Earticle

주가는 기업의 가치를 반영하고 있는 대표적인 지표이다. 주가의 예측은 기업의 영업실적외에 타 요인도 존재한다. 본 연구는 Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear 기반 모델을 활용하여 예측 기간별 성능이 가장 뛰어난 모델을 파악하고자 한다. 2022년 12 월 31 일 기준 시가총액 상위 5개 기업을 선별하여 3년, 5년, 7년 종가 데이터를 수집했다. 예측결과 3년 데이터는 D-Linear, 5, 7년 데이터는 N-Linear 모델의 성능이 가장 우수했다. 두 모델은 COVID -19 라는 변수에도 불구하고, 예측성능이 뛰어난 시계열 예측 모델임을 확인하였다.

오늘날 우리는 원인으로 결과를 예측할 수 있는 선형시대를 넘어, 원인으로부터 결과를 예측할 수 없는 비선형의 패러다임 앞에 놓여있다. 비선형이 일상화된 것이다. 동양예술의 창의성도 이 패러다임의 측면에서 고찰할 필요가 대두되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 비선형 시대에서의 동양예술의 창의성 고찰이다. 연구순서는 ①선형과 비선형 에 대한 기본적인 이해를 구한다. ②선형적 창작 태도로서의 ‘知·好·樂’, 창작 결과로서 의 ‘能·妙·神’에 대해 파악한다. ③비선형적 창작 태도로서의 ‘狂’과 창작 결과로서 ‘逸’ 을 고찰한다. ④둘을 종합하여 비선형시대의 창작 태도로서의 狂과 逸의 중요성과 그 역할에 대해 파악하였다. 선형적 창작태도는 논어 옹야 20장 ‘아는 것은 좋아하는 것만 못하고, 좋아하는 것은 즐기는 것만 못하다’에서의 ‘知·好·樂’에서 그 의미를 파악하였다. 연구결과, 知의 단계는 기법을 충실하게 습득한 후 창작을 하는 단계, 好의 단계는 기법을 아는 것을 넘어 창작하는 자체를 좋아하는 단계, 樂(락)의 단계는 기법을 알고 좋아하는 단계를 넘어 즐기면서 창작을 하는 단계라고 파악하였다. 비선형적 창작태도로서의 광(狂)은 다른 생각과 다른 행동 그리고 몰입을 통해 순수했던 자신의 본성으로 돌아가거나, 본성을 되찾기 위한 다리로 파악하였다. 선형 적 창작결과는 북송(北宋)의 황휴복(黃休復)이 『익주명화록 益州名畫錄』에서 우열을 나눈 能·妙·神·逸4격 중 能·妙·神으로 파악하였다. 연구결과, 能品은 그리고자 하는 대상의 모습이 그림에 온전히 표현되어 있는 것이고, 妙品은 온전한 형상과 더불어 작 가의 성품·마음·표현의도가 전해지는 것을 의미한다. 神品은 대상의 형상과 작가의 정 신을 모두 갖추었으되 그 경지가 높은 작품이라고 파악하였다. 비선형적 창작결과로서 의 일(逸)은 필이 간략해도 형태는 갖추어지며, 자연에서 얻고, 본뜰 수 없으며, 유법 을 넘어 예상 밖에서 나오는 걸작(逸品)이다. 결국 知·好·樂의 창작 태도로 유법을 완성하고, 몰입을 통한 狂이라는 다리를 통 해 逸이라는 창작결과에 도달하게 된다. 즉 逸의 창작결과는 원인으로 결과를 예측할 수 없는 비선형적인 과정을 거친다. 즉, 狂은 逸로 가기 위한 다리이고, 逸은 狂의 태 도가 만든 결과라고 말할 수 있다. 비선형적인 상황이 일상화된 오늘날, 예술가들이 복 원할 수 있는 狂의 진취성은 창작예술의 중요한 요소이다.

