Earticle

본 연구는 고강도 저항운동시 복어 추출물 섭취가 항산화효소와 간기능 지표에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 20대 남자 대학생 18명을 복어 추출물 섭취군 9명과 비 섭취군 9명을 나누어 2주 동안 1RM의 80% 고강도 저항운동을 적용하면서 항산화효소 측정항목인 GPX(glutathione peroxidase), SOD(superoxide dismutase) 및 간기능 지표인 AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase)를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 항산화효소에서는 복어추출물 섭취에 따른 유의한 변화를 확인할 수 없었으나, 간기능 지표 인 혈청 AST와 ALT의 변화에서는 복어 추출물 섭취군이 적용 전에 비해 적용 후에 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 본 연구를 통해 고강도 저항운동시 복어 추출물 섭취가 간 기능 지표인 혈청 AST와 ALT 감소에 도움이 되는 것을 확인 하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a puffer fish extract intake on antioxidant enzyme and liver function indicator during high-intensity resistance exercise. The subjects for the study were 18 male university student composed of the puffer fish extract group(n=9), control group(n=9), which trained for 2 weeks high-intensity resistance exercise. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX), Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) measured in all the subjects after the end of the 2 weeks high-intensity resistance exercise. The findings of this study were as follows; The puffer fish extract group was significantly lower serum AST and ALT. Consequently, Puffer fish extract intake during high-intensity resistance exercise will be effectively appeared to decreasing liver function indicator such as serum AST and ALT.

간헐단식과 주열요법을 병행하여 각 그룹 별로 36명을 임상대상으로 간 기능 및 지질에 관련된 혈액성상 연구 를 하여 통계적으로 분석하는 것이 목적이었다. Positive and negative controls는 유의성(p<.05)을 보이지 않아서 집단 의 동질성이 확보되었다. 간 기능에 관련된 aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)의 측정 수치는 사전인 C 그룹과 사후인 S1 그룹의 차이는 유의성이 없었고, S2 그룹의 차이는 유의성이 있었으며, γ-GTP (glutamic transpeptidase)의 측정치는 C 그룹과 S1 그룹 및 S2 그룹의 차이는 유의성이 있었다. 골관절 관련 요산(uric acid)의 검사치는 C 그룹과 S1 및 S2 그룹의 차이는 유의성이 없었다. 심혈관 및 지질 검사치인 CPK(creatine phosphokinase), LDL(low density lipoprotein) 검사수치는 C 그룹과 S1 및 S2의 차이는 유의성이 없었다. Total cholesterol, HDL(high density lipoprotein)의 측정치는 C 그룹과 S1 및 S2 그룹의 차이는 유의성이 있었다. Triglyceride의 검사치 는 C 그룹과 S1의 차이는 유의성이 있었으나, S2와의 차이는 유의성이 없었다. 이상의 모든 검사 항목들의 그룹 내 및 그룹 간의 변화는 유의성이 있었다. 결론적으로 간헐 단식과 주열 병행 요법이 간 기능, 심혈관 및 지질 관련 혈액검사 수치는 영향을 받는 판단된다. 상기의 두 병행 요법이 자연치유적 관리에 유용하다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was conducted on the before and after changes of liver functions, cardiac vessel and cholesterol related values in combination of intermittent fasting and heating injection thermotherapy, targeting on 36 subjects in each group. Average examined value of positive and negative controls did not show significance (p<.05), which indicated that the homogeneity of the group was assured. Difference of the average examined values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in case of liver functions between C and S1 groups showed an asignificance, however difference between C and S2 groups showed a significance. Decrease difference of the values of γ-GTP (glutamic transpeptidase) between C group, S1 and S2 groups had a significance. Decrease difference of the values of uric acid between C group, S1 and S2 had an asignificance. Decrease difference of the values of CPK (creatine phosphokinase) and LDL (low density lipoprotein) between C, S1 and S2 groups had an asignificance. Decrease difference of the values of total cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein) between C, S1 and S2 groups had a significance. Difference of the average examined values of triglyceride between C and S1 groups showed a significance, however difference between C and S2 groups showed an asignificance. In terms of all parameters above as well, a significance (p< .001) was shown with in groups and between groups. In conclusion, the combination of intermittent fasting and heating injection thermotherapy showed effect of changing the level of the examined values. Therefore, it is assumed that the combined therapy is useful as a natural healing therapy.

