Earticle

현대 소비자들의 욕구는 다양화, 개성화되고 있으 며, 제품 구매에서도 가격, 실용적 측면은 기본이며 자신의 심리적 욕구와 감성적 욕구를 만족하게 할 디 자인을 선호하고 있다. 시장의 변화로 스테이셔너리 분야에서 노트류 스테이셔너리는 예전의 기능성 중심 에서 감성적 디자인 중심으로 소비자의 소비패턴이 변화하고 있다. 따라서 소비자의 감성적 욕구를 파악 하고 이를 반영하는 다양한 노트 디자인 개발이 지속 해서 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 스테이셔너리의 비중을 많이 차지 하는 노트류로 한정 지어 시대별 노트류 스테이셔너 리에 나타난 감성디자인을 살펴본다. 선행 연구 및 문헌 조사를 통해 감성과 감성디자인에 대한 이론적 고찰을 하고, 노트류 스테이셔너리의 시대별 시각적 표현에 따라 느껴지는 감성 이미지 언어는 설문 조사 를 통하여 도출하였다. 설문 조사의 타겟은 20~30대 여성 디자인 관련 종사자 70명에 한하여 시대별 노트 류에 나타나는 감성 이미지 언어를 파악하였다. 분석 결과를 통해서 시대별 나타나는 감성디자인의 변화를 읽을 수 있으며 본 연구를 통하여 노트류 스테이셔너 리 시장에서 다양한 소비자의 감각을 자극할 수 있는 감성디자인을 고려하여 노트류 스테이셔너리 시장의 다양한 디자인 변화를 이끌어 내고자 한다.

The demand of consumers in these days has become in diversity and personalized. In addition, in the aspect of product sales, it is seen that the consumer prefers to meet the demand between not only psychological but also emotional sense. With a change of trend in the market of stationery on notebook, it can be seen that the pattern of consumer’s demand has been transferred from a practical design to an emotional one in recent. Thus, it is a moment in time to develop broad ranges of design on notebook as it reflects the emotional demand. This report investigates an emotional design of notebooks that are dominant on stationery through the historical case studies. A theoretical study is carried out from extensive literature reviews. A survey has been carried out to figure out main emotional adjectives based on visual expression of notebooks by periods. The research targeted to 70 female consumers of twenties to thirties who were related to a relevant working field on a visual design and it has seen a language of emotional image from the notebooks of stationary by the age. Through the result, it can be seen that there are significant changes in trend of an emotional design. The aim of this study is to compose various type of notebook design on stationery market with the considerations to stimulate an emotional sense broad range of consumers.

정보통신(IT) 분야는 변화가 빠르게 진행되었다. 많은 혁신제품이 출시되고, 일부는 안정적으로 시장을 형성하여 확산되지만, 일부는 사라져 버린다. 본 연구에서는 스마트기기 간 시간의 경과에 따른 경쟁요인을 도출하였다. 혁신확산이론(IDT)의 혁신채택단계를 산업수명주기이론(ILC)의 산업수명주기에 적용하여 도입기, 성장기, 성숙기의 3단계로 구분하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 시장특성 모형을 정의하였다. 노트북 컴퓨터와 태블릿 사례의 경쟁관계를 분석하여 제안된 이론적 모형의 적합도를 확인하였다. 시간의 흐름에 따라 5가지의 경쟁요인은 다르게 작용하며 도입기에는 기능성과 유희성이 중요한 경쟁요인이 되고, 성장기에는 기능성과 유희성 외에도 적합성이 추가적으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 마지막의 성숙기에는 적합성과 복잡성, 그리고 비용수준이 중요한 경쟁요인이었다.

Going through rapid changes, the field of information technology (IT) has launched many innovative products. Some of those products have spread, forming a stable market, whereas others have disappeared. The purpose of the study is to purpose a theoretical model to show changes in the importance of competition factors over the three stages. Our study applied the innovation adoption stage model of the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) to the industry life cycle of the Industry Life Cycle (ILC) Theory resulting in three stage of introduction, growth, and maturity, and defined a model of market characteristics according to time. By using the model, we analyzed the case of notebook computers and tablet and checked the fitness of the model. Results show that five competition factors worked differently according to time. In the introduction stage, relative functionality and relative playfulness are important competition factors. In the growth stage, compatibility is added to those two factors. In the last maturity stage, compatibility, complexity, and cost level are important competition factors.

