Earticle

Purpose: Since anticancer medication nursing is an evaluation area for accreditation by medical institutions in Korea, all clinical nurses are required to attend an annual classroom lecture. However, it is necessary to reconsider the methods and effects of this requirement. This study was conducted to develop a web-based anticancer chemotherapy nursing course for clinical nurses and to examine its effectiveness in terms of job knowledge, self-efficacy, and nursing performance. Methods: A randomized controlled design using random selection was utilized. The content was developed into 5 modules featuring basic and advanced learning, and the total learning time was 80 minutes. To test the effect of the multimedia contents, a randomized control group pretest-posttest study design was adopted. Clinical nurses with less than five years of experience were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital and randomly assigned to an experimental (n=28) or control (n=28) group. The experimental group autonomously learned web-based anticancer chemotherapy nursing for two weeks through a website. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the job knowledge of the experimental group receiving the classroom lecture (p=.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in self-efficacy (p=.055) and nursing performance (p=.359). Conclusion: This study found that web-based self-learning could be a useful learning strategy for the anticancer chemotherapy and nursing education that clinical nurses must complete annually. However, it is necessary to verify the effect on self-efficacy and nursing performance through repeated studies.

The rapid growth of web applications has increased the need for advanced features and strong security. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models play a crucial role in meeting these needs by improving efficiency and enhancing security. However, integrating these models into web applications can be challenging due to complex implementation and potential security risks. This paper compares Python and Node.js, two popular technology stacks, to determine their effectiveness in integrating ML models into web applications. It also explores the role of web application firewalls (WAF) and the ML algorithms that support them, analyzing current trends in their use and adoption. The overarching objective is to discern the technology stack that provides superior support for back-end ML integration and to identify the ML algorithms that are most effective in enhancing WAF capabilities against sophisticated security threats. By offering a synthesis of technical and security insights, this research seeks to empower developers and cybersecurity practitioners with the knowledge required to make well-informed decisions regarding technology stack selection and the implementation of ML-driven security mechanisms in web application development.

Web applications are indispensable in the software industry and continuously evolve either meeting a newer criteria and/or including new functionalities. However, despite assuring quality via testing, what hinders a straightforward development is the presence of defects. Several factors contribute to defects and are often minimized at high expense in terms of man-hours. Thus, detection of fault proneness in early phases of software development is important. Therefore, a fault prediction model for identifying fault-prone classes in a web application is highly desired. In this work, we compare 14 machine learning techniques to analyse the relationship between object oriented metrics and fault prediction in web applications. The study is carried out using various releases of Apache Click and Apache Rave datasets. En-route to the predictive analysis, the input basis set for each release is first optimized using filter based correlation feature selection (CFS) method. It is found that the LCOM3, WMC, NPM and DAM metrics are the most significant predictors. The statistical analysis of these metrics also finds good conformity with the CFS evaluation and affirms the role of these metrics in the defect prediction of web applications. The overall predictive ability of different fault prediction models is first ranked using Friedman technique and then statistically compared using Nemenyi post-hoc analysis. The results not only upholds the predictive capability of machine learning models for faulty classes using web applications, but also finds that ensemble algorithms are most appropriate for defect prediction in Apache datasets. Further, we also derive a consensus between the metrics selected by the CFS technique and the statistical analysis of the datasets.

The new paradigm called the web 2.0 recently appeared in the web environment. We pay attention to the positive effects which may be brought about by application of the web 2.0 to e-learning; we think that it can improve problem solving skills of learners and reinforce their creativity. But until now, e-learning model, which understood the web 2.0 concept completely, has been never developed. In this context, we propose the web 2.0-based e-learning platform which induces all the courses for education such as the selection of topic, preparation of lecture schedule and contents, teaching and learning, to be decided by participants. We believe that this platform can replace or supplement the e-learning of web 1.0 age, and realize the positive effects.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of web-based cyber instruction on EFL learning from the viewpoint of learners` perceptions and needs. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey that was carried out with 709 undergraduate student enrolled in three cyber English courses offered at N university during the secind semester in 2004. The results of the study indicated that the learners exhibited a positive attitude towards web-based cyber instruction and considered it a paper educational method in the cyber age. However, the students perceived that web-based cyber instruction was not greatly satisfactory in terms of cultivating their English communicative competence or improving the language skills they needed. It was also found that cyber instruction was still teacher-dominant, lacking in interaction, which made the students passive recipients of informaton presented. In comparison with off-line instruction, cyber instruction was not particularly better in enhancing their motivation interest or concentration on class. To be more effective, cyber instruction needs to be equipped not only with a large variety of contents and class activities, but also with more exposure to authentic language by native English speakers. The finding of the investigation yield some implications for the design and development of web-based cyber EFL programs.

