Earticle

Identity-aware activity recognition is a key enabler for customized services. However, joint modeling of activity recognition and user identification from wireless signals remains underexplored. This work presents a dual-task graph model for millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar point-cloud sequences. We construct directed graphs that capture a user’s spatial structure and motion over time. A shared graph neural backbone processes these graphs and produces node embeddings that encode local spatial features and short-term dynamics. Each task-specific head first aggregates node embeddings into a graph-level representation and then performs activity or identity classification. Experiments on two public datasets demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves classification performance comparable to single-task baselines for both activity recognition and user identification while maintaining low-latency inference. Codes are available at?https://github.com/junyongeom/mmActId/.

Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone disease caused by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). OP is common in women because BMD gradually decreases after age 35. OP due to decreased BMD is highly likely to cause fatal traumatic injuries such as hip fracture. Purpose The purpose of this study was developed and evaluated a multi-layer perceptron neural network model that predicts OP using physical characteristics and activity factors of adult women over the age of 35 whose BMD begins to decline. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data from KNHANES were used to develop a multi-layer perceptron model for predicting OP. Data preprocessing included variable selection and sample balancing, and LASSO was used for feature selection. The model used 5 hidden layers, dropout and batch normalization and was evaluated using evaluation scores such as accuracy and recall score calculated from a confusion matrix. Results Models were trained and evaluated to predict OP using selected features including age, quality of life index, weight, grip strength and average working hours per week. The model achieved 76.8% accuracy, 74.5% precision, 80.5% recall, 77.4% F1 score, and 74.8% ROC AUC. Conclusions A multi-layer perceptron neural network for predicting OP diagnosis using physical characteristics and activity factors in women aged 35 years or older showed relatively good performance. Since the selected variables can be easily measured through surveys, assessment tool, and digital hand dynamometer, this model will be useful for screening elderly women with OP or not in areas with poor medical facilities or difficult access.

Since its establishment in 2018, the Young Generation Network (YGN) has been dedicated, with support of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), to a variety of activities to promote communication, collaboration and professional development of students and young professionals in the area of radiation protection and its allied fields. This article reports our recent activities from the middle of 2018 to the beginning of 2021, with highlights on some important events: “Joint JHPS-SRP-KARP Workshop of Young Generation Network” (December 2019 in Japan); contribution to “Nuclear Energy Agency Workshop on Optimization: Rethinking the Art of Reasonable” (January 2020 in Portugal); survey on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on radiation protection among IRPA YGN members (March 2020); and contribution to IRPA15 (15th International Congress of the IRPA; January–February 2021, online). The discussion and insight obtained from each activity are also summarized. The IRPA YGN will aim to achieve its on-going activities and continue to follow the ways paved in the Strategic Agenda and despite the challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Namely, running an international survey (for example, on the usage of social media in radiation protection, and on the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic), engaging national YGNs, extending the network, finding new relationships with networks with an interest in the young generation and participation in (remote) events will be aspired for.

Nowadays, surveillance systems play a pivotal role in monitoring various sectors to ensure public safety and security. These systems generate massive amounts of video data. Therefore, effective analysis of these streams is an important research area with multiple applications. Several methods have been reported for the automatic recognition of abnormal activities, but these techniques show limited performance while learning complex temporal dependencies of real-world surveillance of abnormal activities. We introduce a Deep Learning (DL)-assisted framework that is mainly divided into two parts. First, the surveillance video stream is preprocessed, and then the BoTNeT-152 is employed to extract spatial features. Secondly, a Residual Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (RBLSMT) Network is introduced to learn the complex temporal dependencies across multiple frames for abnormal activity recognition. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed method, we evaluated its performance on the benchmark real-world UCFCrime2Local dataset, achieving an accuracy of 86% reveals a significant improvement of up to 2% compared to existing methods which shows the superiority of the suggested technique in addressing the challenges posed by complex surveillance environments.

