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Dramatic increase of population migrating from suburban area to metropolitan area which started in 1990s resulted in the increase of aging population among this area. Centralized population also causes decreased number of students in suburban areas which in turn affects environmental facilities such as school and brings social issue. Additionally, compared to the alternative analysis and data regarding internal spatial arrangement of high school, there are not enough data or information on external spatial arrangement and how to construct such space. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to provide fundamental data which can be used as a reference in improving educational environment of suburban high school by analyzing and investigating various factors including location, accessibility, facility status, and external spatial arrangement based on arrangement type of 8 normal high schools located across Jeju Island where the trend of decreasing number of students is prominent. Following is the result of such investigation. Despite the fact that high schools from suburban areas in Jeju Island possess diversity based on local characteristic, construction of external space is rather inconsistent as the plans regarding external space is not organized. Therefore, there is a need for preparing external spaces appropriate for each school based on the number of students and the characteristic of gymnasium.

As the world faces an aging population, Korea has been analyzed as having the fastest aging rate among OECD countries. Institutional support and research on housing, health care, and welfare are being conducted to improve the quality of life for the elderly. However, there has been a lack of research on land use for residential senior living districts. Cobb County, Georgia, USA, has established a Residential Senior Living(RSL) district for senior housing and operates it as a zoning ordinance. The RSL includes regulations and land use for single-family homes, townhouses, rental apartments, and continuing care retirement communities(CCRC). In addition to the RSL designation, the Cobb County government operates six senior centers to improve the housing and well-being of seniors. This study identified the social conditions of elderly welfare and housing in Korea and characterized the permitted uses and land use through analysis of the RSL regulations and development caese of Cobb County. Based on the analysis results, the basic regulations and key elements of Korean-style senior residential district were defined, and a basic layout plan reflecting these were proposed.

A reduction in the number of high school students in Eup and Myeon districts is very severe. This issue leads to the problem with educational programs of school and an academic achievement gap. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of areas and layout types of the floor plan of high school facilities in Eup and Myeon districts of Jeju Island where the number of students reduces and to provide a fundamental material for establishing school environments. The floor plan of school facilities was categorized into learning, support, common, and other areas and the characteristics of each area were analyzed. As a result, it was necessary to make spatial and facility improvements in common area and support area. The layout type of each area was classified into centralized type, distributed type, and mixed type, and then each type was analyzed. As a result, the main building had low points of the floor plan for learning area and common area. In order to respond to the number of students, it is required to establish reasonable spatial plan criteria and guidelines under the supervision of Office of Education and furthermore to make an effort to create futuristic educational facilities.

This study try introduce a cell manufacturing form and to make the productivity in a conveyor line manufacture for the customer requirement and market change. The case research from JIT theory that made the model to make a productivity enhance through the cell line in a conveyor line and U-line. This research was subject with a cosmetics manufacture company, therefor we can raise the quality enhance, personnel expenses and reduction of delivery effectiveness in a stroke types of industry consequently.

지금까지 국내 인쇄광고의 레이아웃에 대한 연구들은 광고 크리에이티브 컨셉의 수준에서 광고카피와 비주얼을 중심으로 광고효과를 검증하거나 아이트래킹(Eye Tracking) 기법을 활용한 레이아웃 방법론에 관한 연구가 제한적으로 이루어 졌다. 따라서 레이아웃의 유형을 체계적으로 분류하고 사례분석의 기준을 만들어 광고제작의 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있는 실증적 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 16종의 레이아웃 사례를 센터 맞춤 레이아웃, 좌측 상단에서 우측 하단으로 흐르는 레이아웃, 좌측 하단에서 우측 상단으로 상승하는 레이아웃, 지면의 상‧하를 이용한 레이아웃, 지면의 좌‧우를 이용한 레이아웃, 여백(White Space)의 미를 이용한 레이아웃, 그리드(Grid)를 이용한 레이아웃, 일러스트(Illust)를 이용한 레이아웃으로 분류한 후 독창성, 조형성, 주목성, 메시지 전달성에 관해 분석하였다. 연구결과, “독창성”과 “조형성”, “주목성”이 우수하다고 평가된 작품이 12종으로 나타났다. 이것은 광고전문가의 시각에서 이론적‧실무적 시사점을 제시할 수 있는 주요항목이 “독창성”과 “조형성”, “주목성”이 뛰어난 작품이었다는 것을 증명한 것이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 “메시지 전달성”은 8종의 작품만이 우수한 것으로 평가되어 메시지가 소비자의 설득을 위한 필수적인 커뮤니케이션 도구이지만 메시지 전달의 어려움을 입증한 결과라고 설명 할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 인쇄광고 레이아웃의 이론적 토대를 확장하고, 실무에서 창의적인 레이아웃을 구성하는데 중요한 지침을 제시할 것으로 기대한다.

