore, when comparing the amount of change before and after the intervention between the groups, there were significant differences in the total score and unstable support in the BESS and muscle strength. Conclusion: NMES had a positive effect on the functional activities of the functional ankle instability subjects, such as balancing on an unstable support surface during postural control and increasing muscle strength.

Fear of falling and balance impairment are prevalent in older adults and cause major morbidities for this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tai Chi Chuan on balance and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults. This study was a single-blind random-ized control trial. Sixty older adults were randomly allocated into two groups using a 4-cell random block design. The participants of interven-tion group were trained in Tai Chi Chuan for eight weeks, twice a week, and 55 min in each session. Balance and fear of falling were assessed by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Tinetti test and Falls Efficacy Scale In-ternational in baseline and after 8 weeks. After eight weeks of interven-tion, the mean scores of the TUG and Tinetti scales in the intervention group were improved significantly compared to the baseline and the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in fear of falling scores (P<0.001), while those in the control group remained unchanged. Tai Chi Chuan effectively im-proves the balance and fear of falling and could be considered as a practical and useful method for fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults.

This pilot randomized clinical trial assessed the feasibility of implement-ing motor control exercise (MCE) and patient education (PE) program for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in a low resource rural Nigerian community. Thirty patients with CLBP were recruited and randomly assigned to MCE, PE, or MCE plus PE groups. The MCE pro-gram was provided twice a week while the PE program was provided once a week all for 6 weeks. Feasibility was assessed through recruit-ment rate, treatment compliance, retention/dropout rate, report of ad-verse events, perceived helpfulness, overall satisfaction, and clinical outcome of pain (numeric pain rating scale) and functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Many patients were willing to participate in the study and the recruitment rate was 77%. Treatment compliance in all the three groups were >65% for supervised treatment sessions and <50% for prescribed home program. Retention rate was high and greater overall satisfaction with the interventions was reported. Com-pared with the baseline, all the three groups improved significantly in pain and disability (P<0.05) after 6 weeks. Pairwise comparison re-vealed that the MCE plus PE group was superior to the PE group for pain and to the MCE for disability (P<0.05), with large effect size. It was concluded that the designed interventions are promising and conduct-ing a full-scale randomized clinical trial in the future is feasible to con-firm the effectiveness of the interventions for the management CLBP in rural Nigeria. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03398174)

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle kinesio taping on postural control function during exercise in university students. Method : Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Y taping group (n=20), I taping group (n=20) and Non-taping group (n=20). All groups underwent the same exercise program including stretching for 30 minutes. The exercise program proceeded in the following order: five minutes of stretching, a 20-minutes exercise program, and additional five 5 minutes of stretching. Of the eight exercise methods suggested by Purcell et al, seven were chosen (lateral shuffle, forward & backward running, agility ladder, figure-of-8, forward jogging while jumping over cones, wall jumps and zigzags); $90^{\circ}$ cuts with lateral shuffle were omitted. The postural control functions was measured participants's perceptions of stability, confidence, and reassurance using methods suggested by Purcell et al,. Result : The confidence was significant difference in I taping group compared to Non taping group. The reassurance was significant difference in Y taping group and I taping group compared to Non taping group. Conclusion : The Kinesio taping increased confidence, and reassurance during exercise in university students. Additional research on Kinesio taping for improving range of motion and agility is need.

이 연구는 Healing beats 프로그램을 건강한 성인에게 적용하여 뇌파, 스트레스 및 심박변이도에 미치는 효과에 대한 실험연구이다. E 대학교의 기관생명윤리심의위원회의 심의를 걸쳐 승인 (EUN23-63) 후 D광역 시, U시에 주민자치센터의 승인을 받았고, 이후 모집공고를 게시판 및 소셜네트워크(SNS)를 통해 선정 기 준에 부합하고 자발적으로 자원한 연구참여자를 선정하여 연구를 진행하였다. 대상자 모집부터 연구 진행 기간은 2024년 4월 8일부터 2024년 4월 18일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 뇌파의 앞파파와 베타파가 모두 유의하게 개선되었다. 스트레스와 심박변이도 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 Healing beats 프로그램은 뇌파를 안정화하여 심리적 안녕 을 만들어 업무 성과 또는 학업 향상에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대가 되며, 뇌파, 자율신경계 안정화 및 스트레 스 감소 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 확인하는데 필요한 기초로 활용될 것이다.