Older adults with disability might have been increasing due to the rapid aging of society. Many studies showed that physical activity is an es-sential part for improving quality of life in later lives. Regular physical activity is an efficient means that has roles of primary prevention and secondary prevention. However, there were few studies regarding old-er adults with disability and physical activity participation. The purpose of this current study was to investigate restriction factors to regularly participate older adults with disability in physical activity by employing keyword network analysis. Two hundred twenty-nine older adults with disability who were over 65 including aging with disability and disability with aging in type of physical disability and brain lesions defined by dis-abled person welfare law partook in the open questionnaire assessing barriers to participate in physical activity. The results showed that the keyword the most often used was ‘Traffic’ which was total of 21 times (3.47%) and the same proportion as in the ‘personal’ and ‘economical’. Exercise was considered the most central keyword for participating in physical activity and keywords such as facility, physical activity, dis-abled, program, transportation, gym, discomfort, opportunity, and leisure activity were associated with exercise. In conclusion, it is necessary to educate older persons with disability about a true meaning of physical activity and providing more physical activity opportunities and decreas-ing inconvenience should be systematically structured in Korea.

경쟁 및 세계화와 같은 조직 외적인 변화와 더불어 다양한 변화에 적응할 수 있는 인적 자본 에 대한 관심이 커지고 있음에 따라 이를 개발하기 위한 다양한 훈련프로그램의 중요성이 강조되고 있 다. 여러 훈련 프로그램 중에서도 다양한 자원과 정보를 얻기 위한 사회적 네트워크 활동이 직무효과성 에 미치는 영향력이 크다는 다양한 선행연구를 바탕으로 기업 구성원은 사회적 네트워크를 통해서 자신 의 직무에 대한 만족도, 몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다. 그리고 사회적 네트워크 활동이 개 인의 직무태도에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 더욱 증가시킬 수 있도록 어떠한 환경적 요소가 영향을 미치 는지를 알아보고자 기업 문화의 역할을 탐색적으로 연구하고자 하였다. 사회적 네트워크 형성을 보여주는 활동으로 상사-부하 간 교환관계 및 상호작용과 멘토링, 학습조직 을 제시하였다. 개인의 직무태도를 나타내는 변수로는 조직몰입을 채택하였으며, 다양한 유형의 조직문 화가 사회적 네트워크 활동과 어떠한 상호작용을 하여 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 알아보기 위해서 Quinn과 MaGrath(1985)의 경쟁가치모형을 사용하여 조직 문화 유형을 분류하였다. 이 연구는 주로 기업(조직) 문화가 사회적 네트워크 활동과 조직 몰입 사이의 관계에서 조절효과를 미치는지 여부에 중점을 두고 있고, 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 한국직업능력개발원에서 제공하는 인 적 자본기업패널 데이터(HCCP)를 사용한다. 인적자본기업패널 중에서도 변수로써 사용되는 조직몰입 문항이 추가된 5차 자료를 선정하였으며 총 10,043명의 근로자를 대상으로 한 본 자료를 사용하여 기업 문화의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면, 사회적 네트워크 활동은 조직몰입에 영향을 주며, 기업 문화가 사회적 네트워크 활동이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 기업 문화가 사회적 네트워크 활동 이 조질 몰입에 미치는 영향을 서로 다르게 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들어, 합의 문화는 활발한 사회적 네트워크 활동과 상호작용을 발생시켜 조직 몰입을 더욱 강화시켰다. 반면에 위계적 문화와 개발 적 문화는 사회적 네트워크 활동과의 상호작용을 통해 조직몰입에 미치는 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 드 러났다. 이러한 결과는 다음과 같은 점을 시사한다. 개인은 타인과의 상호작용을 통해서 다양한 정보를 획득하 고 이러한 정보는 개인으로 하여금 과업을 더욱 잘 수행하기 위한 자산이 될 수 있다. 게다가 이러한 사 회적 활동은 특정 유형의 기업문화와 잘 조화가 되었을 때, 긍정적인 상호작용을 일으킬 수 있다. 구체 적으로 기업문화는 사회적 네트워크 활동이 조직 몰입에 미치는 영향을 증가시켜, 기업 구성원들이 합의 적인 기업 문화를 조성하기 위해서 노력해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 기업 구성원들이 사회적 네트워크 활동을 적극적으로 활용하기 위해서는 합의적인 기업문화를 구축하는데 도움이 될 수 있는 팀워크, 단일 성, 구성원간의 신뢰와 같은 조직적 행동이 수반된다. 더욱이 이러한 행동들은 조직몰입을 증가시키며 이는 잠재적으로 조직 성과에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate culture in exploring the environmental factors affecting the positive influence of social network activities on individual job attitude. Social network activities are pervasive in organizations through the forms of the formation of a social network, exchange relationship between leader and members, mentoring and learning organization. We examine how various types of organizational culture interact with social network activities and affect organizational commitment building on the typology of organizational culture using the competitive value model of Quinn and MaGrath(1985). This study mainly focuses on whether corporate(organizational) culture has the moderating effects on the relationship between social network activity and organizational commitment. To accomplish this goal, the data from Human Capital Corporate Panel, provided by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training are utilized. In the human capital corporate panel, the 5th data added with the items of organizational commitment used as the variables were selected and the data of 10,043 workers were analyzed. The results show that social network activity has an impact on organizational commitment, and corporate culture can moderate the aforementioned relationship between social network activity and organizational commitment. Specifically, we find that the corporate culture produces differential effects in moderating the main relationship. For instance, consensual corporate culture combined with active social network activity yield the synergistic effect on the commitment while hierarchical and development culture seem to have no potential interaction on organizational commitment. The results imply that individuals acquire a variety of information through interactions with others, thereby perceiving such information as complementary assets to perform better. Moreover, such social activity can yield the positive interaction when the specific type of corporate culture is well aligned. More specifically, corporate culture further increases the influences of social network activities on organizational commitment that corporate members should strive to create a consensus corporate culture. In order for the social network of corporate members to be actively utilized, the following organizational behaviors, such as, teamwork, sense of unity, and trust among members that can help build the basis of consensual corporate culture, are needed. Moreover, these factors will increase the organizational commitment, which, could in turn, have potentially a positive effect on organizational performance.

