Earticle

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting pulmonary functions of physical characteristics in adults 20 to 23 years aged. Methods: Twenty-four subjects(22.25±1.48) participated in the experiment. The pulmonary functions; FVC(forced vital capacity), FEV1(forced expiratory volume in one second), FEV1/FVC was measured using a portable spirometer, the abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound during inspiration and expiration, muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Results: Changes in abdominal muscle thickness during respiration, and muscle strength in the upper extremity and neck were positively correlated with pulmonary functions(p<.05). Conclusion: Abdominal, upper extremity and neck exercises can be recommended as an intervention for improving pulmonary functions.

This study analyzed the effects of smoking on expiratory muscle thickness and pulmonary function in 34 (17 smokers, 17 nonsmokers) healthy female volunteers. The thickness of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles was measured at rest and with forced expiration, using a 7.5-MHz linear ultrasonic imaging probe. The measured thickness was converted into the percentage of change in muscle thickness. All subjects performed maximum expiratory flow maneuvers using a spirometer to determine the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of forced vital capacity. There were significant differences in pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow) between the smokers and nonsmokers,as well as significant differences in expiratory muscle thickness (transverse abdominal). This study showed that female smokers have impaired pulmonary function and expiratory muscle contraction.

Age-related skeletal muscle changes may impact respiratory muscle function, and low muscle mass is associated with low pulmonary func-tion in older adults. Stroke not only causes weakness in the muscles of the upper and lower limbs, but it can also affect the respiratory system. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between grip strength and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stroke pa-tients over 50 years of age. Fifty-one patients (68.69±10.40 years) who had been clinically diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were included in this study. We measured these patients’ forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and hand grip strength. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Grip strength showed significant correlations with FVC (r=0.686, P=0.000), FEV1 (r=0.607, P=0.000), PEF (r=0.494, P=0.000), MIP (r=0.239, P=0.091), and MEP (r=0.348, P=0.012). This study demonstrated that grip strength is associated with pulmonary function and MEP in stroke patients over 50 years of age.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between forward head posture and pulmonary function in young women. Methods: Thirty-three young women participated in this study. The participants were grouped into non-forward head posture, mild forward head posture, and moderate-severe forward head posture groups. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) and pulmonary function were measured using ImageJ and a spirometer, respectively. Results: Statistically significant differences in the participants’ forced expiratory volume for one second (FEV1) and predicted forced expiratory volume for one second (predicted FEV1) were found among the three groups. No statistically significant differences in the participants’ forced vital capacity (FVC), predicted forced vital capacity (predicted FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were found among the three groups. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between CVA and FVC and among the predicted FVC, FEV1, and predicted FEV1. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that severe forward head posture has a negative effect on pulmonary function in young women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the one-time aerobic exercise on pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, and smoking in male college students in their 20’s. Methods: The experiment was performed on 11 healthy men who had no musculoskeletal or neurological diseases and who smoked. The subjects performed an aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, using a step box. Before and after the exercise, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for one second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation were measured. Results: Between the two measurements, there were no significant differences in oxygen saturation (p>.05). However, the differences in FVC and FEV1 were statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that a one-time aerobic exercise improves pulmonary function.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of body composition and quadriceps muscle activation on pulmonary function in young adults. Methods: One hundred young adults participated in this study, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. Body composition and the activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were assessed. Pulmonary function was evaluated using forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed, with the significance level set at 0.05. Results: Among male participants, VL muscle activity was positively correlated with FEV1 (p<.05). However, VL muscle activity was not a significant predictor in regression analysis (p>.05). Muscle mass was a significant predictor of FVC (β=.64, p<.001), whereas mineral mass was a significant predictor of FEV1 (β=.63, p<.001). For female participants, body water mass was a significant predictor of FVC (β=.70, p<.001), whereas skeletal muscle mass was a significant predictor of FEV1 (β=.39, p<.