Today, the age of linear thinking, when we could predict outcomes from causes, has ended, and we are facing an age of non-linear thinking in which causes are not the basis for predicting the outcomes. Non-linearity has become the norm. Understanding the creative aspects of Eastern art must also be approached from this paradigm shift. The main purpose of this study is to review the creative nature of Eastern art in the age of non-linearity. Its order is as follows: (1) gain a basic understanding of linearity and non-linearity; (2) identify the Ji(知, know-how), Ho(好, liking), and Lac(樂, enjoying) of the linear creative attitude, and the Neong(能, skillful), Meo(妙, beguiling), and Shin(神, divine) of the creative result; (3) study the Gwang(狂, crazy) of non-linear creative attitude and the Il(逸, masterpiece) of the creative result; and (4) combine the two in (3) to understand the importance and role of Gwang(狂) and Il(逸) as the creative attitude in the age of non-linearity. The meaning of linear creative attitude was identified in the Ji(知), Ho (好), and Lac(樂) in The Analects of Confucius Yongye Chapter 20, which states, “To know is not as good as liking, and liking is not as good as enjoying.” There search results identified the Ji(知) stage to be the point in time techniques are faithfully acquired and then creation occurs, the Ho(好) stage as where one surpasses simply knowing techniques and likes the act itself of creating, and the Lac(樂) stage as where one, surpassing knowing and liking techniques, enjoys creating. Gwang(狂) as a non-linear creative attitude was identified as a return to one’s own innocent nature through different thoughts, actions, and immersion—or the bridge to reclaim one’s nature. Linear creative results were identified as the Neong(能), Meo(妙), and Shin(神) from the four classes of Neong(能), Meo(妙), Shin(神), and Il(逸) described in Yi zhou Minghuala by Huang Xiufu(黃休復) of the Northern Song Dynasty (北宋). The research results identified skilled pieces(能品) as those that wholly express the image of the subject that is painted, and beguiling pieces(妙 品) as those where the character, spirit, and intent of the artist is conveyed in addition to the whole image. Divine pieces(神品), on the other hand, were found to be those that not only had the form of the subject and the spirit of the artist but also were of an exceptionally high level. Il(逸) as a non-linear creative result was a masterpiece(逸品) that had form even though the strokes were simple, was gained from nature, could not be imitated, and had surpassed laws to come from the unexpected. Ultimately, the creative attitudes of Ji(知), Ho(好), and Lac(樂) complete the laws, and the creative result of Il(逸) is achieved through the bridge of Gwang(狂)—that is, the creative result of Il(逸) goes through a non-linear process where the cause cannot predict the outcome. Therefore, Gwang(狂) is a bridge to arrive at Il(逸), and Il(逸) can be said to be the result of the attitude of Gwang(狂). Today, when non-linear situations have become the norm, the progressiveness of Gwang(狂) that artists can reproduce is an important element of creative arts.

21세기의 공항여건에 적합한 기존 공항 인프라 확충 및 신공항계획시 건축계획적인 측면에서 공항 터미널 평면형태 유 형에 관한 유용한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 국내 15개 공항과 해외 60개 공항의 터미널 평면형태 유형을 사례조사 하 였다. 사례조사 결과 국내공항은 인천공항은 운송형(Transporters Type)터미널, 김포, 김해, 제주공항은 선형(Linear Type)터 미널, 그 외 지방 공항은 단순형(Simple Type)터미널로 조사되었다. 또한 해외공항의 경우 중대형 규모의 공항은 피어 형과 선형터미널이 80%이상을 차지하고 있으며 대형공항은 피어형터미널이 70%이상이며 초대형공항은 혼합형(Hybrid Type)이 70%를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 결과를 토대도 향후 제주공항과 김해공항이 시설 확충이나 신공항계획시 예상되 는 여객수요를 고려한다면 피어형 또는 피어형과 선형의 혼합형 터미널이 적합할 것으로 분석되었다.

This study made a case research on the types of terminal block plan concept in fifteen domestic airports and sixty foreign airports to provide useful basic data related to the types of airport terminal block plan concept in relation to the infrastructure expansion of the existing airport, suitable for airport conditions in the 21st century and the aspects of architectural design when new airports were planned. As a result of a case research, it was identified that an transporter terminal was in used at Incheon Airport, whereas a liner terminal was used at Gimpo Airport, Gimhae Airport and Jeju Airport. A simple terminal was used at other local airports in Korea. On the other hand, in case of foreign airports, a pier terminal and a linear terminal was used at more than 80% of the medium - large scale airport, while a pier terminal was in use at more than 70% of the large scale airport. A hybrid terminal was used at about 70% of the mega-scale airport. If the expected passenger demand when facilities were expanded at Jeju Airport and Gimhae Airport or new airports were planned was considered based on the study results, it was analyzed that a pier terminal or a hybrid terminal that a pier and a linear type were mixed.

환경에 미치는 부정적인 영향으로 인해 화석 연료를 효과적으로 대체할 수 있는 태양광 에너지에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 태양광 에너지를 효율적으로 운영하기 위해 최근 딥러닝을 사용하여 미래의 발전량을 예측하고 있으나, 발전량은 날씨, 시간대와 같은 외부 요인에 크게 의존하기 때문에 정확한 예측을 제공하는 것은 여전히 도전적인 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 보다 정확한 발전량 예측을 제공하기 위해 멀티 헤드 어텐션을 사용하여 LSTM과 선형 모델을 결합한 하이브리드 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 각 선형 모델이 시계열 특징의 추세와 불규칙성을 포착할 수 있기 때문에 예측 정확도를 개선하고 더 풍부한 시계열 특징을 학습할 수 있다. 광범위한 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안된 모델은 다른 예측 모델보다 약 10% 정도 성능이 우수하였으며, 절제 연구를 통해 멀티 헤드 어텐션에 기반하여 세 가지 모델을 결합하는 것이 추세와 불규칙성을 고려하는데 가장 효과적인 방법임을 확인하였다.