본 논문은 고령층을 대상으로 이들의 사회적 참여가 코로나19로 인해 어떻게 변화하였는지를 분석 한다. 고령층은 일반 국민과 비교하여 디지털 정보격차로 인해 온라인을 통한 활동이 제한적일 뿐만 아니라 코로나19로 인해 대면 활동에서도 제약을 지니기 때문에 이들의 사회적 참여 및 네트워크 활 동에 대한 코로나19의 부정적 영향이 상대적으로 클 것이다. 본 논문은 고령층의 일반 국민 대비 온 라인을 통한 사회적 참여 및 네트워크 활동의 코로나19 전후 변화를 이중차분 분석틀을 적용해 실증 적으로 분석한다. 회귀분석 결과에 의하면, 코로나19를 전후로 일반 국민 대비 고령층의 온라인을 통 한 사회적 참여는 상대적으로 감소하였으며 이는 이들의 사회적 참여 제한이 상대적으로 커졌음을 의 미한다. 고령자의 증가와 이들의 정신적 건강 문제는 우리 사회가 해결해야 하는 과제들 가운데 하나 에 해당하였다. 하지만, 본 논문의 실증분석결과는 코로나19로 인해 독거 노령자의 사회적 참여가 보다 더 제약을 받게 되었기 때문에 이들에 대한 사회적 관심과 보살핌을 강화하는 정책이 필요하다.

This paper analyzes how the social participation of the elderly has changed due to COVID-19. In particular, compared to the general public, not only have their online activities limited due to the digital information gap, but also face-to-face activities due to COVID-19, so the negative impact of COVID-19 on their social participation and network activities is relatively large. will be. This paper empirically analyzes the changes in social participation and network activities online and before and after COVID-19 of the elderly compared to the general population by applying a double-difference analysis framework. According to the results of the regression analysis, the social participation of the elderly through online was relatively decreased compared to the general public before and after Corona 19, which means that their social participation restrictions were relatively large. The increase of the elderly and their mental health problems have been one of the challenges that our society has to solve. However, the empirical analysis results of this paper show that social participation of the elderly living alone is more restricted due to COVID-19, so a policy to strengthen social interest and care for them is needed.