Crude catechin extracts were prepared using ethyl acetate from Korean Puerariae Radix (PR) and their biological effects on the alcoholic liver damage were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old). Ethanol (5g ethanol/kg body weight/day) administration was performed for 8 weeks and after ethanol consuming rats were treated with one or two% catechin extracts of diet for 8 weeks. At the end of experimental period, lipid hydroperoxides in liver were analyzed using a chemiluminescence-high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC) method. Compared with control animals, ethanol consumed rats showed lighter body weights, lower ratios of liver/body weight, higher activities of GOT and GPT, and increased lipid hydroperoxide amount in liver. With one or two% catechin extracts treatment, GOT and GPT activities returned to normal ranges. Lipid hydroperoxide contents in liver of on or two% PR treated rats lowered to 20% or 25% respectively, compared with the levels of those ethanol consumed animals without catechin extracts treatment. Therefore, we concluded that on or two% PR crude catechins treatment could be effective for alcoholic liver damage caused by lipid peroxidation.

Background: This study aimed to characterize the marker compounds of Pueraria lobata new vines (PLNV) and evaluate their effects on alcohol metabolism and liver function in alcohol- treated rats. Methods and Results: Marker compounds in PLNV were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS, and the effects of PLNV were evaluated in alcohol-treated rats administered with PLNV at 100 or 300 mg/ kg. Puerarin, daidzin, and genistin were identified as marker compounds. Serum ethanol concentra- tions were significantly lower in the PLNV-300 group at 1 h and in both PLNV groups at 3 and 5 h, while serum acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly lower in both groups at all sampling times. Both PLNV groups showed significantly higher hepatic ADH and ALDH activities and lower serum ALT and AST activities than those of the EtOH group (control). Conclusions: PLNV administration was associated with lower serum ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations, higher hepatic ADH and ALDH activities, and lower serum ALT and AST activi- ties following alcohol administration.

Thirty six Hanwoo steers(average BW, 564.5±25.7kg; average age, approximately 23 months) were used to evaluate the effects of a mixture of eugenol(14%), thymol(1%) and malate(85%) on growth performance, beef quality and liver function in Hanwoo finishing steers fed ahigh-concentrate diet. A feeding trial was conducted for 7 months in National Agricultural Cooperative Federation farm located in Anseong, Korea. Steers were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: control (without additive supplementation), treatment 1(0.05% additive of concentrate), treatment 2(0.1% additiveof concentrate). The results of this study showed that initial and final BW averaged 564 and 755kg, respectively, and BW gain was significantly higher(P<0.05) for steers fed the additive mixture than for those fed no mixture(0.78 and 0.79 vs. 0.69kg/d, respectively). Serum aspartate aminotransferase in the T2 treatment was decreased during the 24 to 31 months of age. Although supplementation of additives resulted in no substantial effect on carcass characteristics, it had a potential effect to improve feed efficiency and AST concentration in Hanwoo finishing steers fed a high-concentrate diet. In conclusion, a mixture of eugenol, thymol and malate has shown promise in improving feed efficiency and liver function in the finishing phase of Hanwoo steers.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a crucial tumor suppressor involved in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, tumor initiation and progression, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and metabolism. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that LKB1 interacts directly with malic enzyme 3 (ME3) through the N-terminus of the enzyme and identified the binding regions necessary for this interaction. The binding activity was confirmed to promote the expression of ME3 in an LKB1-dependent manner and was also shown to induce apoptosis activity. Furthermore, LKB1 and ME3 overexpression upregulated the expression of tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and p21) and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)). Additionally, LKB1 and ME3 enhanced the transcription of p21 and p53 and inhibited the transcription of NF-κB. Moreover, LKB1 and ME3 suppressed the phosphorylation of various components of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that LKB1 promotes pro-apoptotic activities by inducing ME3 expression.

Comparative effect of oyster mushrooms on plasma, fecal lipid profiles, liver and kidney functions were evaluated in hyper and normocholesterolemic rats. The feeding of hypercholesterolemic rats with 5% powder of fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms i.e., Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and P. florida reduced the plasma total cholesterol level by 37%, 21% and 16%, respectively and triglyceride level by 45%, 24% and 14%, respectively. LDL/HDL ratio decreased by 64%, 45% and 41% for P. sajor-caju, P. ostreatus and P. florida fed rats, respectively. Mushroom feeding also reduced body weight in hypercholesterolemic rats. However, it had no adverse effect on plasma bilirubin, creatinin and urea nitrogen level. Mushroom feeding also increased the total lipid and cholesterol excretion through the feces. The present study reveals that feeding of 5% oyster mushroom powder do not have detrimental effects on the liver and kidneys rather may provide health benefits for the cardiovascular-related complication by decreasing the atherogenic lipid profiles.