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the key determinants of pulmonary function exhibit sex-specific differences, emphasizing the importance of considering body composition variations between male and female individuals. Furthermore, these findings may provide insights for the development of individualized exercise programs that consider individual differences in body composition and pulmonary function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elastic-band resistance exercises combined with breathing techniques on pulmo-nary function in female seniors. Forty-five female seniors 65 years or older were recruited from a welfare center and assigned to an experi-mental (n=23) or control (n=22) group. The experimental group used an elastic band with a resistance exercises while concurrently using spe-cific breathing techniques. The control group conducted the same re-sistance tasks without the respiration exercises. Respiratory function data were collected before and after the 6-week intervention. The ex-perimental group showed a significant increase in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume 1 sec (FEV1), and in FEV1 as a percent-age of FVC. In addition, there were significant differences in the FVC and FEV1 levels between groups. The results show that resistance ac-companied by breathing techniques positively affects senior respiratory function when an elastic band is used for exercise.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal mus-cle strengthening training (AMST) using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on pulmonary function, pain, and functional disability index in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Thirty CLBP patients were randomly assigned to the traditional physical therapy (control) group (n=15) and PNF-AMST group (n=15). Forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) was measured to measure changes in pulmonary function. To measure the degree of pain, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess the disability level due to low back pain. A paired t-test was performed to compare differences within the groups before and after intervention. An independent t-test was performed to compare differences between the test and control groups. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. Within-group changes in FEV1 were significantly different in the experi-mental group (P<0.01), and those in VAS and ODI were significantly dif-ferent in both groups (both P<0.01). The improvements in FEV1, VAS, and ODI were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.01). This study showed that AMST using PNF was effective in enhancing pulmonary function and decreasing pain and functional disability index inpatients with CLBP. We expect it to be use-ful as one of the programs for CLBP patients in the future.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect on the pulmonary function of stroke patient by mediating respiratory resistance training combines transcranial direct current stimulation. Methods: 30 stroke patients were selected as the subjects of study, and divided them randomly into a respiratory resistance training group combining with transcranial direct current stimulation (Experiment group) and general respiratory resistance training group (Control group). All subjects of this study were provided general neurologic physical therapy for 30 minutes, and then additionally provided each respiratory resistance training with transcranial direct current stimulation and general respiratory resistance training according to group, 5 times a week for 30 minutes for totally 8 weeks. Pulmonary function was analyzed before the intervention. The strength index, peak inspiratory flow and 6-minute walking test were measured in order to analyze the breathing function. The analysis between the groups was performed by re-measuring above items equally after 8 weeks of intervention. Results: Respiratory resistance training group with transcranial direct current stimulation (Experiment group) has statistically meaningful difference in pulmonary function compared to the general respiratory resistance training group (Control group) based on the comparative analysis of strength index, peak inspiratory flow and 6-minute walking test between two groups. Conclusion: As a result of above, it was found that respiratory resistance training with transcranial direct current stimulation was more effective for pulmonary function. This training shall be proposed as an effective program not only for the stroke patients but also for normal people or pro-athletes based on this study. Future studies on muscle changes related to pulmonary function are necessary in the future based on this study.

The purpose of this study was to compare pulmonary function and chest mobility between opera singers and healthy subjects. Breathing, as the initial unconscious step in maintaining life, is of paramount importance since it directly impacts body movement. Methods such as measuring lung capacity and assessing thoracic cage mobility are used to evaluate the quality of breathing. For this study, a total of 24 participants were enlisted, comprising 12 opera singers and 12 individuals in good health. Pulmonary function was assessed through spirometry, while chest mobility was gauged using a tape measure. The results revealed no significant differences in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, and maximum expiratory pressure between opera singers and healthy subjects. However, a notable distinction was observed in maximum inspiratory pressure and chest mobility between these two groups. These findings suggest that opera singing training and performance may positively influence chest mobility and the strength of inspiratory muscles, although the impact on pulmonary function appears to be limited.

