Earticle

Levulinic acid is a valuable platform chemical which could be used as raw material to synthesis various chemicals and fuels. In this work, citric acid modified HZSM-5 and aluminum ion modified HZSM-5 were prepared and used in the production of levulinic acid from glucose. The modified HZSM-5 was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, TG and pyridine FTIR. The Brønsted acid sites density of citric acid modified HZSM-5 was higher than aluminum ion modified HZSM-5. More importantly, the kinetics of levulinic acid production catalyzed by citric acid modified HZSM-5 and aluminum ion modified HZSM-5 were investigated, respectively. The Saeman model was applied to predict the concentration of levulinic acid, and the values calculated by the model agreed well with the experimental data. The rate of production of levulinic acid with citric acid modified HZSM-5 was higher than that of aluminum ion modified HZSM-5. The model supplied a profound understanding in the conversion of glucose into levulinic acid with modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the differences in kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation between experienced and novice squat practitioners. Research on the differences in kinetics and muscle activation between experienced and novice practitioners is notably lacking. It is aimed to clearly identify the performance differences between the two groups and provide foundational data for developing more effective customized training programs. Results: The kinematic variables in squat movements show clear differences between experienced and novice practitioners. Experienced practitioners employed strategies that improved energy efficiency and injury prevention by performing more accurate weight distribution and joint angle control. Conclusion: Future studies should conduct in-depth analyses to clearly identify the differences in kinetic variables and muscle activation between experienced and novice practitioners during squat movements.

본 연구는 학령기 아동의 가방휴대 보행 시 가방무게에 따른 건강위험요인을 운동역학적으로 분석하고, 올바른 가방휴대 보행을 위한 과학적 기초자료를 제공하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적의 달성을 위해 3D영상분석 과 지면반력분석을 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 머리의 전경각도를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이 를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 큰 각도를 보였으며, 10%가 5%에 비해 큰 각도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 몸통의 전경각도를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 큰 각도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 엉덩관절각도를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 작은 각도를 보였으며, 10%가 5%에 비해 작은 각도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 무릎관절각도 를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 큰 각도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 충격력을 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 큰 충격력을 보였으 며, 10%가 5%에 비해 큰 충격력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 좌·우안정성지수를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으나 사후검증결과 15%, 10%, 5%에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 전·후안정성지수 를 분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후검증결과 15%가 10%와 5%에 비해 안정성지수가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was kinetics analysis of health risk factors on bag-carrying of school age children. In order to achieve this purpose, three dimensional image analysis and ground reaction force were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the head tilt angle analysis showed a significant difference. In the post-test, 15% showed a larger angle than 10% and 5%, and 10% showed a larger angle than 5%. Second, The trunk tilt angle showed a significant difference and the results of the post - test showed that 15% showed a larger angle than 10% and 5%. Third, hip joint angle showed significant difference. In the post-test, 15% showed a smaller angle than 10% and 5%, and 10% showed a smaller angle than 5%. Fourth, Knee joint angle showed significant difference. In the post-test results, 15% showed a larger angle than 10% and 5%. Fifth, Impact analysis showed significant difference. The results of the post-test showed that 15% of the respondents had a greater impact than the 10% and 5%, and 10% showed greater impact than the 5%. Sixth,The medial-lateral stability index showed a significant difference. However, the results of the post - test showed no significant difference at 15%, 10%, and 5%. Seventh, the anterior-posterior stability index showed a significant difference. The results of the post - test showed that 15% were more stable than 10% and 5%.

본 연구의 목적은 드롭랜딩 동작 시 의도적인 시각차단의 운동역학적 분석을 통하여 상해예방을 의한 기초자료 를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정안 시와 시각차단 시 드롭랜딩 동작의 소요시간은 2구간과 총소요시간에서 시각차단 시 긴 것으로 나타났다 (p<.05). 둘째, 정안 시와 시각차단 시 드롭랜딩 동작의 신체중심 좌･우변위와 전･후변위는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 수직변위의 이벤트 3에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p>.05). 셋째, 정안 시와 시각차단 시 드롭랜딩 동작의 신체중심 속도는 수평속도의 이벤트 3에서 정안 시 빠르게 나타났으며 (p<.05), 수직속도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 넷째, 정안 시와 시각차단 시 엉덩관절, 무릎관절, 발목관절은 시각차단 시 굴곡운동을 크게 하는 것으로 나타났다 (p<.05). 다섯째, 정안 시와 시각차단 시 지면반력은 정안 시 수직반력이 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<.05).