Due to the negative impact on the environment, the demand for solar energy, which can effectively replace fossil fuels, is increasing. In order to operate solar energy efficiently, deep learning has been used recently to predict future power generation, but it is still a challenge to provide accurate predictions because the power generation greatly depends on external factors such as weather and time of day. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model that combines LSTM and Linear models using Multi-Head Attention to provide more accurate predictions. The proposed model can improve prediction accuracy and learn richer time series features because each Linear model can capture trends and irregularities in time series features. We conducted extensive experiments, and the results showed that the proposed model outperformed other prediction models by about 10%, and the ablation study confirmed that combining three models based on Multi-Head Attention is the most effective way to consider trends and irregularities.

The effectiveness of vibration control using Linear Quadratic Gaussian(LQG) method applied in the base isolated building is investigated. The robust stability of the closed loop system measured by phase and gain margin is also studied to verify its demerit. Since the base isolated building exhibits the largest relative displacements in the base isolator, the control target is to reduce them by aid of the LGQ method. The closed loop control system consists of an actuator located in the base isolated floor and an observer. The observer used to estimate all the states, floor displacements in this case, based on the measured state is found to be the most effective when located in the base isolated floor. The results indicated that the LGQ hybrid control method using only one measured displacement suppressed effectively the relative displacement in the base isolated floor compared to the responses from Linear Quadratic(LQ) control method where all the states should be measured. This LQG control system, however, loses all the system stability margin and robustness due to the Kalman filter adapted in its algorithm.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a LQG Hybrid controller to suppress the earthquake disturbance for the building structure. The ground acceleration of N-S component of El-Centro earthquake is scaled to confirm that the building behaves within the elastic range. The tuned mass damper(TMD) on the top floor regulated by LQG algorithm is designed to control the floor displacements. The displacement responses of the hybrid control are compared with those obtained from an active control along with a passive control. The results showed that the LQG hybrid control used approximately 50% less input forces than an active control to satisfy the performance criteria.

The purpose of this research is to study methods for performing transition that have visual representation of corresponding animations with no bounce in subsequently recognized user information when attempting to interact with a virtual 3D character in real-time using user motion. If the transitions of the animation are needed owing to a variety of external environments, continuous recognition of user information is required to correspond to the motion. The proposed method includes linear interpolation of the transition using cross-fades and blending techniques. The normalized playing time of the source animation was utilized for automatically calculating the transition interpolation length of the target animation and also as the criteria in selecting the crossfades and blending techniques. In particular, in the case of blending, the weighting value based on the degree of similarity between two animations is used as a blending parameter. Accordingly, transitions for visually excellent animation are performed on interactive holographic projection systems.

The current study was conducted to examine the temporal and spatial activation sequences related to morphosyntactic, semantic and orthographic-lexical sentences, focusing on the morphological-orthographic and lexical-semantic deviation processes in Korean language processing. The Event-related Potentials (ERPs) of 15 healthy students were adopted to explore the processing of head-final critical words in a sentential plausibility task. Specifically, it was examined whether the ERP-pattern to orthographic-lexical violation might show linear precedence over other processes, or the presence of additivity across combined processing components. For the morphosyntactic violation, fronto-central LAN followed by P600 was found, while semantic violation elicited N400, as expected. Activation of P600 was distributed in the left frontal and central sites, while N400 appeared even in frontal sites other than the centro-parietal areas. Most importantly, the orthographic-lexical violation process revealed by earlier N2 with fronto-central activity was shown to be complexes of morphological and semantic functions from the same critical word. The present study suggests that there is a linear precedence over the morphological deviation and its lexical semantic processing based on the immediate possibility of lexical information, followed by sentential semantics. Finally, late syntactic integration processes were completed, showing different topographic activation in order of importance of ongoing sentential information.

The linear instability of reacting shear flow is analyzed with special emphasis on the effects of the heat release and variable transport properties. Both analytic profiles and laminar solutions of the boundary-layer equations are used as base flows. The growth rates of the instabilities are sensitive to the laminar profiles, differing by more than a factor of 2 according to which profile is used. Thus, it is important to base the analysis on accurate laminar profiles. Accounting for variable transport properties also changes the mean profiles considerably, and so including them in the computation of the laminar profiles is equally important. At larger heat release, two modes that are stronger in the outer part of the shear layer have the highest growth rates; they also have shorter wavelengths than the center mode.

