Earticle

본 연구는 무선 이동 인터넷에서 사용가능한 계층별 이동성 관리 기법의 핸드오버 절차와 성능을 비교한 것이다. 이동 환경에서 무결정성의 정보 서비스를 제공하기 위한 효율적인 이동성 관리 기법을 조사하기 위해 먼저 기존의 네트워크 계층에서의 이동성 지원 기법인 모바일 IPv4와 모바일 IPv6에 대한 핸드오버 절차를 설명하고, 이어서 트랜스포트 계층에서의 이동성 지원 기법인 SCTP에 기반한 모바일 구조(SMA)의 핸드오버 절차를 비교한다. NS-2를 이용하여 무선 이동 환경에서 모바일 IPv6와 SMA의 성능을 비교한 시뮬레이션 결과는 SMA가 핸드오버 지연시간, 패킷 손실률 그리고 처리율에서 Mobile IPv6보다 우수함을 보였다.

The aim of this study is to present the handover procedures and the performance comparisons of layered mobility management schemes for wireless mobile Internet. To investigate efficient mobility management schemes providing seamless information services in a mobile environment, this paper provided the detailed discussions of existing network layered mobility management scheme, including Mobile IPv4, Mobile IPv6, and new transport layer mobility management scheme, stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) based mobility architecture (SMA). Network simulator-2 (ns-2) was used to compare the performance between Mobile IPv6 and SMA in the wireless mobile Internet environment. Simulation results show that for typical network configuration and parameters, SMA has a lower handover latency, lower packet loss rate, and higher throughput than Mobile IPv6.

Internet traffics for various kinds of contents are growing with more amount of data to provide high-quality information and are required various QoS depending on the characteristics of contents. However, current Internet service supports BE (Best Effort) service only, therefore IntServ (Integrated Service) scheme and DiffServ (Differentiated Service) scheme are represented to support QoS in IP layer. This paper describes new scheme that provides QoS taking into account the traffic characteristics over Mobile IPv6 network based on IEEE 802.11e by decreasing signal process time using traffic class of DiffServ and MAC and evaluates the performance through computer simulation.

현재 WLAN, WiBro, HSDPA 등의 다양한 형태의 망 환경들이 존재함에 따라 이러한 다양한 형태의 망간 연동을 통한 시너지 효과를 활용하여 사용자에게 높은 질의 서비스를 제공하려는 수많은 시도들이 이루어지고 있으며 우선적으로 단말이 이종망간에 이동을 하더라도 서비스 연속성을 제공하여 주는 이동성 제공 기술에 관한 연구들이 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 그러나 이미 상용 서비스를 제공 중인 이종 망간(i.e., WiBro 와 HSDPA)에 서비스 연속성을 제공하는 데 있어서는 접속 망 자체의 기본적인 기술적 특성 (i.e., 전송 속도, Coverage, QoS)이외에도 이미 망을 Deployment하여 서비스를 제공 중인 사업자의 현실적인 문제 (i.e., 접속 망 기능 변경의 어려움 및 비용) 등 다양한 변수들도 존재하며 이러한 망의 다양성을 충족시키면서 망간 서비스 연속성을 제공하기 위해서는 하나의 독자적인 이동성 기술로는 한계를 가지게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이미 망이 Deployment되어 상용 서비스 중인 Wi-Bro와 HSDPA망간에 서비스 연속성을 제공하기 위해서 발생할 수 있는 현실적인 문제점들을 제시하고 이를 고려한 효율적인 이동성 프로토콜을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 Client Mobile IPv4 (CMIPv4)와 Proxy Mobile IPv4 (PMIPv4)의 기술적인 장점을 취하고, 이미 Deployment되어 서비스를 제공 중인 망의 상황에 따라 유동적으로 CMIPv4와 PMIPv4기술을 동시에 혼재하여 적용가능 한 Hybrid Mobile IP의 이동성 기술 방안을 제안하였다.