도라지의 급이가 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐의 간기능과 지질대사에 미치는 영향 구명하기 위하여 SD계 숫흰쥐에게 동결건조한 도라지 분말 5%와 도라지 분말 5%에 해당하는 식물섬유, saponin, 에탄올 추출물을 각각 급이하여 3주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청효소 및 간장의 지질성분 분석, 간세포의 형태를 검토하였다. 혈청 중 AST, ALT효소활성은 대조군에 비해 전 실험군이 유의적으로 감소하였고 그 중 saponin 급이군이 가장 낮았고 그 다음이 식물 섬유군이었다. LDH효소 활성도 전 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 22년근 도라지의 식물 섬유군과 saponin군이 낮은 값을 보였다. 간장 중의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 4년근과 22년근 도라지 분말 및 식물섬유 급이군이 비교적 낮았으며, 중성지질 함량은 대조군이 비해 전 실험군에서 낮았으나, 각 실험군간의 차이는 크지 않았고, 인지직 함량은 전 실험군에 있어 비슷한 수준이었다. 간장 조직세포의 전자현미경 관철 결과, 대조군은 지방구가 증가되어 있는 반면 도라지 급이군에서는 감소되었으며, 22년근 도라지 급이군은 간장 글리코겐 축적량이 증가되어 있었다.

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding mixed with powders and extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum (4 or 22 years) on the lipid metabolism of liver in rats. After cholesterol-feorats of Sprague-Dawley strain were fed 5% level of frozen powder, fiber, saponin and ethanol extract for 3 weeks, the activity of enzymes related to liver function, liver tissue and lipid components of liver were examined. The activity of enzymes was significantly lower in the P. grandiflorum powder diet group than in control. The concentration of total cholesterol in liver was rather lower in powder and fiber diet group of each P. grandiflorum than in the other experimental groups, and triglyceride concentration was rather lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, while phospholipid was not significant. On observing through electromicroscope of liver tissue, there was showed to increase fat droplet in control group, but decrease fat droplet in all experimental groups, and glycogen was found to accumulate in rats fed twenty-two years P. grandiflorum.

암환자를 대상으로 TNA 투여에 있어서 Fish oil 함유 제제와 Non-fish oil 함유 제제의 간기능 임상수치 변화 비교

Comparison of Changes in Liver Function of the Fish Oil and Non-fish Oil based Total Parenteral Nutrition in Cancer Patients

In this study, we determined the effect of the mulberry leaf powder on blood lipid metabolism and liver function improvement of mice fed a high fat diet. The mulberry leaf showed a moisture content of $10.74{\pm}0.56%$, ash $9.67{\pm}0.56%$, crude protein $25.24{\pm}1.02%$, and crude fat $2.66{\pm}0.08%$. In the group with high fat diet supplemented with mulberry leaf powder, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower (p<0.05); also, serum phospholipid and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). Serum insulin and leptin levels were high in mice fed a high fat diet; however, addition of mulberry leaf powder 10% in the diet had no significant effect on blood insulin and leptin control. The results of the study suggested that various plant sterols in mulberry leaf improve lipid metabolism and liver function in ICR-mice.

This experiment was conducted to verify whether one time feeding of Lythrum salicaria root crude extract (LSR extract) exhibits liver protecting activities in acutely ethanol administrated rat. Experiment groups were composed of normal, negative control (alcohol control), 2 positive control (Hovenia dulcis extract 900 ㎎/kg and milk thisle 100 ㎎/kg),betulinic acid (20 ㎎/kg), a compound separated from LSR, and 3 LSR (100, 300, 900 ㎎/kg) groups. LSR treated groups showed decrease (p < 0.05) in serum triglyceride by dose-dependent manner. The content of serum albumin and the activity of ADH and ALDH in LSR extract fed rats were increased (p < 0.05) dependently on the administration amounts. Our study indicated that one time supplement of LSR downregulates oxidative stress and shows liver protective activity in the acute alcohol-fed rats.

