Earticle

최근 활발한 기술개발이 이루어지고 있는 자율주행 자동차는 다양한 교통문제를 해결하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 국내 도로부문 온실가스 배출량이 1억 톤이 넘는 등 환경오 염 문제가 심각해지면서 자율주행 자동차 도입에 따른 환경오염의 절감 부문에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 하지만 환경오염 절감 측면에서 자율주행에 관련한 실증적 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구는 미시 시뮬레이션을 통해 서울시 개포동 일대 교차로 8개소를 대상으로 자율주 행 자동차 도입에 따른 네트워크 성능변화를 분석하고 이를 통해 이산화탄소 배출량을 추정하 였다. 분석결과 내연기관 자율주행 자동차 혼입 시 네트워크 전체 탄소 절감효과는 미미하였 으며 혼입율이 적은 상황에서는 오히려 증가하기도 했다. 반면 자율주행 전기자동차 혼입 시 네트워크 전체 탄소 발생량이 크게 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 자율주행 자동차 도입만으로 는 충분한 탄소배출량 감소 효과를 얻기는 어려우며 적절한 수요관리와 근본적인 연료사용의 전환을 통해 교통 부문 탄소배출을 줄여나가야할 것으로 보인다.

Recently, Autonomous Vehicle(AV) has been expected to solve various transportation problems. s the problem of environmental pollution become serious, research to reduce pollution is needed. However, empirical research on AV related pollution is insufficient. Based on this background, this study analyzed network performance changes and CO₂emissions introduc AVs and Electric Vehicles(EV) in eight intersections . The results show that when AVs with internal combustion engines were, the effect of carbon reduction over the network was insignificant. On the other hand, it was that the total amount of CO₂generated in the network decreased significantly when EVs and autonomous electric vehicles were . ₂emissions in the transportation sector.

미시적 시뮬레이션 모델은 차량과 차량, 차량과 교통제어와의 개별차량 상호작용을 분석할 수 있어 교통공학 분야에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 미시 교통 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용하여 교통시스템을 분석 및 평가할 때 많은 고려요소가 있다. 이 요소들은 현장의 분석 대상지, 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어, 분석 시간, 평가 척도, 패러미터, OD 자료, 랜덤 넘버 등을 포함한다. 이러한 요소들이 미시적 시뮬레이션 결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 평가하기 위해 CORSIM과 TRANSIMS 결과를 토대로 민감도 분석이 실시되었다. 휴스톤에 위치한 I-10과 US290, 샌안토니오에 위치한 I-37 고속도로가 분석에 이용되었다. 오전 첨두, 오후 첨두, 비첨두 시간이 분석되었고, 세 개의 OD 자료가 이용되었다. 분석결과 모델의 패러메터와 OD 자료가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 또한 분석대상지와 분석 시간에 따라 민감도가 달라졌다

Microscopic simulation models, which focus on individual vehicles, are used extensively in the transportation operations in order to capture vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic controls. There are many important factors involved when a micro simulation model is applied as an evaluation tool for the traffic system. They typically include test bed, software, simulation time period, measure of effectiveness, parameter for a software, OD matrix, and random seed number. To evaluate the effects of those factors, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the effects of those factors based on CORSIM and TRANSIMS results. Three freeway corridors, two in Houston (I-10 and US 290) and one in Sin Antonio (I-37), were chosen as test beds. Three time periods (AM, PM, off-peak) and three OD matrix estimates were used for the analysis. It was found that the micro-simulation results were highly sensitive to the model Parameter sets and the OD information. The degree of sensitivity was a function of the test bed and time period.