本稿ではゲーテのファウストの台詞を入り口として「保吉の手帳から」のうち〈午休み-或空想-〉に再解釈を加えた結果、一見超現実の世界を描いているかのように見えた本テキストが実は芥川龍之介が属していた当時の文壇状況と彼の文学観をありのままに具現していることが分かった。その過程で芥川龍之介が当時の文壇の閉鎖性を批判的に捉えていたことが分かったが、このような文壇批評は彼の文学観に因るところ大きい。一貫的に「文芸の形式と内容は不可分の関係にある」といった文学観を持っていた芥川龍之介にとって、文学の「本質-内容-」は問わず、その「形式-文芸思潮-」のみで派閥を形成し、お互いに批判していた当時の文壇は当然批判の対象になったのであろう。ストーリーの次元では超現実の世界を見せる〈午休み〉はディスクールの次元では「文学とは何か？」と云うような文学の本質を語っている。テキストは本質は同じけれども外形は異なる「悪魔と同僚」と「錬金術と応用化学」、そして「蝶と飛行機」を羅列することで「文芸の形式と内容の関係」を語っているのである。又二匹の毛蟲に自分-蝶-の世界の物差しで人間世界の飛行機を準えるようにし、１９２０年代の文壇批評は勿論、「文芸の形式と内容は不可分の関係にある」という文学観を表している。これは本テキストが芥川龍之介の実際の経験-１９１６年から１９１９年までの海軍機関学校の頃のこと-ではなく、彼の作者としての最大の関心事である文学がフィクションに化したことを意味する。このようにゲーテのファウストの台詞を通して現実とフィクションが繋がっているところに於いて、そしてそれが文学のディスクールの場として働いているところに於いて〈午休み〉はメタフィクションの兆候を表したテキストであると云えよう。

기술이 발달로 노트북 컴퓨터의 가격이 낮아지고, 무게가 가벼워지면서 사용자가 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 이에 노트북 컴퓨터를 보관하고 이동을 도와주는 노트북 가방도 다양해지고 있는 추세이다. 초기 노트북가방은 노트북 컴퓨터를 보호하는 기능에만 집중되었고, 외부형태인 디자인 측면은 중요시되지 않았었다. 하지만, 소비자는 노트북 컴퓨터가 더 작고 가벼워지면서 노트북가방의 디자인에도 관심을 갖게 되었다. 즉, 가방의 기본요소인 보관성을 포함한 다양한 변화가 가능한 기능성과 미적 요소를 갖춘 형태를 추구하게 된 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노트북가방 디자인을 제안 하였다. 노트북가방 사용자 326명에게 온라인 설문을 통해 특성별 선호도 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 타겟 시장은 20대후반의 전문직과 20대～30대의 사무기술직으로 정하였고, 특성별 선호도 조사결과는 캐주얼형 서류가방 형태가 높게 나타났다. 또한, 형태별 선호도 조사는 노트북컴퓨터 사용자 와 관련 디자이너를 포함한 총 15명을 선정하여 인터뷰 형식으로 분석하여 보관성, 패션성, 기능성이 강한 가방과 별다른 특징이 없는 가방으로 구분 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 전문직을 대상으로 한, 차별화 된 기능인 펼치면 간이책상으로도 사용이 가능한 심플하고 아름다운 형태의 파우치형 노트북가방을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 변화하는 소비자 라이프스타일과 사용자 요구에 맞는 패션 액세서리로서의 노트북가방디자인에 가변 형태의 연구가 지속되어지길 바란다.

Notebook compute are smaller and lighter, the user has increased drastically. Notebook bag is also becoming various. Early Notebook bag was focused on protects the notebook computer, the external shape design aspects were not important. However, the users interested in the design of notebook bag from notebook computer is smaller and lighter. In other words, they pursue a variety of changes, including the basic elements of the bag to keep pursuing the possible form with functionality and aesthetic element. In this study, we propose a laptop bag design. 326 notebook computer users carried out to the characteristics of each preference in a online interview. As a result, the target market was defined in the peoples who have professional in late 20s and technical affairs in from 20s to 30s , the characteristics of preferences survey showed high level in casual briefcase-type. The form of preferences is divided into keeping, fashionable, functional and bland by analyzing interviews with a total of 15 people, including al laptop computer users and related designers. Based on these results, we proposed a pouch type computer bag design with differentiated features targeting on professional comsumer. Through the result of this study, research is sustainable in the laptop bag as a fashion accessory designed to meet your needs.