Purpose: This study was performed in order to examine the effects of an smoking cessation counselling program for smoking cessation success. Method: Among a total of 468 persons who had ceased from smoking for 6-months and had visited the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center from January 2nd to December 31th in 2006, 61 in all who had a negative reaction in the urine nicotine check were selected for this study. Collected data were expiratory CO concentration, BMI, blood pressure, liver function, and lipid metabolism. These data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-test with the SPSS/PC(Version 12.0) program. Result: There were significant changes in expiratory CO concentration, SBP, DBP, AST, ALT, and TG, but not in BMI, γ-GTP, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Conclusion: This study showed that smoking cessation through a smoking cessation counselling program has partially positive effects for smoking cessation success. The results of this study show that the smoking cessation counselling program at the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center should be continued for smoking cessation success.

최근 임상에서 활용하고 있는 일체형 PET-MRI의 간암 진단능력을 평가하기 위해 $2{\times}2$ 판정행렬을 이용하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 실험대상의 PET-MRI 검사 결과를 통해 간암 판정 여부 즉 비정상과 정상 판정을 받은 경우는 각각 98건, 51건 이었으며, 세포병리학적 결과가 양성과 음성 판정을 받은 경우는 각각 103건, 62건으로 나타났다. 이 중 두가지 검사에서 진양성의 경우는 95건, 위양성은 3건으로 나타났으며, 진음성은 62건, 위음성의 경우는 5건으로 분석되었다. 실험결과 PET-MRI 검사의 예민도는 95.00%, 특이도는 95.38%, 위음성률은 0.05%, 위양성률은 0.05%, 정확도는 95.15%로 분석되었다. 따라서 간암의 진단에 있어 수술 전 병기 결정이나 치료 후 재발 및 원격전이의 발견, 불분명한 원발 림프절 전이 등의 평가 등에 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되며, 특히 병리학적 검사와의 복합적 진단 및 추적검사를 통해 간암 진단을 위한 PET-MRI 임상적 유용성은 충분할 것으로 사료된다.

To evaluate the capability of integrated PET-MRI, which has recently been utilized in the clinical practices, on the diagnosis of liver cancer, its utility was assessed by $2{\times}2$ decision matrix. The numbers of abnormal and normal decisions on the liver cancer were 98 and 51 cases, respectively, upon PET-MRI scan results of the subjects, and the numbers of positive and negative decisions were 103 and 62, respectively, upon cytopathologic results. Out of the two tests, 95 cases were shown as true-positive and 3 were false positive, while 62 were true negative and 5 were false negative. Upon the results of PET-MRI test, its sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and false positive rate were 95.00%, 95.38%, 0.05%, and 95.15%, respectively. Therefore, it is considered to have the high potential to use the determination of the stage before the surgery, detections of recurrence and remote metastasis, assessment of uncertain remote lymph node metastasis, and so on in the diagnosis of the liver cancer, and also for the clinical utility of PET-MRI to be sufficient by integrated diagnosis and follow up scan with pathological studies.

본 연구는 8주간의 복합운동 프로그램 적용 전·후 성인 여성의 신체 구성, 체력 및 간·지질·신장 관련 혈액 생화학적 지표의 변화 양상을 분석하고, 이러한 변화가 폐경 유무에 따라 차이를 보이는지를 비교하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상자는 W시에 소재한 Y센터를 방문한 성인 여성 중 연구 목적 과 절차를 이해하고 자발적으로 연구 참여에 동의한 자로, 폐경 전 여성 18명과 폐경 후 여성 18명, 총 36명이었다. 모든 대상자에게 동일한 복합운동 프로그램을 8주간 적용하였으며, 운동 중재 전·후로 신 체 구성, 체력 및 혈액 생화학적 지표를 측정하였다. 전체 대상자의 전·후 변화는 Wilcoxon 부호순위 검정을 이용하여 분석하였고, 폐경 유무에 따른 변화 양상의 차이는 연령을 공변량으로 보정한 공분산분 석을 통해 검토하였다. 그 결과, 신체 구성에서는 체지방률이 유의하게 감소하였다. 체력 요소에서는 근 지구력, 심폐지구력, 유연성 및 민첩성이 운동 중재 후 유의한 향상을 보였다. 혈액 생화학적 지표 중에 서는 중성지방과 혈중 요소질소가 감소하였고, 총 빌리루빈은 증가하는 변화 양상이 관찰되었다. 반면, 체중, 체질량지수, 골격근량 및 일부 간·신장 기능 지표에서는 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않 았다. 연령을 보정한 분석 결과, 신체 구성, 체력 및 혈액 생화학적 지표 전반에서 폐경 전·후 여성 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 8주간의 복합운동이 성인 여성의 신체 구성 과 체력, 일부 대사 관련 지표에서 전·후 변화를 유도할 수 있음을 시사하며, 폐경 유무와 관계없이 유 사한 변화 양상이 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다.