Level 3 자율주행차의 상용화가 가시화됨에 따라 자율주행차의 운행설계영역(ODD)이 고속도 로 외 도심도로로 확대될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 도심도로 내 인프라-자율차 간 협력주행 기반의 자율주행차 서비스에 대한 교통운영효율성 및 안전성 측면의 효과평가를 통해 도심도로 자율협 력주행 서비스의 실효성을 분석하였다. 도심도로 자율협력주행 서비스의 구현 및 효과평가는 미시교통시뮬레이션모델을 활용하였으며, 각 서비스별 중점관리목표에 따른 개별적인 효과평가 지표를 선정하여 효과 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과, V2X 통신 기반의 자율협력주행 서비스를 통해 자율주행차량의 교통운영 효율성과 안전성이 향상됨을 확인하였고, 그 효과는 자율주행차 의 시장점유율이 증가할수록 커지는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 단속류인 도심도로를 대상으 로 V2X 통신 기반의 자율협력주행 서비스의 효과를 도출해낸 것에 의의가 있으며, 향후 자율협 력주행 서비스 검증 기반이 마련되는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The operational design domain (ODD) of autonomous vehicles needs to be expanded on highways and urban roads in light of the substantial commercialization of Level 3 autonomous vehicles. Therefore, this study developed a specific infrastructure autonomous vehicle-based cooperative driving service to ensure the driving safety of autonomous vehicles on city roads. The traffic operation efficiency, safety evaluation, and core evaluation indices for each service were selected and analyzed to study the effect of each service. The result of the analysis confirmed that the traffic operation efficiency and safety of autonomous vehicles were improved through the V2X communication-based autonomous cooperative driving service. On the whole, the significance of this study is in deriving the effect of the autonomous cooperative driving service based on V2X communication on urban roads with interrupting traffic flow.

Large-scale helicopter group is an important part of the Air Combating System of Systems (ACSoS).How to plan the scale of helicopter group and achieve the best operational effectiveness is a focus of the ACSoS capability requirement analysis. Based on the macro-micro characteristic of the system of systems and the individual system, Air Combating combat models are divided into three types separately in macro and micro perspective. A UML/MM modeling method for Air Combating combat is proposed and the models are built in UML and mathematic method (MM) respectively. In addition, an Air Combating combat simulation system is developed and thirteen simulation plans of different scale values are designed as the inputs of the system .The optimal scale value of helicopter group under the certain scenario is gained through the analysis of the effectiveness based on the simulation results. In this scale condition, the ACSoS achieves its optimal survival and time effectiveness.

This paper describes the operational analysis results of a DC micro-grid using a detailed model of distributed generation. A detailed model of wind power generation, photo-voltaic generation and fuel cell generation was implemented with an userdefined model created with PSCAD/EMTDC software and coded in C-language. The operational analysis was carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software, in which the power circuit is implemented by a built-in model and the controller is modeled by an user-defined model that is also coded in C-language. Various simulation results confirm that a DC micro-grid can operate without any problems in both the grid-tied mode and in the islanded mode. The operational analysis results confirm that the DC micro-grid makes it feasible to provide power to the load stably. It can also be utilized to develop an actual system design.

A water jet cleaning robot system for micro drill bits is to refurbish micro drill bits used for the PCB manufacturing process. It can refurbish drill bits with the minimum diameter of ${\phi}0.15{\sim}0.075mm$ of which the total quantity have been discarded before. Micro drill bits with the minimum diameter of ${\phi}0.075mm$ can be cleaned by applying the water jet cleaning robot system out of the manual ultrasonic cleaning in the past for the cleaning equipment as the initial process in refurbishing. This study analyzed problems, while applying the apparatus mechanism for the workability such as the robot traces of Transfer Robot I and II, drill bit loading and unloading, and cleaning tasks in the water jet cleaning robot system in an effort to carry out simulations. In addition, the cleaning work process was optimized as the work process was verified in advance and the production quantity was analyzed through simulations.