In management contexts, mathematical programming is usually used to evaluate a collection of possible alternative courses of action on route to selecting one which is best. Using an application of linear programming known as Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), a method is described to compare products which vary in excellence along a number of dimensions, and for each of which there might be a number of associated "costs". This paper is illustrated by comparing published benchmarks of notebook computers. Potential uses of a DEA analysis of products might be to assist corporate buyers who may need to reconcile a diversity of present and future uses in one standardised purchase; in competitor analysis; and as a normative model of product excellence against which product purchasing behavior could be compared. compared.

This paper deals with two issues: how to encourage students to read more and how to successfully teach students of mixed language proficiency in one class. Recently there has been less and less reading content in the Korean college curriculum. However, reading has an important role to play in enhancing overall language proficiency and it should not be ignored in language classes. Mixed level classes are quite common in Korean language schools. They are one of the causes for the decline in reading classes at the college level. This paper considers possible solution to these two issues: using a suitable text. Brown (2007) argues that teachers should use textbooks that are intrinsically motivating. In order to investigate this, two classes, each consisting of 80 students (A and B) were assigned the novel The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks as a study text while also being required to watch the movie based on the book. The research was conducted over a period of 3 months. The findings showed that novels that have movie adaptations can be considered suitable study texts for language students. The movie provides the schema for students to approach the book, helping them to understand the contents of the book. The results also showed that putting students of different language-levels together in a movie-based language class made language learning possible at different levels in the same class.

This paper tackles with a question of what Lessing is doing with the complex and unconventional form of The Golden Notebook by drawing upon Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s concept of rhizome. Lessing’s concern with form as a literary, personal, political, ideological, and historical problem in the novel reflects her striving for a new form or order after the disillusionment with the old orders of phallogocentrism throughout the two world wars and beyond. The pursuit of a new form necessarily involves a collapse of the established order that Lessing defines as “a weeding-out system” which operates by the principle of “false dichotomies and division.” Lessing’s endeavor to move beyond the dominant mold and to construct a new order free from the oppressive binary thinking of phallogocentrism in the The Golden Notebook is resonant with and is a literary articulation of Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of rhizome that they elaborate as a new image of thought alternative to a hierarchical tree-system of thought. The Golden Notebook is a rhizome which is an assemblage of heterogeneous elements without a centralizing unity, and this new form is related to a new concept of the subject as a complex assemblage of different selves. Specifically, I examine what motivates the pursuit of a new form, how the heterogeneous elements of the novel are connected to comprise a nonhierarchical and nonlinear assemblage which is not subordinated to homogeneous unity, and then how its form reflects a new concept of subjectivity as a multiplicity which is composed of differences in terms of the principles of rhizome.

This paper discusses two algorithms for recommending notebook computer (NBC) and workstation adjustments so that the user can assume an ergonomic seated posture during NBC operation. Required input data are the user's anthropometric data and physical dimensions of the NBC and the workstation. The first algorithm is based on an assumption that there are no workstation constraints while the second algorithm considers the actual seat height and work surface height. The results from the algorithms include recommendations for adjusting the NBC (tilt angle of the NBC base unit, angle between the base and screen units, and base support height) and the workstation (heights of seat support and footrest, and distance between the body and the NBC).

본 연구에서는 글자와 숫자를 기반으로 한 프로그래밍 자동 평가 시스템에서 그래프를 평가할 수 있는 그래프 평가 모듈을 설계 및 구현하였다. 그래프 평가 모듈의 평가 방법은 학습자가 제출한 코드와 모범 코드로 작성한 그래프, 평가 준거를 제시하는 자기 평가와 각각의 그래프 이미지를 배열로 변환하여 정답을 판정하고 오답일 경우 피드백을 제공하는 자동 평가이다. 그래프를 작성하는데 사용되는 데이터는 직접 입력하거나 외부 데이터를 불러올 수 있으며 평가할 수 있는 그래프 작성 방법은 matplotlib의 MATLAB 스타일이며 수학과 교육과정에서 제시된 그래프를 평가할 수 있다. 전문가 검토를 통해 평가 모듈의 내용 요소와 학습 가능성, 학습자의 요구에서 타당도를 갖춘 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 그래프 평가 모듈은 프로그래밍 자동 평가시스템 평가 영역을 확장하였고 학생들이 데이터 시각화를 익히는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