This study was conducted to develop Web-based multimedia content that assists undergraduate students in a clinical practicum on adult nursing. The study examined whether students in the intervention group could obtain clinical knowledge and perform more effectively when encouraged to learn Web content as compared with students in the conventional group. Web-based multimedia content consisting of 13 learning modules was developed based on real patients' scenarios through collaboration among college professors. A total of 120 nursing students (74 for the intervention and 46 for the conventional groups) from two universities in G-city, who engaged in a 3-week long clinical practicum in the digestive and respiratory units of a university hospital, participated in the study. Students' knowledge, self-directed learning, and clinical performance ability were measured using self-administered questionnaires. Data for pre- and posttests were collected over a 2-month period, between May and June of 2009. Clinical knowledge and self-reported clinical performance scores were significantly higher in students using the Web-enhanced clinical practicum than in those in the conventional group. However, there was no significant difference in self-directed learning ability between the 2 groups. These results demonstrate that Web-based multimedia content can be an effective educational tool for enhancing students' clinical knowledge and performance.

본 연구에서는 S-러닝, 소셜 네트워크 서비스, 웹3.0 등의 최신 정보 기술 기반 교육에 대한 교사의 인식과 태도에 대한 조사를 하고자 한다. 우선 새로운 정보기술의 변화 인식, 최신 정보기술의 교육적 필요성, 정보기술의 교육적 영향에 대해 초등학교 교사를 대상으로 조사하였다. 분석 결과 그러한 최신 기술들에 대한 인식과 이해도는 낮았으나, 최신 기술을 활용한 교육이 중요하고 교육에 미치는 영향이 크다고 생각하였다. 또한 최신 IT의 교육적 활용 의지 및 최신 기술에 대한 연수에 대한 의욕은 높게 나타났다. 반면 관련 업무를 담당하거나 학생들의 교육에 적용하는 것에 대해서는 두려워하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 세대에 따라 다른 경향을 보였다. 이러한 연구는 향후 21세기 정보교육의 방향을 정하고 정착시키기 위한 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this paper is a study of survey about teachers' attitude and recognition of education using newest information technology such as s-learning, social network and Web 3.0. We researched for elementary school teachers about recognition of the newest IT trend, educational necessity and effect of the newest IT. As a result, recognition and understanding of the newest IT is low but teachers think that effect of education using the newest IT is very high. Moreover, they have a lot of will for using the newest IT devices and training about the newest IT. However, it shows that they are diffident of taking charge of the newest IT and teaching for students using it. Also, the results showed different tendency as generations. This study would be a important role for deciding on direction of informatics education for 21C.

본 연구의 목적은 일본어 중급 단계 학습자들에게 NHK「NEWS WEB EASY」라는 온라인 사이트를 소개하고, 오프라인 수업에서 「NEWS WEB EASY」의 기사를 활용한 수업설계방안을 통해 블랜디드러닝의 효과적인 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 본고에서는 「NEWS WEB EASY」를 활용한 블랜디드러닝을 통하여 첫째, 다양한 어휘 학습능 력을 배양하고. 둘째, 다양한 분야의 기사를 통해 일본문화 및 일본사정을 익히고. 셋째, 기사별 리스닝 파일을 통해 자연스럽게 리스닝 트레이닝을 실시하고, 넷째, 후리가나가 없는 파일을 학습자들에게 배포, 검색하게 함으로 한자 읽기 연습 및 어휘실력 향상에 도움을 주고. 다섯째, 낭독연습을 통하여 스피킹 실력을 향상시키는 방법에 대하여 제시하였 다. 「NEWS WEB EASY」를 활용한 학습을 통해 어렵다는 선입견으로 접할 수 없었던 뉴스기사를 학습함에 따라 일본을 이해하고 일본어 실력향상에 많은 도움이 되었다는 사실을 알 수 있었다 .