본 연구는 동태적 미시모의실험 모형을 이용하여 사회책임투자가 연금재정에 미치는 효과에 대해 분석한 것이다. 특히 청년층 임대주택 투자를 목적으로 하는 채권의 매입을 사회책임투자로 상정하고 사회책임투자와 출산율 제고, 이에 따른 연금재정의 변화를 분석한다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회책임투자나 출산율 제고가 국민연금기금의 소진에 미치는 영향은미미한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 둘째, 사회책임투자를 통해 청년세대의 주거안정이 이루어지는 경우 합계출산율이 1.4까지 상승하며, 부과식 보험료율또한 장기적으로 5%p 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 사회책임투자의 위험이 기존의 인식에 비해 적은 반면, 보험료 부과대상인 인구기반의확대, 국민연금 기금의 수지차 개선 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study analyzes the effect of socially responsible investment on National Pension Fund using a dynamic micro-simulation model. In particular, this study assumes that socially responsible investment in public rental housing is made through buying social bond to raise the fertility rate, and estimates increasing of fertility rate and the change of pension financing accordingly. The main results are as follows. First, the effect of socially responsible investment and the increase of fertility rate on the exhaustion of the national pension fund is minimal. Second, if housing stability of the younger generation is secured through socially responsible investment, the total fertility rate will rise to 1.4 and the contribution rate of pay-as-you-go system will improve by about 5% over the long term. These results suggest that the risks of the socially responsible investment are less but the benefits of it could be larger than expected such as broadening of the population base on which the contribution is imposed and the improvement of the balance of the national pension fund.

본 연구에서는 한국의 경제․사회에 대한 미시 모의실험 모형인 MMESP(Micro-simulation Model for Economic and Social Policy in Korea, version 1.0)를 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 2007년 연금 개혁의 핵심 내용인 소득대체율의 점진적 인하에 따른 정책 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 일차적으로 소득대체율의 인하가 연금의 지속가능성은 향상시키지만, 적정성을 축소시키는 것을 구체적으로 확인하였다. 동시에 그 영향이 세대와 소득수준에 따라 어떻게 나타나는지를 검토한 결과, 소득대체율은 저소득계층일수록 상대적으로 더 크게 하락할 것으로 전망되었다. 또한 공적 연금이 노인 빈곤에 미치는 영향은 지속적으로 커질 것이며, 동 개혁으로 인해 세대 간 재분배 효과는 축소될 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 저소득계층 일수록, 그리고 후세대일수록 2007년 개혁에 따른 부담은 상대적으로 더 큰 것으로 평가된다.

This study developed a micro-simulation model, MMESP (Micro-simulation Model for Economic and Social Policy in Korea, ver. 1.0) to project long term policy effects of the gradual reduction of income replacement rates which was a core measure of the 2007 National Pension System reform. As it was expected, we found that although the income replacement rate reduction improves the sustainability of the public pension fund, it also deteriorates the adequacy of the pension. We also found that this reform has relatively bad effects to low income classes, i.e, making them worse off; that elder generation's poverty problem becomes worse than before; that redistribution effects of public pension in/between generations become worse, compared to the without-reform case; and that burdens both of low income classes and late-comer generations are expected to be heavier than before.

The safety of the future mankind becomes a world issue due to the climate change driven by global warming. It is inevitable to observe everywhere in daily life the impact of climate change. The level of emergency differs between long-term, mid-term, and short-term, which depends on situation. The impact of climate change in daily life is fairly diverse, and therefore multiple research units of different backgrounds often work together on the measuring and forecasting of the impacts. This paper aims to study the potentially useful methods to analyze and forecast the impact on the changes in transport activities of Canadian Inuit. This is part of the research on the climate change’s impact on the Northern Sea Route area. Either natural or man-made change of external environment forces human to adjust their daily life in order to maintain their utility level of life. Individual or individuals’ group react to the external impact, the way of which differ from others. This fact calls a simulation research on the whole set of input-intermediate process-output. Agents representing individuals or certain subpopulation are given a set of rules to react to stimulus and interact with other agents behave in the realm of simulation. This paper provides methodological discussions on how analyzing and forecasting future change in transport activities in response to climate change. The discussion goes around activity-based approaches that are recently popular in urban planning and transportation planning among available simulation approaches. This paper then discusses the implication and future research agenda.