본 연구에서는 무호흡으로 저수온의 해수에서 채집활동을 하는 제주 해녀의 폐기능 및 폐확산능을 측정하였으며, 동일 연령대의 일반여성과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, FVC 및 FVC%는 해녀집단이 일반여성들보다 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, FEV1/FVC는 일반여성과 해녀집단간 차이가 유의한 차이는 없었다. 셋째, FEF 25∼75%는 두 집단 모두 정상수준이었으며, 해녀집단이 일반여성보다 유의하게 높았다. 넷째, DLCO는 해녀집단과 일반여성과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 제주해녀가 고령임에도 불구하고 장기간 무호흡 침수활동을 수행하면서 폐기관의 적응 및 발달이 된 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 제주해녀의 경우 계속적인 직업적 신체활동을 유지했음에도 불구하고 DLCO가 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 일반여성보다 낮게 나타난 점은 폐포와 간질의 손상이 발생했을 가능성이 높기 때문에 차 후 고령의 제주해녀에 대한 계속적인 신체기능검사가 요구된다.

In this study, we measured lung function and lung diffusing capacity of Jeju women divers who were gathering activities in the sea waters of the low temperature. The results Compared with ordinary women of the same age group were as follows: First, FVC and FVC% of Jeju women divers were significantly higher than the general population. Second, FEV1/FVC had no significant difference the difference between the general population and Jeju women divers. Third, FEF25~75% in both groups was in the normal level, especially Jeju women divers groups showed significantly higher FEF results than normal women. Fourth, DLCO is no significant difference between the Jeju divers and the general female group. Despite the advanced age of Jeju women divers These results indicated that adaptation and development of state institutions while performing long-term lung apnea immersion activities. Despite the advanced age of Jeju women divers These results indicated that adaptation and development of state institutions while performing long-term lung apnea immersion activities.

본 연구는 경도의 지적장애를 가진 20대 남성 비만인이 자세변화에 따른 융합적인 호흡기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 비만을 가진 20대 경도의 지적장애인 남성 10명(비만군)과 비만이 없는 20대 경도의 지적장애인 남성 10명(대조군)이 실험에 참여하였다. 모든 대상자들은 자세변화(바로 누운 자세, 45도 기대어 앉은 자세, 90도 앉은 자세)에 따라 Fit mate를 이용하여 폐기능을 평가해 보았다. 자료분석은 SPSS win 18.0을 이용하여 모든 대상자의 자세변화에 따란 호흡변화를 분석하기 위해 일요인 반복측정 분산분석으로 검증하였다. 각 군간의 차이를 분석하기 위 해 독립비교를 실시하였다. 비만군에서 자세변화에 따른 호흡기능이 대조군보다 실험 후 호흡기능이 더 낮게 나타났다. 세가지 자세변화에도 바로 누운자세에 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 비만군은 대조군보다 호흡기능이 낮게 나타 났으며, 이런 결과는 비만을 가진 지적장애인의 운동프로그램을 통한 객관적인 호흡측정 자료로 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes of position might effect the convergence pulmonary function of the 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity. Ten subjects of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity(fat group) and ten contrary subjects without obesity(control group) were participated in the experiment. Subjects were assessed for their pulmonary function by using Fit mate according to the position changes(supine position, 45 lean sitting position, 90 sitting position). One-way repeated ANOVA analyzed each region data of pulmonary function of both the fat group and the control group according to their position changes. The result of the experiment showed that the 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity have lower pulmonary function than the contrary subjects in the each given posture. In comparison with three experimental positions, supine position was the lowest in the pulmonary function. This study showed the 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity have lower function of pulmonary volume than the control group, and thus, it suggests that the pulmonary functional data of 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity in this experiment can be used as a basic respiratory one for the various exercise programs in the area of the physical activities.