The purpose of this study is to introduce the NHK「NEWS WEB EASY」online site to intermediate level learners of Japanese language, and to teach effective methods of Blended Learning through the lesson planning method using「NEWS WEB EASY」Suggesting. First, this paper helped students cultivate various vocabulary learning ability through Blended Learning using「NEWS WEB EAS Y」, Second, helped them learn about Japanese culture and Japan through various articles, Third, helped them naturally perform listening training through listening files, Fourth, helped them practice reading Kanji and improve vocabulary skills by distributing the files without Furigana to them for search, and Fifth, showed them how to improve speaking ability by reading practice through learning using「NEWS WEB EASY」. We could learn the fact that the study helped students a lot understand Japan and improve their Japanese ability by learning news articles that they could not come across due to prejudice through learning using「NEWS WEB EASY」.

How can action learning program promote organizational learning performance and especially project based team performance in Web-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? This article discusses the association between project based team in action learning program and the performance of Web-based SME to be learning organization. In the case of ALPACO, action learning program that promote employee communication behavior, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning are found to be positively associated with the project based team performance and organizational learning. The results indicate that action learning program in SMEs indeed associated with greater knowledge sharing, learning communication skills and changing organizational culture. Learning organization can be, in turn, positively developed by project based team through action learning program for creating competitive advantage. Also, this study offers further support for the practical perspective on learning organization performance. The evidence from this case study suggests that the project team in action learning program play a significant role in team performance and the development of learning organization of the firm. Therefore, in the future, Web-based SMEs should consider making investments in action learning program that encourage project team’s effective management in decision making, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning.

Automated Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is crucial for streamlining processes, ensuring consistency, and adapting to changes, thereby enhancing a website's overall success and visibility in the competitive online landscape. This research introduces a dataset and a baseline method for classifying website SEO ranks into three categories. Using 26 keywords, data was collected from 780 web pages across various Google rankings, and 36 ranking factors were employed to predict their rank. Key considerations for webpage preparation include anchor text, backlinks, Ref Domain, unique visits, and text length. The Random Forest model exhibited superior performance, achieving an average accuracy of 72% in predicting actual search rankings. The significance of this automated approach lies in identifying web pages requiring SEO improvements, leading to enhanced search engine rankings.

이 연구의 목적은 프로젝트 기반 학습을 통한 학습자의 학업 성취도와 학습자 상호 작용에 대한 효과를 알아보고 자했다. 학습자 상호 작용의 경우, 학습의 장(場), 즉 다양한 기술 환경 속에서의 학습자 의사소통 유형에 초점을 두었다. 본 연구는 2018년 3월부터 6월까지 주 3시간 교양영어 수강생 80명을 대상으로 카카오 톡과 LMS (학습 관리 시스템)을 통한 학습자 상호 작용의 효과에 관해 연구하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 프로젝트 기반 학습과 의사소통 유형에 따른 학습자 상호 작용은 카카오 톡 활용 그룹과 LMS (학습 관리 시스템) 그룹 간에는 유의 한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 1)프로젝트 기반 학습과 의사소통 유형에 따른 학습자 상호 작용, 2) 프로젝트 기반 학습과 의사소통 유형에 따른 학습자 학업 성취도 모두 카카오 토크 활용 그룹의 결과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 디지털 네이티브인 요즘 학생들에게 Kakao talk 은 학습활동의 문제 해결 및 소통, 자료의 업로드 및 공유의 가장 좋은 환경이라는 것을 나타내 주는 결과이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learners' academic achievement and learner interaction through project - based learning. In the case of interaction, we focused on the field of learning, that is, the learner's communication style in various technical environments. The subjects of this study were 80 learners who took a 3-hour elective English language learning course at a university in Korea. This study is to investigate the effect of learner interaction through KakaoTalk and LMS (Learning Management System). As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between learner interaction by project - based learning and communication type and kakao talk utilization group and LMS (Learning Management System) group. 1) The results of the kakao talk utilization group were significant in both the learner interaction and the learner's academic achievement according to the project - based learning and communication type. For current digital native learners, Kakao Talk is the result of the fact that it is the optimal environment for problem solving, communication, and uploading and sharing of educational activities.