Recently, various types of wireless access networks, such as WLAN, WiBro and HSDPA, etc, have been successfully deployed by commercial service providers (i.e., KT, KTF). In this situation, there are many efforts to provide high quality of services to guarantee seamless mobility between heterogeneous networks. The IP layer mobility protocols are efficient mechanisms to provide seamless mobility between IP based heterogeneous networks as well as homogeneous networks. However, to apply IP mobility protocols in real heterogeneous networks (i.e., WiBro and HSDPA), we must consider not only the basic features of techniques of wireless access networks (i.e., Data rate, Coverage, Quality of Service) but also the problem of real environment of service provider (i.e., Expanse cost to change the access network). Due to this reason, it is difficult to satisfy required conditions by using only one IP mobility protocol in real heterogeneous networks. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient mobility protocol to solve the complex problems that are occurred in real heterogeneous networks. The proposed protocol, so-called, “Hybrid Mobile IP” tries to provide a synergy effect by integrating Client Mobile IPv4 (CMIPv4) and Proxy Mobile IPv4 (PMIPv4), and using the two mobility protocols selectively according to the situation of real heterogeneous networks.

IP 기반의 이동 네트워크에서 페이징 메커니즘을 IP 계층에서 처리하는 기술(즉, IP 페이징)은 이동 단말의 전력 소모와 위치 등록 시그널링 부하를 감소시켜주며, 이기종 무선 액세스 기술들을 지원하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 그러나, 통신이 매우 빈번한 환경 하에서는 증가하는 페이징 시그널링 부하와 잦은 페이징 지연으로 인하여 오히려 IP 페이징의 사용은 역효과를 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는, 이러한 IP 페이징의 문제점을 해결하고자, 이동 단말이 자신의 프로파일 정보에 기반하여 선택적인 위치 등록 및 페이징을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 비용 효율적인 IP 페이징 기법을 제안한다. 성능 평가 결과, 제안 기법은 IP 기반의 계층적 이동 네트워크에서 상당한 정도의 페이징 시그널링 부하와 잦은 페이징 지연을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

Handling paging mechanism at the IP layer (i.e., IP paging) makes it possible to support heterogeneous wireless access technologies, providing energy-saving and reduced location registration signaling overhead over IP-based mobile networks. However, IP paging may rather cause adverse effects under active communication environments because of significant paging signaling overhead and frequent paging delay. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a cost-effective IP paging scheme is proposed in this paper, which enables a mobile node to perform selective registration and paging based on its profile information. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme has apparent potential to mitigate considerable paging signaling overhead and frequent paging delay in IP-based hierarchical mobile networks.

본 논문은 제한된 컴퓨팅 파워와 자원을 갖는 IoT 와 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) 환경에서, 모바일 기기와 홈에이전트/ 대응노드 간의 바인딩 업데이트 메시지에 효율적이고 안전한 쌍방향 인증 프로토콜 제안한다. 이 프로토콜은 MIPv6의 메시지 교환에 기반으로 하여 최소한의 수정으로 통신주체 양쪽에 대하여 최적화된 인증과 공개키 교환을 동시에 만족한 다. 최소한의 메시지교환으로 쌍방향 인증이 가능하며, 인증을 위한 교환 메시지 수를 최소화하였고, ECC 공개키 기반 키쌍을 사용으로 각각 노드에서의 연산양이 적으며 교환되는 메시지 크기가 작아서 네트워크 부담도 기존의 연구들에 비해 상대적으로 적다. 향후에는 본 논문에서 제안하는 프로토콜을 구체적으로 구현하여 성능분석 연구를 진행할 예정이다.

This paper proposes efficient and secure two-way authentication protocol for binding update messages between mobile devices and home agents / correspondent nodes in IoT and Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) environments with limited computing power and resources. Based on the MIPv6 message exchange, the proposed protocol satisfies both the authentication and the public key exchange optimized for both sides of the communication with minimum modification. In the future, we will carry out a performance analysis study by implementing the proposed protocol in detail.