This paper investigates the performance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) multicell networks with repulsively deployed base stations (BSs), via the β-Ginibre point process (β-GPP) where β adjusts the BS repulsion. In particular, this study analytically expresses the SINR distributions and validates the results via extensive simulations. Further, this paper empirically demonstrates that the effects of BS repulsion can be well modeled via linear regression (LR) and this LR-based approach can be also quite simply approximated as the convex combination (CC) of the two extreme cases of β→0 and β=1. Therefore, the proposed CC approximation can significantly reduce the time for calculating the SINR distributions in β-GPP mmWave multicell networks.

The profound impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment emphasizes the substantial human and economic losses result-ing from structural collapses. Many researchers in this field highlight the longstanding societal challenge posed by earthquakes and under-score the imperative to minimize such losses. Over the decades, researchers have dedicated efforts to seismic design, focusing on improv-ing structural performance to mitigate earthquake-induced damages. This has led to the development of various structural analysis methods. In this research, a specific RC frame structure (401 Bldg.) at Kyungpook National University that is designed for educational purposes, serves as a representative case. This research employs SAP 2000 for simulation, aiming to assess the structural performance under seismic condi-tions, focusing on evaluating the structural behavior under different column orientations. This research utilizes RSA (Response Spectrum Analysis) to comprehensively examine parameters of displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and story drift. Referring to the results from RSA, this research also assesses the structural performance using LTHA (Linear Time History Analysis) by conducting synthetic frequency domain and synthetic time domain analyses based on the seismic wave from the Kobe 1995 earthquake (Abeno). Based on the findings from the discussions, this research is expected to be a valuable reference for structural design within seismic resistance and the seismic reinforcement of existing RC frame structures.

The paper considers the challenges involved in measuring the similarities between time series, such as time shifts and the mixture of frequencies. To improve recognition accuracy, we investigate an improved linear dynamical system for discovering prominent features by exploiting the evolving dynamics and correlations in a time series, as the quality of unsupervised pattern recognition relies strongly on the extracted features. The proposed approach yields a set of compact extracted features that boosts the accuracy and reliability of clustering for time series data. Experimental evaluations are carried out on time series applications from the scientific, socio-economic, and business domains. The results show that our method exhibits improved clustering performance compared to conventional methods. In addition, the computation time of the proposed approach increases linearly with the length of the time series.

Background: The modelling of lactation curve provides guidelines in formulating farm managerial practices in dairy cows. The aim of the present study was to determine the suitable non-linear model which most accurately fitted to lactation curves of five lactations in 134 Gir crossbred cows reared in Research-Cum- Development Project (RCDP) on Cattle farm, MPKV (Maharashtra). Four models viz. gamma-type function, quadratic model, mixed log function and Wilmink model were fitted to each lactation separately and then compared on the basis of goodness of fit measures viz. adjusted R2, root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike’s Informaion Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Results: In general, highest milk yield was observed in fourth lactation whereas it was lowest in first lactation. Among the models investigated, mixed log function and gamma-type function provided best fit of the lactation curve of first and remaining lactations, respectively. Quadratic model gave least fit to lactation curve in almost all lactations. Peak yield was observed as highest and lowest in fourth and first lactation, respectively. Further, first lactation showed highest persistency but relatively higher time to achieve peak yield than other lactations. Conclusion: Lactation curve modelling using gamma-type function may be helpful to setting the management strategies at farm level, however, modelling must be optimized regularly before implementing them to enhance productivity in Gir crossbred cows.

Pulsatile flow of a two-phase model for blood flow through arterial stenosis is analyzed through a mathematical analysis. The effects of pulsatility, stenosis, peripheral layer and non-Newtonian behavior of blood, assuming the blood in the core region as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid and the plasma in the peripheral layer as a Newtonian fluid, are discussed. A perturbation method is used to solve the resulting system of non-linear quasi-steady differential equations. The expressions for velocity, wall shear stress, plug core radius, flow rate and resistance to flow are obtained. It is noticed that the plug core radius and resistance to flow increase as the stenosis size increases while all other parameters held constant. The wall shear stress increases with the increase of yield stress while keeping other parameters as invariables. It is observed that the velocity increases with the axial distance in the stenosed region of the tube upto the maximum projection of the stenosis.

This technical paper proposes an activation function, self-gated rectified linear unit (SGReLU), to achieve high classification accuracy, low loss, and low computational time. Vanishing gradient problem, dying ReLU, noise vulnerability are also resolved in our proposed SGReLU function. SGReLU’s performance is evaluated on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and Imagenet datasets and compared with seven highly effective activation functions. We obtained that the proposed SGReLU outperformed other activation functions in most cases in VGG16, Inception v3, and ResNet50. In VGG16 and Inception v3, it achieved an accuracy of 90.87% and 95.01%, respectively, exceeding other functions with the second-fastest computing time in these networks.