Until now, studies about layout of domestic print advertising have been carried out limited to verifying advertising effect in advertising copy and visual or researching layout methodology using eye tracking, in the level of advertising creative concept. Therefore, an empirical study is needed to classify layout types systematically and to suggest guideline of advertising production by making the standard of case analysis. This study classified sixteen layout cases into centered layout, left-top to right-bottom layout, left-bottom to right-top layout, layout using up and down of the paper, layout using left and right of the paper, layout using the white space, layout using grid, layout using illust and analyzed creativity, formativeness, attractiveness, transmissibility of messages. The result of the research showed that twelve works were evaluated excellent in “creativity”, “formativeness”, and "attractiveness". It is proved that in the respect of advertising expert, main provisions to suggest theoretical and empirical implication are excellent works in “creativity”, “formativeness”, and "attractiveness". However, only eight works were evaluated excellent in “transmissibility of messages" and it can be explained as proving the difficulty of message delivery though message is a necessary tool for persuading consumers. This study is expected to expand the theoretical ground of print advertising layout and suggest important guideline in composing layouts in the practical aspect.

본 연구는 그리드의 유형에 따른 레이아웃 우수사례를 선정하여 분석하고, 효율적인 활용방안을 모색하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 블록 그리드는 행폭이 넓으므로 내용전달을 쉽게 하기 위해서는 다른 유형의 그리드보다 많은 여백을 주는 것이 바람직하다. 둘째, 칼럼 그리드의 펼친 페이지 작업 시에는 바깥쪽 부분의 여백을 안쪽보다 넓게 하여 오디언스의 시선을 텍스트에 집중시킬 수 있다. 셋째, 모듈 그리드는 모듈의 크기를 정하는 일이 매우 중요한데, 모듈이 작으면 정교함을 제공하지만 시각적 혼란을 초래할 수 있으며, 모듈이 크면 심플해 보이지만 정교함이 결여될 수 있다. 넷째, 계층 그리드의 활용 시에는 오디언스의 시선이 어느 부분으로 집중되느냐에 따라 계층적 영역의 중요도가 달라질 수 있으므로 특히 주의를 기울여야 한다. 다섯째, 혼합 그리드의 펼친 페이지 작업 시 2단 또는 3단 그리드의 위치를 다르게 적용할 수 있으며, 한쪽 페이지에 공간을 상하로 나누어 각기 다른 칼럼으로 변화를 줄 수도 있다. 여섯째, 플렉서블 그리드는 실험적인 디자인 프로젝트에서 창의력과 예술성을 동시에 보여줄 수 있는 효과적 방법이 됨과 동시에 디자이너들에게는 많은 과제를 부여할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구 결과는 그리드 이론의 외연 확장과 더불어 편집디자인회사와 웹에이전시 등에서 그리드를 활용한 레이아웃 작업 시, 디자인 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 수 있다는 실무적 함의를 가질 것으로 기대한다.