IP-based mobile communication system is one of the key research items in the mobile networks for a long time. But, due to some technical issues and no need of markets, it is still not full-fledged. Recently, CDMA and WCDMA service providers want to introduce IP-based network connectivity. Even though their efforts, the main network infra-structure depends on ATM or HDLC technology. This article describes a good example of commercialization of IP-based mobile communication systems. Our research is not experimental system but a in-service system – replacing the existing equipments with new IP-based systems. In this paper, we introduce IP related technologies used in our research such as IP-based ATCA(Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture) platform, HA(High Availability) redundancy, IP multicast, network redundancy techniques, multi-link bundling and IP header compression. These are already well-known to internet domain. We mix them with mobile communication systems concretely.

The advent multimedia real time application demands large volume of data to execute the required quality of service (QoS). Existing centralized approach lacks support its suitability in terms of dynamic mobility, scalability, reliability, seamless connectivity, etc. This motivates host based dynamic and distributed mobility management (DMM) solution for MIPv6 protocol to execute an intelligent mobility operation at an access network level rather centralized. The presented fully DMM architecture (FDMM) is implemented for integrated WLAN and WiMAX networks, where the entire mobility functions are distributed at access level in order to achieve a fast exchange of signaling information during handover operation. In addition, IEEE 802.21 media independent handover (MIH) standard is also adopted in the proposed work to execute seamless handover procedures across a heterogeneous background. The performance analysis of MIH-FDMM is compared with existing centralized mobility management (CMM) scheme in terms of handover delay, throughput, packet loss, etc. for real time traffic classes (constant and variable bit rate (CVBR)). Simulation result proves that the combined MIH-FDMM significantly minimize the handover delay, packet loss ratio and thus accomplishes seamless service for both real time and non-real time QoS efficiency.

본 논문은 WiBro 무선망에 접속하여 Wi-Fi 단말에게 무선 인터넷 서비스 제공이 가능한 WiMAX CPE(무선 AP)를 개발하는 것이다. 상향 인터페이스로 WiBro를 기본으로 지원하며 하향 인터페이스로 Wi-Fi 및 100M 이더넷 인터페이스를 지원하는 것을 목표로 하여, 무선 인터넷 사업자가 지하철, 자동차, 선박 등에서 다수의 인터넷서비스 가입자에게 Wi-Fi 단말을 이용하여 무선 인터넷 서비스를 제공받을 수 있도록 하는 사업자용 장치와, WiBro 서비스에 가입한 다수의 Wi-Fi 단말들이 동시에 인터넷 접속을 할 수 있도록 일반 사용자들이 직접 구매하여 설치할 수 있는 일반 사용자용으로 구분하여 개발하였다.

This paper is to develop WiMAX CPE(wireless AP) that can provides Wi-Fi terminal with wireless Internet service by connecting to Wibro wireless network. This AP aims to support WiBro in upstream interface basically, and Wi-Fi and 100M Ethernet interface in downstream. So, we has developed the equipment for business that wireless ISP can provide many Internet customers with wireless Internet service by using Wi-Fi terminal in subway, car, ship, and so on, and the equipment for users that a user can purchase and then install in person. For the latter, multiple Wi-Fi terminals that be registered in WiBro service can be connected to Internet simultaneously.

Smart Home technology is the integration of technology and services through home networking for a better quality of living. This paper provides a review of the recent developments in technologies for Smart Home Automation and Mobile IP and its potential application and integration to Smart Home systems. The principles of MIPv6 are adopted for providing mobility on the design of the architecture for MIP-Based Smart Home.

One of the main requirements that need to be enhanced for smart home networking is mobility. The capabilities of smart homes could be enormously enhanced if equipped with mobility allowing the users an autonomous control over the home devices and equipment. This paper presents a discussion of the concepts of proxy mobile IPv6 applied to smart home networks in order to spontaneously control the home devices and equipment while the home owner is mobile. An overview of the concepts of smart homes and proxy mobile IPv6 are also presented.

Multimedia contents distribution over open networks such as the Internet poses numerous issues as to security and mobility. This paper deals with the design of a robust multimedia contents distribution scheme to which it implements both security and mobility. The architecture for its distribution is presented and discussed. The operational functions have been identified that presents security and mobility for its distribution over IP based mobile networks.