Objectives This study examined the effects of an 8-week combined exercise program on physical fitness and liver-, lipid-, and kidney-related blood biochemical markers in adult women, and explored whether exercise responses differed according to menopausal status after adjusting for age. Methods Thirty-six adult women (premenopausal, n = 18; postmenopausal, n = 18) participated in an identical 8-week combined exercise program. Body composition, physical fitness, and blood biochemical markers were measured before and after the intervention. Pre–post changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and differences according to menopausal status were examined using age-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results After the intervention, body fat percentage decreased, while muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and agility significantly improved (p < .05). Triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen decreased, whereas total bilirubin increased (p < .05). After adjusting for age, no significant differences in changes in body composition, physical fitness, or blood biochemical markers were observed between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (p > .05). Conclusions An 8-week combined exercise program was associated with favorable changes in physical fitness and selected metabolic markers in adult women, with similar response patterns regardless of menopausal status.

This study was conducted to evaluate the status of drinking and effect of health promotion program on alcohol consumption in painting company workers in Busan, Korea. Self administered questionnaire, asking attitude towards alcohol consumption was administered to 280 workers from one painting company and we also measured blood sugar level, cholesterol level, liver enzyme function. Those were conducted two times before and after carrying out the drinking reduction program. We reviewed the current alcohol consumption status of 280 workers through frequency analysis. And we also evaluated difference of drinking behavior and liver enzyme function before and after the drinking reduction program in painting company workers. Liver enzyme function difference was analyzed through paired T-test by using SPSS 12.0K program. Painting company workers answered that the drinking reduction program was helpful(74.6%) and workers' indifference and company culture towards alcohol consumption were major obstacles for moderate drinking. 52.3% of workers answered that they intended to reduce alcohol consumption and 31.5% of workers maintain moderate drinking behavior. Difference of liver enzyme function before and after drinking reduction program had statistically significance in GPT(p=.001) and r-GTP(p=.070). This study demonstrated that the drinking reduction program is effective for moderate drinking behavior and alcohol-related liver impairment. In association of drinking problem, it is important to invent various effective tools for moderate drinking behavior such as employee assistance program, supportive culture of company for problem drinking.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic exercise frequency on lipids profile and liver function as well as creatine phosphokinase(CPK) activity in dyslipidemia elderly women. For the purpose, the subjects of this study were assigned into three groups, who the first was 3 times/week exercise group (3-EG, n=8), the second was 6 times/week exercise group (6-EG, n=8), and the last was 12 times/week exercise group (12-EG, n=7). The aerobic exercise programs were operated on warm-up (10min), work-out (30~50min), and cool-down (10min) for 24 weeks. The results were as follows : At first, TG, HDL-C as well as LDL-C were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At second, AST and ALT were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At last, the level of CPK was no significantly different among groups. Therefore, we summarize the results that aerobic exercise was improvement lipids profile and liver function in all groups. But, weekly exercise frequency were more effective in 6-EG more than other groups on protection and improvement on dyslipidemia as well as liver function.

The traditional K-Means clustering is sensitive to random selection of initial cluster centroids, easily into the local optimal solution. In this paper, an efficient aggregation algorithm which combined with Artificial bee colony and K-Means algorithm is proposed to apply to the diagnosis of liver function. The algorithm reduced the dependence on the initial cluster centroids and the probability to be trapped by local optimal solution, thus assigning data points to their appropriate cluster more efficient. The experimental results show that algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to the K-Means clustering in diagnosis of liver function.

The extension of healthy life expectancy as well as average life expectancy in modern societies has become a very important social issue. In particular, functional foods rather than medicines for extending the healthy life is becoming a very important issue. For this, in this paper, we will study the efficiency of drinking the lacquer beverage which is a kind of functional foods that help to improve liver function using speech signal analysis. Usually, molar pronunciation becomes clumsily according to Korean Oriental Medicine diagnosis theory if the liver function is improved. Therefore, we will investigate the change of 3 formant frequency bandwidth which is associated with a molar pronunciation through the drinking of the lacquer beverage before and after. Finally, the effectiveness of this research is demonstrated by several experiments.