본 연구의 목적은 20대 여대생을 대상으로 45도 기대어 앉은 자세와 바로 누운 자세에서 PNF를 융합한 호흡운 동을 실시하였을 때 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 20대 정상인 20명을 대상으로 실험군 10명, 대조군 10 명으로 무작위 배치하였다. 실험은 4주간 실시하였으며, 주당 5회 30분씩 실시하였다. 실험군은 45도 기대어 앉은 자세 에서 PNF 호흡운동 30분을 실시하였고 대조군은 바로 누운 자세에서 PNF 호흡운동 30분을 실시하였다. 실험대상자들 은 실험전과 실험후에 폐활량분석기를 통해 폐기능을 평가하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 실험군이 대조군보다 호기예비용적과 폐활량, 최대환기량에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 45도 기대어 앉은 자세에서 PNF호흡패 턴운동을 실시한 실험군이 바로 누워 PNF호흡운동을 실시한 대조군보다 폐기능의 증진을 볼 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether PNF respiratory convergence exercise increases the pulmonary function of normal adults by 45° leaning sitting position. Twenty normal adults in their 20s were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=10). Over the course of four weeks, the experimental group participated in PNF respiration exercises by 45° leaning position for 30 minutes three per week. And the control group participated in PNF respiration exercises by supine position for 30 minutes three times per week. Subjects were assessed pre-test and post-test by measurement of pulmonary function. Our findings show that the experimental group had significant improvements in expiratoy reserve volume and vital capacity, maximal voluntary volume. In this study, the experimental group showed greater improvement in pulmonary function than the control group, which indicates that the PNF respiratory exercise by 45° leaning sitting position is effective at increasing the pulmonary function of normal adults.

본 연구는 경도 지적장애를 가진 20대 남성 비만인들을 대상으로 트레드밀 훈련을 통해 복합적인 호흡기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 비만을 가진 20대 경도의 지적장애인 20명을 대상으로 무작위로 나누어 실험군 10명 과 대조군 10명을 각각 실험에 참여하였다. 실험군은 트레드밀 훈련을 30분을 실시하였고, 대조군은 고정자전거 훈련 을 실시하였다. 실험대상자들은 실험전과 실험후에 Fit mate로 폐기능을 측정하여 비교하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS win 18.0으로 실험전과 후에 각 그룹간의 차이를 분석하기 위해 대응비교를 실시하였다. 실험 후 실험군에서 대조군보다 호흡기능이 더 낮게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 실험군은 대조군보다 호흡기능이 더 향상되었으며, 이런 결과는 비만을 가진 지적장애인의 다양한 운동프로그램으로 구성할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the convergence pulmonary function of the 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity to tredmill exercise. Ten subjects of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity(experimentals) and ten contrary subjects(controls) were participated in the experiment. experimental group conducted treadmill gait training and control group conducted automed exercise. Subjects were assessed for their respiratory function by using Fit mate. The result of the experiments showed high pulmonary function than the controls. Thus, it suggests that the respiratory functional data of 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity can be used as a various respiratory one for the exercise programs in the area.

본 연구에서는 흡연자와 비흡연자를 대상으로 단기 금연 동안 실시하는 몸통 안정화 운동이 단기 금연자의 허파기능, 최대 산소 섭취량, 심장박동수, 회복 시간에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 충남 소재 N대학교의 20대 남성 26명으로 흡연자 13명과 비흡연자 13명을 선정하였다. 대상자의 신체적 특성 파악 후 사전 측정 시 허파기능(FVC, SVC, MVV)과 최대 산소 섭취량를 측정하였으며 3일 간 심장박동수와 회복 시간을 측정하였다. 측정 후 3일 금연과 함께 몸통 안정화 운동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 사후 측정으로 허파기능과 최대 산소 섭취량을 측정하였고, 당일 운동 후 즉시 1일차, 2일차 3일차의 심장박동수, 회복 시간을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 자료는 SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Ver. 23.0 for windows를 이용하여 분석되었다. 몸통 안정화 운동이 흡연자와 비흡연자의 심장허파기능에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 흡연자 집단과 비흡연자 집단 모두 운동 전후 허파기능(FVC, SVC, MVV), 최대산소섭취량, 회복 시간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이는 몸통 안정화 운동이 짧은 기간이라도 비흡연자뿐만 아니라 단기 금연자의 심장허파기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 생각되며, 금연 활동을 더한 몸통 안정화 운동이 심장허파기능 감소 예방 및 향상을 위한 더욱 안전하고 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study analyzed the post-exercise cardiopulmonary function, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate and recovery time through smoker 's short - term smoking cessation and trunk stabilization exercise for 72 hours. We analyzed the effect of trunk stabilization exercise on the cardiopulmonary function of smokers and non-smokers. As a result, it was found that both smokers and non-smokers groups showed significant changes in pulmonary function (FVC, SVV, MVV), maximal oxygen uptake, recovery time Difference. This suggests that the trunk stabilization exercise may have a positive effect on the cardiopulmonary function of short-term non-smokers as well as non-smokers for a short period of time, and a more stable and effective method for preventing and improving the reduction of cardiorespiratory function