본 연구의 목적은 중고령자의 디지털 정보화 접근수준과 삶의 만족도 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 온라인 사회참여 활동과 온라인 네트워크 활동의 직렬다중매개효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2018년 디지털정보격차실태조사에 응답한 중고령자 1,491명을 대상으로 분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 디지털정보화접근수준과 삶의 만족도는 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 노인의 디지털 정보화 접근수준이 온라인 사회참여 활동 을 경유해 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향보다 디지털 정보화 접근수준이 온라인 사회참여 활동을 거쳐 온라인 네트워크 활동을 경유한 후 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 더 크다는 것을 입증하였다. 본 연구결과는 노인의 디지털 정보화 접근수준과 삶의 만족도, 온라인 사회참여 활동, 온라인 네트워크 활동 간의 관계를 통합적으로 살펴봄으로써 노인의 디지털 정보화 및 삶의 만족도 제고를 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있다는 점에 의의를 가진다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the access level of digital information service and life satisfaction level of the middle and high-aged people and to analyze the Sequential Mediation Effects on online social engagement and online network activities. To this end, we analyzed the effects of multiple mediations on 1,491 seniors who responded to the 2018 digital information gap survey. The results of the study are as follows: First, this study confirmed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the access levels of digital information service and the life satisfaction. Second, the results showed that impact of digital information access level on life satisfaction among high-aged people was higher when they were engaged in both online social activities and online networking, rather than only involved in online social activities. Overall, this study comprehensively examined the relationship among the level of digital information access, life satisfaction, online social engagement, and online networking, which is meaningful in that it can be used as data for reconsideration of the digital information services and life satisfaction of the high-aged people.

목적 : 지역사회에 거주하는 경도인지장애 노인들의 인지수준이 여가나 일상생활활동 뿐만 아니라 활동에 대한 참여와 사회적 관계망에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 지역사회에 거주중인 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로, MMSE-K의 점수가 15점 이상 23점 이하인 경도인지장애 노인들을 대상으로 선별하였다. 대상자들의 영역별 인지능력을 알아보기 위하여 MoCA-K를, 활동참여 수준 및 사 회관계망 지수를 확인하기 위하여 K-ACS와 LSNS-18을 각각 적용하였다. 결과 : 인지와 활동 참여의 관계를 살펴본 결과 인지의 다양한 하위 능력(시공간능력, 어휘능력, 주의력, 추상력, 지남력) 이 수단적 일상생활, 여가활동, 사회활동에 유의한 영향을 주고 있었다. 또한 인지의 모든 하위 능력이 사회적 관계 망의 하위 요소들과 유의한 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 인지의 전반적 요소들이 경도인지장애 노인들의 다양한 영역의 활동참여 및 사회적 관계망에 영향을 주고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 후속 연구들을 통하여 경도인지장애 노인들의 활동 참여와 사회적 참여를 높이는 방안들이 마련되기를 제언하는 바이다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive level of mild cognitive impaired elderly living in the community on participation in activities and social networks as well as leisure and daily life activities. Methods : The elderly people aged 65 years or older living in the community were selected for the mild cognitive impairment with a score of MMSE-K of 15 or more and 23 or less. MoCA-K was applied in order to examine the cognitive abilities of the subjects and K-ACS and LSNS-18 were applied to confirm the activity participation level and social network index. Results : As a result of examining the relationship between cognition and activity participation, various sub-abilities(spatio-temporal abilities, vocabulary abilities, attention, abstract thinking) of cognition had a significant influence on instrumental activities of daily living, leisure activities and social activities. In addition, all of the sub - abilities of cognition showed a significant correlation with sub-elements of social network. Conclusion : Through this study, it was found that the general elements of cognition influenced activity participation and social network of various areas of mild cognitive impaired elderly people. We suggest that measures for enhancing participation and social participation of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment are provided through follow up studies.

본 연구는 학교현장의 SW교육과정 적용을 위해 SW교육 중 네트워크 및 디지털 창작도구 교육과정에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 국내외 SW교육과정 분석을 통한 주요한 키워드를 추출하여 개념이해와 학습활동 요소를 각 영역별 특성에 맞게 재구조화한 교육과정 모델을 개발하였다. 네트워크 영역은 개념이해 중심, 디지털 창작도 구 영역은 활동중심의 형태로 영역별 교육과정을 모델링하였으며, 이를 기반으로 영역별 내용요소를 구성하여 전문가 검증을 통한 타당도를 제시하였다. 또한 다른 영역의 내용요소들을 결합하여 학교에서 재구성하기 쉽게 제시되었고 연구의 결과는 국내 SW교육과정 표준모델 적용을 위한 기초연구 자료로써 활용되기를 기대한다.