In this paper, we designed and implemented a graph assessment module that can evaluate graphs in an programming assessment system based on text and numbers. The assessment method of the graph assessment module is self-evaluation that outputs two graphs generated by codes submitted by learners and by answers, automatic-evaluation that converts each graph image into an array, and gives feedback if it is wrong. The data used to generate the graph can be inputted directly or used from external data, and the method of generatng graph that can be evaluated is MATLAB style in matplotlib, and the graph shape that can be evaluated is presented in mathematics and curriculum. Through expert review, it was confirmed that the content elements of the assessment module, the possibility of learning, and the validity of the learner's needs were met. The graph assessment module developed in this study has expanded the evaluation area of the programming automatic asssessment system and is expected to help students learn data visualization.

As many organizations are searching for ways to compete more effectively in today's market environment. Image of Product is become the most important fact to improve their competition. The objectives of this paper are to provide an overview of PDM(Purchasing Decision Factor) and to discuss how to measure it more efficiently. This study develops a conceptual 'relation model of the purchasing decision factor', which identifies only performance based measurement, and proposes Fuzzy Measuring Method which uses the Fuzzy rule based algorithm to adept survey to date sets.

연구과정과 성과를 기록으로 보존하는 것은 연구자의 중요한 의무이자 덕목이다. 이는 연구의 객관성과 진실성을 뒷받침해주며, 후학들의 연구에 중요한 초석이 되기도 한다. 나아가 연구의 중복을 피할 수 있게 됨으로써 자원과 시간을 절약할 수도 있다. 최근에는 특허 출원과 관련하여 연구노트의 가치는 증가되고 있다. 하지만, 방대한 자료를 가지는 연구결과를 기록하기에는 서면연구노트는 한계가 있다. 이에 대한 대안은 서면연구노트를 전자문서화 하거나 전자연구노트를 각 분야의 특성에 맞게 개발하는 것이다. 우리 학회지는 지속적으로 국제화를 추구해 왔다. 학회지의 평가 항목 중에서 연구노트의 활용은 중요한 요소이다. 이에 본 저자들은 사용의 편의성과 개발 및 유지비용 등을 고려한 proto-type의 전자연구노트 시스템을 개발해보고자 하였다.

Recording of the research procedure and results is the compulsory virtue to scientists. This ensures the objectivity and integrity of research and has become a cornerstone for a junior scholar. Furthermore, we can save time and efforts by avoiding duplication study. Recently on its patent application, the value of laboratory notebook is going to increase. However, there is a limitation to record a voluminous work in a traditional writing laboratory notebook. So, it could be an alternative proposal to convert that into an electronic work or develop an electronic laboratory notebook. Our journal has continuously pursued globalization. Laboratory notebook could be one of the key factors for that goal. In the present study, the authors reviewed the needs for laboratory notebook and tried developing a proto-type electronic laboratory notebook.

Drawing on recent empathy studies, this essay aims to rethink the vexed relation between empathy and literature, so as to find a more solid basis of ethical potential for literature than the humanist defence of literary imagination as a key enhancer of empathy. Amy Coplan and Peter Goldie’s stricter definition of empathy is noteworthy in this regard, as they distinguish a set of similar emotional states such as emotional contagion, identification, perspective-taking, and sympathy from empathy proper. Referencing their view, I examine Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook and highlight the double workings of empathic connection and dissociation. The novel explores negative effects of feminine hyper-empathy along with ideological implications of narrative empathy. Further, its meta-fictional aspects demonstrate the literariness of empathy; as an emotive-cognitive process, it takes place when the subject aptly characterizes the object and takes his or her perspective, while keeping intact the self-other boundary, thereby performing an act of genuine understanding. I relate this dimension to Judith Jordan’s notion of retrospective self-empathy. Anna’s fictional doubles function as the experiencing self, the authorial Anna playing the role of the observing self. This leads to a higher plane of self-empathy and empathic understanding of the other.