Mobile users want to be provided with undisrupted network services when they navigate on the Next-Generation (NG) wireless networks. For that, interlocking with a heterogeneous network is important, but there have been few studies on the method for guaranteeing global mobility. Thus, this paper proposes the Proxy-LMA technique, the mobile IP-based global inter-networking system, to enhance global mobility and interoperability within the Next-Generation (NG) network environment. The purpose of the proposed Proxy-LMA system is to expand the boundary of the mobility with regards to the existing mobility management protocol (PMIPv6 and MIPv6) in order to guarantee global mobility and interoperability within the heterogeneous network environment. The results of the performance evaluation showed that the proposed Proxy-LMA system was more efficient than other methods from the standpoint of signaling cost and delay in the heterogeneous network environment.

Mobile IPv6 is a network-layer solution to node mobility for the IPv6 Internet. It allows a mobile node to maintain a continuous connection from one access point to another. MIPv6 introduces several security vulnerabilities such as the authentication and authorization of Binding Updates (BUs) during the home agent registration process. This paper deals with securing the standard mobile IPv6 handover scheme by adding a cryptography procedure for authenticating the binding updates sent by mobile nodes during the home agent registration process.

In next-generation wireless networks, provisioning of IP-based network architecture and seamless transmission services are very important issues for mobile nodes. For this reason, a mobility management mechanism to support global roaming is highly regarded. These technologies bring a broader life by using a global roaming account through the connection of multiple devices or technology to mobile users; they also provide real-time multimedia services. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of fast handover for hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6), hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) using the fluid-flow model and random-walk model. As a result, the location update cost of the PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6 is better than that of HMIPv6 and F-HMIPv6. These results suggest that the network-based mobility management technology is superior to the hierarchical mobility management technology in the mobility environment.

This Study aims to develop a pervasive architecture for U-Healthcare monitoring, services management system, and preventive medicine. The IP based Mobile and Home u-Healthcare system employ wearable wireless bio-sensors to gather medical data, which is then transmitted using RFID technology to the user’s device, typically a smart phone or a PDA, and directs this information to a local proxy server. The communication of the user devices are patterned to the mobility structure of Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 to optimize the network connection. The proxy server will then transmit the medical information to the Central Server’s database.

In Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN), lots of information, such as voice and video data, will be used in All-IP networks. It is important to note that in such environments, seamless service for users and handoff between heterogeneous networks must be taken into account. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a SePH (Seamless Proxy based Handoff) using PMIPv6-based proxy model, which is able to improve the performance of handoff in NGWN. The SePH can efficiently support seamless and IP-based mobility, by reducing the search process. The performance results show that our proposed scheme outperforms in terms of Quality of Service (QoS), such as throughput, handoff latency, packet loss, and signaling overhead, comparing to the existing schemes.

Significant IP mobility mechanisms have been designed to minimize the handover overhead of mobile nodes. Although many efficient algorithms such as Mobile IP, HMIP and PMIP have been proposed, they did not attempt to upgrade their paging mechanisms that also heavily affect the power consumption of mobile nodes. Considering a good paging scheme is important because more than 95% of mobile nodes are moving in the idle state and change their states to active only for paging area updates. However, existing paging schemes assume the configuration of fixed paging areas and do not explore the dynamic nature of a paging area size depending on the states of mobile nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic IP paging scheme, where a paging area size is configured dynamically based on the speed and direction of a mobile node. The performance evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed IP paging scheme reduces the power consumption, compared to a fixed IP paging scheme.

Grid computing using wireless networks is receiving increasing attention and is expected to become a critical part of future grid computing. However, the inherent challenges of mobile environments such as mobility management, disconnected operation, device heterogeneity, service discovery, and resource sharing are significant issues in mobile grid computing. To achieve the best performance in a mobile grid computing environment, the mobile devices with the lowest probability of mobility should be selected for use first. We therefore focus on the idle state of mobile devices and use IP-paging scheme to identify the idle mobile devices. For this, we propose a user-defined checkpoint technique for task migration, which is based on the information of when a mobile device will leave the network or stop due to low battery. Our checkpoint technique performs checkpoints by two conditions : when a mobile device leaves its current cell and when it turns off due to low battery capacity. By performance evaluation, proposed task migration scheme decreases total execution time and total job completion time.