This paper is a research on the curriculums of network and digital creation tools among SW education in order to apply them to SW curriculum in education fields. For doing so, a curriculum model was developed by extracting main key words through the analyses of domestic and foreign SW curriculum, and reorganization of concept understanding and learning activity elements was made so as to be fit to characteristics of each curriculum. And curriculums were remodeled by curriculum such like concept understanding was focussed in network, activities in digital creation tools and its validity was suggested through expert verification by composing contents elements based on the results. Also, this model was proposed so that each school could recompose it easily by combining contents elements of other curriculums. Therefore, the suggested model could be utilized as a basic research data in applying domestic SW curriculum standard model.

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing performance of social entrepreneurship, organizational culture and network activity in the social enterprise. This model tests various theoretical research hypotheses relating to social enterprise, social entrepreneurship, organizational culture and network activity. Questionnaires have been collected during one month 2010 and a total of one hundred one has been considered valid. Smart PLS(Partial Least Square) 2.0 and SPSS 15.0 have been utilized for deriving the study results. The results of hypothesis testing are as follows. First, social entrepreneurship positively influence managerial performance, social performance and network activity(social network, market network, financial network). Second, organizational culture positively influence managerial performance, social performance and network activity(social network, market network). Third, social network positively influence managerial performance and social performance and financial network positively influence managerial performances. Finally, financial network activity has a moderating effect on the relationship between social entrepreneurship and managerial performance.

Voice activity detection (VAD) is the key of voice recognition, voice synthesis and speech-sound enhancement.For the sake of improve the accuracy and robustness of speech endpoint detection system. Combining the advantages of adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and improved radial basis function network (RBF) defects in existing learning methods. This paper presents a comprehensive detection method-- Adaptive genetic algorithm radial basis function network. This method uses adaptive genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimize the center, the width and the structure of RBF network. The method using wavelet analysis to extract the characteristics of the speech signal, use them as an input amount to the radial basis function networks. Establish voice detection system model, this method enhance the accuracy of the detection system and has better robustness.

The user interface design of smart phone is often too simple in logic that the taxonomy of tasks frequently performed is the only basis and the UI allow the user to add their favorite Apps as they want. However, with too many Apps available for smart phone users but not many of them are used frequently, the convenience of smart phone usage can and should be developed not just by the predefined functions but to maximize its UI usefulness from user's activity analysis. In this paper, we propose an intelligent method using BAM network to minimize searching for the frequently asked Apps by recognizing and learning user's signal to execute them. This is a form of activity-centered design to maximize user's convenience in user interface of a smart phone.

범죄예방활동이란 안전서비스에 대한 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 안전에 대한 위협 요소를 사전에 파악하여 조기에 대응함으로써 범죄를 미연에 방지하는 사전활동을 말한다. 여기에는 범죄와 직접 관련 있는 형사사법기관의 제반활동은 물론이고 여 러 행정기관, 사회단체, 민간경비업체의 범죄예방활동들이 포함되며, 시민들의 자 율방범활동이나 신고 및 협조도 포함되는 것이다. 자율방범활동은 지역 주민들의 자발적인 참여로 경찰과 주민의 협력체계를 구축 하고 범죄예방과 지역사회의 환경을 개선하기 위한 봉사활동 단체로 자리매김하여 치안유지활동의 효율성을 도모하려고 하였다. 또한 봉사조직으로 경찰과 합동 또는 자체적으로 조를 편성하여 심야 취약시간에 순찰활동을 전개하면서 범죄신고, 부녀 자 안전귀가, 청소년 선도보호 등 다양한 활동을 하고 있다. 자율방범활동을 수행하고 있는 자율방범대원들 간의 상호관계망은 자율방범활동 에 참여하고 있는 상황에 대한 관심과 만족도, 근무환경에 대한 만족도, 그리고 동 료관계에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 이러한 관계를 네트워크의 중심에 위 치하는 정도를 나타내는 네트워크 중심성이라는 개념으로 범죄예방활동과 관련된 만족도 즉, 자율방범대 참여에 대한 만족도, 근무환경에 대한 만족도, 동료관계 만 족도를 살펴보고 상호 간의 관계를 분석해 보았다. 전반적으로 자율방범대원들의 인구사회학적 특성과 네트워크 중심성은 자율방범 대원들의 범죄예방활동의 만족도에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하게 도출되 지 않았다. 다만 부분적으로 인구사회학적 특성 중 자율방범대원으로 참여한 경력 이 적을수록, 네트워크 중심성에서 참여 만족도가 낮을수록 참여 만족도가 높은 것 으로 나타났고, 생활수준이 높을수록 근무환경 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