The online grammar materials and program help to encourage students to learn tedious English grammar effectively. They cover grammar quiz and editing function with various visual images; the attention has been paid to teaching and learning grammar through technologies. Online grammar materials and program were analyzed for this study and 118 intermediate level of university students were participated in this present experiment. The study adapted to evaluate online grammar materials and programs, highlighting its usefulness by analyzing the extent to which it helps second language learners improve their English language abilities, with a focus on the degree of student improvement caused by the program’s prompts from first draft to final writing submission. Moreover, for the analysis of effects on technology, TOEIC scores were also applied and analyzed by ANOVA.

Species identification has been performed using morphological features and molecular techniques between each species. Recently, advances in machine learning technology have been applied to animal and plant identification based on deep learning approach with images. In this study, we constructed the deep learning model to predict 16 species of marine ragworms using the Teachable Machine which is a web-based tool. We have trained the deep learning model with 865 images including key characters of 16 species and measured prediction accuracy using 3-fold cross validation. The results showed 94% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 99% accuracy. The deep learning model for marine ragworms is freely available at forensicdna.kr/ML/ nereididae.

이-러닝은 학교와 직장에서 지식전달 수단으로 각광을 받고 있다. 많은 웹사이트는 인터넷이용자에게 학습, 연구, 경력개발과 관련된 많은 정보를 제공하고 있다. 첫째, 이 연구는 학습과 관련된 웹 사용에 따른 이용자의 인식을 측정하는 도구의 타당화 과정을 보이는데 목적이 있다. 둘째, 이 논문은 대학생들이 자신의 분야와 관련된 학습자료를 얻기 위해 웹 사이트를 이용할 때 그들이 중요한 요인으로 인식하는 주요개념을 확인하고 있다. 이 연구는 다른 분야에서의 웹 이용의 인지와 관련된 주요 개념을 확인하는데 도움을 줄 것이다

E-learning has become an ever-increasing delivery method in school and workplace. Many Web sites provide Internet users with lots of information and resources on study, research, and career development in workplace. First, this study aimed at presenting a process of validating instruments to measure perception of using the Web for learning. Secondly, this paper attempted to find out a list of critical constructs that university students recognize when they access Web sites to get some resources on their fields of study. This study also suggested the features of those constructs. This paper would help improve our understanding of Web usage for schoolwork and research. This result of the paper will facilitate further understanding of constructs associated with Web usage in other areas, thereby enabling researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to draw much attention to e-learning.

Due to the development of technology even in learning and education area, many studies have begun to make a new attempts to research by using SNS, breaking away from traditional learning methods. However, the limitations of these studies are restricted only to the use of wireless Internet and writing on Web sites. This study aims to conduct a research on English learning activities that utilize various technologies such as Bigdata, Facebook, Social Network Services (SNS) and English applications. In addition, this study looks into how these modern technologies can be integrated in the classrooms and which activities can be applied in the English classroom. This research is to suggest effective English learning methods through a thorough investigation on the effectivity of various technologies based on the Web 2.0 such as Flickr, blogs, MySpace, and online discussion board within the context of the English learning. To verify the effect of the study, the subjects are divided into experimental and control group. The experiment is proceeded with pre- and post-test. The experimental group is designed to verify the effects using SNS tools such as Facebook, Bigdata, and Online Massive Learning. A survey is conducted to determine the preference of utilizing social networking sites and to analyze the effects in class. The result is that the average scores for experimental group have improved more than the average of control group. The comparison of pre and post-test of the experimental group shows that the significance of the higher and median group was statistically significant at the p<0.01.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Web-based learning program on cardiopulmonary emergency care for clinical nurses and to evaluate learners' responses. Methods: Based on the assessment of learning needs of clinical nurses, a total of three self-directed learning modules were developed according to the procedure of the ADDIE(assessment, design, development, implementation, & evaluation) model. Results: Each learning module included the emergency treatments and drugs used in the real patients' situations with cardiopulmonary crisis, which had been adopted from the emergency department of a C University hospital located in G-city. Real video clips for endotracheal intubation and ACLS(advanced cardiac life support) were developed with the help of the staff of the department of emergency medicine using a human simulator, SimMan®. The program published on the Web was evaluated by 20 clinical nurses who are working in the emergency department and wards of a C-University hospital. About 80% of the respondents were satisfied with the program contents, design, and learning strategy. Conclusions: Web-based learning programs on cardiopulmonary emergency care are needed for clinical nurses as educational material for staff education to increase their knowledge for making immediate clinical decisions and in giving skilled care in emergency situations.