This study selected and analyzed the excellent case of layout according to grid types, suggesting the following implications by seeking efficient application plan. First, block grid is desirable to have more white space than other grid types to easily deliver contents due to its wide line length. Second, when working on the spread page of column grid, making the outside space wider than the inside can attract audience's attention on text. Third, in case of module grid, it is very significant to decide module size, because small module provides sophistication but it can cause visual confusion whereas large module looks simple but it is lack of sophistication. Fourth, special caution is needed when apply hierarchical grid because importance of hierarchical realm can change according to the attentions of audience. Fifth, when working on the spread page of complex grid, location of two-column or three-column can be applied differently and also can give variety through diverse columns in divided space of one page up and down. Sixth, flexible grid can be an effective way to show both creativity and artistry in experimental design project and give designers lots of assignments at the same time. The result of this study is expected to have operational implication to contribute not only to the theoretical extension, but also to the enhancement of design competitiveness when working on layout utilizing grid in editorial design company or web agency.

Manufacturing system design poses many challenges for new factory construction. Factories producing the same product may nevertheless have different layouts. The machining line of the engine shop in an automotive factory is a typical flow line, but the layout concept of the line varies among factories. In this paper, a simulation study on the design concept of the manufacturing system for automotive engines is discussed. For comparison, three types of real engine block lines in different factories are analyzed, and three structures of parallel lines are extracted. The effects of failure distribution on the performance measures of three types of parallel line structures are investigated, and some insights are offered regarding the layout concept.

Large-scaled apartment housing complex at outskirts of downtown which has direct influence on urban view concentrated on improving the space outside the complex like spatial composition of individual plan design, but neglected the contribution of urban view. However, as people's orientation toward urban areas was changed to quality from quantity, concerns on urban view have been gradually increased and planning of apartment housing has been extended to complex with view contributing to urban people as a factor composing the city in resident centered spatial composition. This study is therefore to examine the characteristics of view components of 13 apartment housing complexes at Sangmu District in Gwangju Metropolitan City and their influences on evaluating view image.

2010년 경부터 시작된 한국셉테드학회의 CPTED 인증은 이제 10년 정도의 경과를 거치면서 많은 성과 및 긍정적 효과를 이끌어냈지만 이제는 인증제도에서의 평가기준에 대하여 재검토하고 개선해야 할 시점에 이르렀다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 시점에 공동주택의 커뮤니티시설에 대하여 심층적인 검토가 이루어져야할 필요가 있었다. 현재 한국셉테드학회의 커뮤니티시설 CPTED인증 체크리스트를 살펴보면 커뮤니티시설은 준공적영역에 속하며, 활동성과 자연감시 강화에 초점을 두고 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 오늘날 많은 수의 공동주택단지의 커뮤니티시설은 하나의 배치형태를 가지는 것이 아니고 상가시설, 주동하부 등의 다양한 기능과 결합하여 니즈에 맞추어 복합화되어 있다. 따라서 동일한 기준으로 다양한 사례들을 평가하기에 어려움이 있기 때문에 현재 기재된 항목 이외에도 몇가지 항목이 추가되는 것이 바람직하며, 커뮤니티시설 배치유형에 따른 CPTED 강화방안이 구체화될 수 있도록 평가 항목의 다각화 및 보완이 필요하다.

The CPTED certification of the Korean CPTED Society, which began around 2010, has produced many achievements and positive effects over the course of about 10 years, but it is now time to review and improve the evaluation criteria in the certification system. At this point, an in-depth review of the community facilities of multi-family housing was needed. Currently, if you look at the CPTED certification checklist of the Korean CPTED Society's community facilities, the community facilities are in the semi-final area, and the evaluation is focused on strengthening activity and nature monitoring. Today, however, the community facilities of many apartment complexes do not have a single layout, but are combined with various functions such as commercial facilities and the lower part of the main building to meet the needs. Therefore, it is recommended to add a few items in addition to the ones currently listed because it is difficult to assess various cases on the same basis, and it is necessary to diversify and supplement the assessment items.