This study analyzed the performance awareness of voluntary guard corps by network characteristics, which complements the insufficient parts of police which is commons in crime prevention. It is an analysis on crime prevention activity satisfaction of centrality that are characteristics of network as independent variables. This study analyzed crime prevention activity satisfaction of voluntary guard corps of Cheonan crime safe city and difference analysis of effects that centrality which are network characteristics give. Also, Considering that voluntary guard corps is a service organization made by voluntary participation, it planed to find out how is the effect that position, career, and life standard give. As a result of that, Cheonan crime safe city voluntary guard corps showed difference between crime prevention activity satisfaction occurrence reduction following regional characteristics. It appeared that the voluntary guard corps of the region which consisted of province and agricultural cooperative was highly satisfied in both crime prevention activity satisfaction. However, as a result of analyzing by controlling position, rank, and life standard, the voluntary guard corps of province · agricultural cooperative complex city much affected crime prevention activity satisfaction. It deduces the meaning that members relied on each other and served the region during voluntary crime prevention activity. The result of precedented study indicated that if the density was high, we can raise the performance.

In this paper, performance evaluation of HNCP home network is using stochastic activity network models is proposed. HNCP is a home network protocol for controling and monitoring home appliances using power line communication. a CSMA/CA with packet drop method is used in HNCP MAC layer. Using the proposed stochastic activity network models. performances of HNCP home networks with error-free environment and error environment are evaluated.

In this work, the software behavior under memory faults in operation phase is modeled and simulated using the stochastic activity network, generalized stochastic Petri nets. This networks permit the representation of concurrency, timeliness, fault tolerance, and degradable performance of system and provide a means for determining the stochastic behavior of a complex system. We estimate the reliability of an application software in the digitized system in nuclear power plants and show the sensitivity of the software reliability to the major physical parameters which affect the software failure in normal operation phase. We found that the effects of the hardware faults on the software failure should be considered for predicting the software dependability accurately in operation phase.

This paper presents an alternative approach to evaluating the overall efficiency and performance of Taiwanese container ports. Specifically, a parallel activity with series structure concept in the form of data envelopment analysis (MNDEA) is used to construct a model that applies to three different activities: harbor management, stevedoring and warehousing operations. We will further divide each activity into two process types, production processes and services processes. We will also adopt a Delphi survey approach and use the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to identify these processes’influence dependence and their degree of importance for the MNDEA model setting. An empirical application demonstrates the performance of Taiwanese container ports by using MNDEA with window analysis techniques via the directional distance function.The results demonstrate that the application is effective in indicating and/or suggesting resource-adjustments, while considering which undesirable output levels and shared inputs were involved. The results also present directions for possible improvements in workplace efficiency.

The advancement of knowledge society has enabled the social network community (SNC) to be perceived as another space for learning where individuals produce, share, and apply content in self-directed ways. The content generated within social networks provides information of value for the participants in real time. Thus, this study proposes the social network community activity-based content model (SoACo Model), which takes SNC-based activities and embodies them within learning objects. The SoACo Model consists of content objects, aggregation levels, and information models. Content objects are composed of relationship-building elements, including real-time, changeable activities such as making friends, and participation-activity elements such as "Liking" specific content. Aggregation levels apply one of three granularity levels considering the reusability of elements: activity assets, real-time, changeable learning objects, and content. The SoACo Model is meaningful because it transforms SNC-based activities into learning objects for learning and teaching activities and applies to learning management systems since they organize activities -- such as tweets from Twitter -- depending on the teacher's intention.