Purpose: This study investigates patterns of small group interaction and examines the influence among graduate nursing students of online collaborative learning strategies on small group interaction patterns, task performance and learning attitude in web-based team learning environments. Method: To analyze patterns of small group interaction, group discussion dialogues were reviewed by two instructors. Groups were divided into two categories depending on the type of feedback given (passive or active). For task performance, evaluation of learning processes and numbers of postings were examined. Learning attitude toward group study and coursework were measured via scales. Results: Explorative interactions were still low among graduate nursing students. Among the students given active feedback, considerable individual variability in interaction frequency was revealed and some students did not show any specific type of interaction pattern. Whether given active or passive feedback, groups exhibited no significant differences in terms of task performance and learning attitude. Also, frequent group interaction was significantly related to greater task performance. Conclusion: Active feedback strategies should be modified to improve task performance and learning attitude among graduate nursing students.

웹기반 이러닝 학습자의 증가로 이러닝 학습효과 증진방안에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중에서 자기조절학습전략과 실재감은 이러닝 학습의 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 H 원격대학교 재학생 376명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시해 웹기반 이러닝 학습에서 자기조절학습전략과 실재감이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 자기조절학습전략이 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 실재감의 매개효과를 검증함으로서 이러닝 학습의 성공적인 지원과 설계에 유용한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 웹기반 이러닝 학습에 있어서 자기조절학습전략과 인지된 성취도의 관계에서 교수 실재감과 사회적 실재감은 매개효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 실재감이 학업성취에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 학습자의 인지된 성취도가 매개역할을 하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 웹기반 이러닝 학습 설계 시, 학습자의 교수 실재감과 사회적 실재감의 수준을 높일 수 있는 방법을 모색할 필요성을 논의하였다.

Research on ways to improve e-learning effectiveness has been actively conducted due to the increased numbers of web-based e-learning learners. Of many variables related to e-learning effectiveness, self-regulated learning strategy and presence have been reported as major factors that influences academic achievement in e-learning settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-regulated learning strategy and presence on academic achievement in web-based e-learning. In addition, this study tried to provide useful basic data for successful support and design of e-learning by verifying the mediating effect of these variables. As a result, it was verified that teaching presence and social presence have mediating effects in the relationship between self-regulated learning strategy and perceived achievement in web-based e-learning. Moreover, subjective perception of student's academic achievement played a mediating role between learners' perceived presence and academic achievement. Through this study, it is verified that it is necessary to search for ways to improve the level of learners' teaching presence and social presence in web-based e-learning design in order to eventually improve academic achievement.

4차 산업혁명과 ICT 기술의 중요성이 증가함에 따라 소프트웨어 중심 사회가 초래되었다. 기존 소프트웨어 교육은 학습 환경구성에 제한적이었으며, 초기에 많은 비용이 발생하였다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 웹 컴파일러를 활용하는 형태의 학습 방법이 개발되었다. 웹 컴파일러는 다양한 소프트웨어 언어를 지원하며, 컴파일 결과를 사용자에게 웹을 통해 보여준다. 하지만 4차 산업혁명의 핵심기술인 인공지능에 대한 웹 컴파일러는 아직 미비한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 구글 인공지능 라이브러리인 텐서플로우 기반의 웹 컴파일러를 설계, 구현하였다. nodeJS 기반의 서버에 텐서플로우와 텐서플로우 서빙, 파이썬 주피터를 구현하고, meteorJS 기반의 웹 서버를 구축하여 인공지능 학습을 위한 시스템을 구현하였다. 소프트웨어 중심 사회에서 인공지능 학습을 위한 도구로써의 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

As the importance of the 4th industrial revolution and ICT technology increased, it became a software centered society. Existing software training was limited to the composition of the learning environment, and a lot of costs were incurred early. In order to solve these problems, a learning method using a web compiler was developed. The web compiler supports various software languages and shows compilation results to the user via the web. However, Web compilers that support artificial intelligence technology are missing. In this paper, we designed and implemented a tensor flow based web compiler, Google's artificial intelligence library. We implemented a system for learning artificial intelligence by building a meteorJS based web server, implementing tensor flow and tensor flow serving, Python Jupyter on a nodeJS based server. It is expected that it can be utilized as a tool for learning artificial intelligence in software centered society.