This study is an experimental study on the effects of the Healing beats program on brain waves, stress, and heart rate variability by applying it to healthy adults. After review and approval by the Institutional Bioethics Review Committee of * University (***23-63), approval was received from the Community Autonomy Center of D Metropolitan City and U City. Afterwards, the study was conducted by selecting research participants who met the selection criteria and voluntarily volunteered through recruitment announcements through bulletin boards and social networks (SNS). The study period from subject recruitment to April 8, 2024 to April 18, 2024. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. As a result, both front and beta waves of brain waves were significantly improved. There were significant differences in both stress and heart rate variability. Based on these results, the Healing Beats program is expected to help improve work performance or academics by stabilizing brain waves and creating psychological well-being. This study will be used as a basis for developing brainwave, autonomic nervous system stabilization, and stress reduction programs and confirming their effectiveness.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rope-skipping exercise on body composition and basic physical fitness in healthy subjects: a randomized control trial. Method : Twenty two subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: rope-skipping group (n=11) and control group (n=11). The rope-skipping group participated in rope-skipping exercise for 30 minutes a day, three days a week for four weeks. Body composition was measured using the subjects' weight, body mass index (BMI), and waistline. Basic Physical fitness was measured flexibility and agility. Result : The rope-skipping showed significant differences in waistline and agility. The control group showed no significant differences. There were significant difference in agility between the rope-skipping and the control group. Conclusion : The rope-skipping exercise increased waistline and agility in healthy subjects. Additional research on rope-skipping exercise for improving body composition and basic physical fitness is need.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of education regarding action plans according to a self-monitoring program on self-management adherence, knowledge, symptom control, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with asthma. Methods: Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and thirty-two to the control group in this study. A tailored 50-minute intervention based on the contents of self-monitoring and action plans developed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute was provided to the intervention group. Structured and well developed questionnaires were used to measure the dependent variables. Results: There were no differences in all general and clinical characteristics, and the dependent variables between two groups in the pre-test. In the post-test, there were differences in the level of self-management adherence (t=4.41, p<.001), knowledge (t=2.26, p=.027), symptom control (t=-2.56, p=.013), and total HRQoL (t=2.14, p=.036) between the two groups, although there was a difference only in the sub-domain of emotion (t=2.03, p=.047) in HRQoL. Conclusion: This study found that action plans according to self-monitoring that enhance a participatory interaction in the treatment and care could help patients with moderate to severe asthma to engagead equately in self-care, to control their symptoms, and to improve their HRQoL. Further studies are still needed to identify longitudinal effects of this program.

This study investigated the effects of cervical stabilization and breathing retraining exercises to improve respiratory function in elderly stroke patients.Forty-five subjects were randomly allocated to three groups (each group, n=15). The exercise was performed five times a week for 6 weeks after general characteristics were confirmed. Experimental group1 performed cervical stabilization and respiratory breathing retraining exercises for 30minute in addition to conventional exercises. Experimental group2 performed respiratory breathing retraining exercises in addition to conventional exercises, and the control group performed self-respiration exercises for 30 min. An experienced physiotherapist provided a demonstration before the patients were assessed, and then the subjects were instructed to breathe only with their mouth in a sitting position with their pelvic joints and knee joints naturally flexed. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured to check for restrictive lung disease, and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEC1) was measured to check for obstructive lung disease. In a comparison of groups, there were significant differences in FVC not only between experimental group 1 and the control group but also between experimental group 2 and the control group. The cervical stabilization and respiratory breathing retraining exercises were more effective for FVC than the self-respiration exercises.This result may represent improvement in overall respiratory function and show that cervical stabilization and respiratory breathing retraining exercises are helpful for improving activities of daily living and motor function by increasing respiratory function in stroke patients.

Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between pelvic pressure and irradiation of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) upper arm pattern exercises with an elastic band while in a sitting position. Methods: Fourteen subjects with asymptomatic pelvic pressure participated in this study. Pelvic pressure was measured using a Gaitview® system while sitting and performing PNF bilateral upper arm patterns. Resistance strength was provided by the blue elastic band. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA and the independent t-test. The Bonferroni method was used for the post-hoc test. Results: The results revealed a significant change in the pelvic pressure when performing the PNF arm pattern. The average resistance pressure on the pelvis, with the elastic band, significantly increased after the initial sitting position (F=3.91, 3.92; p<0.05). No significant pelvic pressure changes were noted for each PNF upper arm pattern (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed a positive relationship between pelvic pressure and the irradiation of PNF upper arm pattern exercises with resistance in the sitting position.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foot pressure and upper arm PNF exercise conducted with elastic bands while standing. Methods: Eighteen asymptomatic patients consented to participate in the study. Foot pressure was measured in the standing position using the Gaitview system for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) using a right upper arm pattern. Resistance strength was varied based on the type of elastic band used (red=medium, green=heavy, and blue=extra heavy). Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used for the ad hoc test (SPSS ver. 18. for Windows). Results: A significant difference was observed in fore-foot, rear-foot, and everage pressure after upper arm PNF exercise. However, there was no significant difference according to the type of elastic band. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an upper arm PNF exercise with and without resistance may affect foot pressure in the standing position.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is common in young adults after recurrent ankle sprains and is associated with impaired proprioception, neuromuscular control, and balance. Conventional proprioceptive training is widely used, but visual biofeedback systems such as PhysioSensing, which provide real-time center of pressure feedback, may enhance training effects. This study compared PhysioSensing-based proprioceptive training with conventional ankle stability exercises in young adult males with functional ankle instability. Methods: Forty male university students were randomly assigned to a PhysioSensing-based proprioceptive training (PBP) group or a conventional ankle stability exercise (CAS) group. Both groups trained for 20 minutes, five times per week for four weeks. Outcomes included the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Time-Based Lateral Balance Test (TBLT), assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements over time in CAIT, FAAM, SEBT, and TBLT scores (p<.05). Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for SEBT and TBLT (p<.01), indicating greater improvements in dynamic balance and lateral stability in the PBP group compared to the CAS group. Additionally, FAAM-Sport scores showed a significant interaction effect (p=.01), with the PBP group demonstrating superior improvements in sports-related ankle function. Conclusion: Both training programs improved ankle function and balance; however, PhysioSensing-based training produced superior gains in dynamic balance and lateral stability, suggesting that real-time visual biofeedback enhances neuromuscular control in CAI rehabilitation.