The purpose of this study were to identify effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) on pulmonary function and to confirm effects by grades of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) in people with cervical spinal cord injury and more than 3 months after onset. 162 patients with cervical spinal cord injury participated and received the IPPB during 15 minutes a day for 2 months. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were measured by using spirometerbefore and after the IPPB. The results were that %predicted FVC was significantly different between pretest and posttest (p<.05). However, %predicted FVC was not significantly different pretest and posttest IPPB (p>.05). FEV1 was significantly improved in patients with ASIA D grade than other ASIA grades (p<.05). This findings suggest that the IPPB may improve pulmonary function in chronic patient with cervical spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise with recumbent cycle on pulmonary function and strength of respiratory muscle in university students. Fifteen subjects (an average age of 24.2±1.7 years) were asked to perform aerobic exercise with recumbent cycle. The aerobic exercise was performed for 40 minutes 3 times a week for 4 weeks. This study measured Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). In addition, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured as a pulmonary strength before and after each 8-weeks exercise. Pony FX was used for measuring the pulmonary functions. The participants showed a significant increase in MVV, MIP and MEP (p<.05), but no significant different in FVC was shown. Based on the research results, the recumbent cycle exercise can be recommended to improve pulmonary function and strength of respiratory muscle of University students.

본 연구의 목적은 복부압박벨트가 뇌졸중 환자의 폐 기능, 균형 및 보행능력에 미치는 영향을 즉각적으로 알아보고자 함이다. 20명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 복부압박벨트 착용 전에 폐기능, 압력중심, 버그균형검사, 일어 서서 걷기 검사, 10m 보행, 기능적 보행검사를 실시하였다. 복부압박벨트를 착용한 직후에 사후 평가를 실시하였 다. 연구 결과 복부압박벨트를 착용하였을 때 노력성 폐활량과 1초간 노력성 날숨 유량을 제외한 모든 결과값이 유의한 변화를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 뇌졸중 환자가 복부압박벨트를 착용하였을 때 균형과 보행 능력의 증가에 즉각적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 폐 기능을 개선시키기 위해 압박 수준과 자세 변경 과 같은 노력이 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether abdominal pressure belt has an immediate effect on pulmonary function, balance and gait ability for stroke patients. Twenty subjects measured pulmonary function and the COP, BBS, TUG, 10m walk test, and FGA prior to belt wearing. Immediately all subjects were post-tested after wearing abdominal pressure belt of elastic components. Except for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced experimental volume in the 1 second (FEV1), there were significant differences after belt wearing. This study suggests that the application of abdominal pressure belt enhanced balance and gait ability. However, improving pulmonary function requires several efforts, such as changing the pressure level, posture.

Background : This study evaluated the effects of core stability and thorac ic static relaxation exercises on pulmonary function, trunk strength, and mobility in young adults. Methods : The subjects were divided into a Core Exercise Group(CEG, n= 14) and a Chest Expansion Exercise Group(CEEG, n=14). The intervention was conducted for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function, back muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength, and thoracic expansion volume were measured before and aft er the experiment. Results : After the intervention, Both groups showed overall improvements across all measured variables. However, the CEG showed significant gains sp ecifically in abdominal muscle strength (p<.05). In contrast, the CEEG demonstrated statistically significant increases in both back and abdominal muscle strength (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study can be effectively utilized as found ational data for respiratory health management in young adults and for preve nting physical functional decline caused by improper posture.