Before the 15th century, the main buildings of the residences of the ruling class in Seoul consisted of Momchae(身梗), Seocheong(西廳), and Naeru(內樓)?Chimru(寢樓). Based on the equality of the relationship between husband and wife, the couple lived in the main building[Momchae] in the center of the mansion, but based on the individuality of the relationship between husband and wife, each had an area consisting of the same section within the building. Naeru·Chimru was the two floors bedroom building became a common living space for the minister and wife, upstairs in summer, downstairs in winter. In preparation for large gatherings and important receptions, an open-structured West Hall(西廳) was located on the west side of the mansion. Momchae, Seocheong, and Naeru?Chimru were the common building types and layouts of the residences of the highest ruling class, including high-ranking officials, until the reign of King Sejong. However, from around the time of King Seongjong, Seocheong and Chimru came to be regarded as privileged and luxurious buildings only allowed for the grand prince's residence. The layout of the bedroom, main building (including Wings), Outer Sarang[外舍廊], and Joyangru[朝陽樓] of Prince Bongrim's mansion built in the first half of the 17th century clearly shows the transitional period when the arrangement of chimru, main building, and western office was disrupted and the layout changed to the Inner main building(Anchae for wife) and Outer main building(Sarangchae for husband).

Recently, new detached houses on a small plot in low-rise residential urban area have attracted more public interests than ever before. This study aims to categorize basic types of interior plans in small urban detached houses by analyzing the layouts of the public space(LDK) within them which are popular in Japan. The results of this study may be summarized as follows. Unit floor plans were basically classified as 16 types according to the layout of LDK. Among these, the LDK type in a straight line shows the most at 28.9%. Again, these plans were sub-classified into 38 types by plan composition. The new 'LDKL' (a new term the authors propose to be used) type was observed in cases where K was directly connected to L. This type appears at 9 out of 38 types. In the connection of LDK, the LDK type shows the most at 60.8%; secondly the L-DK type at 29.9%; thereafter the LD-K type at 6.2%; and lastly L-D-K type, the least frequently at 1.0%. The cases of inter-level connection between LDK and the surrounding space were observed in various cases such as the open workplace of the upstairs hallway visually connected with LDK through the void space and as the attic space of the pitched roof visually linked to it.

이 연구의 목적은 PDA의 화면설계 방식과 과제유형에 따른 반응시간의 차이와 사용자 선호를 확인하기 위한 것이다. 이 연구의 참여자는 60명이었으며, 이 중에서 남학생은 16명(26.7%)이었으며 여학생은 44명(73.3%)이었다. 독립변수는 화면설계 방식과 과제유형이었으며, 종속변수는 반응시간, 과제완성시간, 과제수행점수, 선호도 설문의 결과이다. 이 연구에서 투입된 화면설계 방식은 페이지 방식과 스크롤 방식이었으며, 페이지 방식은 화면단위로 이동을 할 수 있다는 장점을 갖고 있으며 스크롤 방식은 줄 단위로 이동하기 때문에 사용자가 화면이동을 조절할 수 있다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 과제유형은 개념과제와 절차과제로 구분되었다. 또한 학습자에게 페이지 방식과 스크린 방식을 모두 경험하도록 하기 위하여 교차순서설계 방법을 적용하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 과제유형 및 화면설계 방식에 따라서 반응시간이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 개념과제에서는 페이지 방식에서의 반응시간이 빨랐지만 절차과제에서는 스크롤 방식에서의 반응시간이 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 과제완성시간과 과제수행점수에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 사용자를 대상으로 실시된 선호도 설문문항에서는 가독성과 편리성에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이 연구에 참여했던 학습자들은 페이지 방식에서 더 높은 가독성과 편리성을 지각한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 난이도 지각이나 내용 조직화에 대한 설문문항에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이 연구에서는 과제유형과 화면설계 방식에 따른 반응시간의 차이에 대한 함의점을 논의하였다. 특히, 인지부하의 속성과 측정방법에 대한 논의와 사전지식이나 과제난이도와 같은 과제복잡성에 의한 문제에 대해서도 논의하였다. 끝으로 효과적인 학습을 위한 PDA 활용방안에 대한 문제점을 지적하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of screen layout of PDA and types of task on response time and user preference. In this study two types of screen layout were applied as pagination and scrolling method for layout design. Also two types of task were utilized as concept task and procedural task. Participants of this study were sixty college students. Pagination layout was defined as a layout which was enabled to navigate screen base without scrolling function. However, scrolling layout was designed to provide whole content with a scroll-bar to read the contents. Cross sequential design was applied to test how different types of task and screen layout affect response time and preference. There were significant differences between screen layout. First, response time was significantly different depending upon types of task and screen layout. When the participants showed faster response time when they performed a concept task with pagination layout. However, with the procedural task participants the pattern of response time was reversed. Second there were no significant differences with time-on-task and performance scores. Third, the question items for readability and usability showed significantly different preference; however, question items for perceived difficulty and organizing the content did not show significant different. This paper discussed that what factor may have impact on response time to reduced cognitive load.

With the development of cognitive science and environmental psychology, there have been growing researches and discussions on the relationship between the residential design preferences and personality types. MBTI personality types have been earning popular credibility. MBTI means Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. It is based on Carl Jung's theory of psychological type. This study is based on Myers-Briggs theory to explain residential furnishing preference and explores the relationship between the four bi-polar personality types-Extroversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Perceiving and residential furnishing preference. These tests were conducted to two hundred and twelve adult residents who live in Seoul, Korea. These tests were analyzed several significances by Chi-Square with SPSS for windows software. (E) Extroverted residents prefer layouts for interaction with guests. (I) Introverted residents prefer centripetal layout around the bed. (S) Sensing residents prefer practical and functional layouts. (N) Intuitive residents prefer personal and conceiving layouts. (T) Thinking residents prefer for attribute of space. (F) Feeling residents for familiar conversation. (J) Judging residents prefer systematic and complete layouts. (P) Perceiving residents prefer adaptable and flexible layouts. In conclusion, personality types can have a determining role in preference of residential furnishing layouts. This study suggests that residential designers should take into account clients' personality types prefer effective designing and should provide a variety of alternatives reflecting clients' preferences. This will promote clients' pleasantness and satisfaction in dwelling at home.

본 연구는 레스토랑에서 혼밥 고객을 지속적으로 유치할 수 있도록 실질적인 방안을 마련하고자 혼밥 고객의 만족도가 장소 애착성에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 또한, 레스토랑의 테이블 간격과 공간의 배타적 사용이 혼밥 고객의 만족도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 더불어 가정된 관계에서 식사시간대에 따른 조절 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이에 객단가가 5,000원에서 10,000원으로 형성되고, 테이블 서비스를 제공하는 레스토랑에서 3일 이내에 혼자서 식사를 한 경험이 있는 고객을 대상으로 조사를 수행하였다. 357명의 응답을 바탕으로, 레스토랑의 테이블 간격과 공간의 배타적 사용은 모두 혼밥 고객의 만족도에 유의한 정의 영향을 미친다는 것을 알아내었다. 또한, 혼밥 고객의 만족도는 레스토랑에 지니는 장소 애착성을 유의적으로 높일 수 있다는 것을 알아내었다. 이와 더불어 점심에 혼자 식사를 한 고객보다 저녁에 혼자서 식사를 한 고객의 경우, 만족도가 장소 정체성에 미치는 영향력이 더욱 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 혼밥 고객의 만족스러운 외식 경험을 높여 레스토랑에 보다 빈번히 방문할 수 있도록 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

This study was designed to explore solo dining experiences at a restaurant and their effects upon solo diners’ satisfaction and to further investigate how solo diners’ satisfaction contributes to forming their place attachment towards the restaurant. In doing so, this study focused on table distance and exclusiveness of space use in restaurants and investigated how those factors affect solo diners’ satisfaction. In addition, this study examined if such relationships might be affected by meal types (lunch vs. dinner). Results supported our expectations about positive relationships between restaurant table distance and exclusiveness of space use and solo diners’ satisfaction, further leading to high levels of place attachment towards the restaurant. Also, solo diners’ satisfaction for lunch form a higher level of place attachment than for dinner.