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for prevention of injury through kinetic analysis of intentional visual interception during drop landing operation. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the drop landing operation, the duration of visual blocking is longer in P2 and total time (p <.05). Second, in the drop landing operation, COM vertical position showed significant difference at E3 (p> .05). And the height of visual blocking was low. Third, in the drop landing operation, COM horizontal velocity appeared at normal visual acuity at E3 (p<.05). There was no significant difference in vertical velocity. Fourth, in the drop landing operation, in the visual blocking, the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint were shown to increase flexion (p <.05). Fifth, in the drop landing operation, in the normal visual vertical reaction force was large(p<.05).

본 연구는 바벨 백 스쿼트 운동 시 스쿼팅 깊이에 따른 요추 관절의 운동학적, 운동역학적 변인을 분석하는데 목적 이 있다. 연구참여자는 웨이트 트레이닝 숙련자 23명을 대상으로 선정하였으며, 바벨 백 스쿼트 운동 시 세 가지의 스쿼팅 깊이 조건인 쿼터, 하프, 풀 스쿼트 방법에 따른 4번, 5번 요추 관절의 최대 상대 각도, 최대 관절 합력, 최대 관절 회전력을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 가장 큰 스쿼팅 깊이인 풀 스쿼트 방법에서 가장 높은 요추 관절의 최대 굴곡 각도를 확인하였으며, 요추 관절의 방향별 최대 관절 합력과 최대 관절 회전력은 풀 스쿼트 방법에서 전후 방향의 최대 전단력과 최대 압축력이 가장 높게 나타났고 최대 관절 회전력은 모든 방향에서 가장 높게 발생하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 바벨 백 스쿼트 운동 시 풀 스쿼트 방법은 요추 관절에서 생성된 부하량이 가장 높게 발생하며 다른 스쿼팅 깊이에 비해 요추 손상 위험성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the lumbar vertebrae joint’kinematic and kinetic variables according to the squatting depth during barbell back squat exercise. Twenty-three weight training experts were participated in this study, and The peak relative angle, peak joint force, and peak joint moment of the lumbar vertebrae joint(4th and 5th) according to the squatting depth(quarter vs. half vs. full) during barbell back squat were compared. As a result, the peak flexion angle of the lumbar vertebrae joint was the largest in the full squat, which is the deepest squatting depth, As for the peak joint force of the lumbar vertebrae joint, the peak shear force in the AP(anterior-posterior) direction and peak compressive force were the highest in the full squat. it is judged that the full squat method generates the highest load at the lumbar joint during barbell back squat exercise and has a higher risk of lumbar spine injury compared to other squatting depths.

본 연구는 걷기와 달리기 시 만성 발목 불안정성 그룹, 코퍼 그룹, 대조군 간 압력 중심 경로의 차이를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 그룹 당 18명씩 총 54명의 연구 대상자가 연구에 참여하였으며, 걷기와 달리기에 대한 3번의 운동학적 및 운동역학적 데이터가 수집되었다. 압력 중심 경로를 산출하기 위해 지면반력기 데이터를 가공하였으며, 디딤기를 100%로 정규화하여 각 10% 구간별로 평균 값을 산출하였다. 또한, 최대 및 최소 안가쪽 압력 중심과 안가쪽축의 압력 중심 범위를 도출하였다. 그룹 간 평균 비교를 위해 일원 배치 분산분석을 수행하였고 Omnibus test가 유의할 경우 사후 검사로 Tukey 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 만성 발목 불안정성 그룹과 코퍼 그룹은 대조군에 비해 가쪽 편위된 압력 중심 경로를 보였고 코퍼 그룹은 만성 발목 불안정성 그룹보다 더 가쪽 편위된 압력 중심 경로가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과를 고려할 때, 외측 발목 염좌가 있는 사람은 가쪽 편위된 압력 중심 경로를 보이기 때문에 외측 발목 염좌 위험에 노출되어 있으며, 이를 예방하기 위해 운동학적 및 운동역학적 요소, 발목 근육의 활성화를 통해 안정성을 높일 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

The present study was conducted to identify differences in center of pressure (COP) trajectory among the chronic ankle instability (CAI), coper, and control groups. A total of 54 participants, 18 participants in each group, were recruited. All participants walked and ran until three valid data for kinematics and kinetics was collected. Ground reaction forces data was processed to export COP trajectory. COP trajectory data during stance phase was normalized into 100% and separated into each 10%. Maximum and minimum COP position in mediolateral (ML) axis and COP range in ML axis were also computed. One-way analysis of variance was carried out to compare group differences. When omnibus test showed significant difference, Tukey test was used for post-hoc analysis. The CAI and coper groups showed laterally deviated COP trajectory compared with the control group. Given our findings, individuals who have a history of lateral ankle sprain are predisposed to recurrent ankle sprains. Therefore, they need to utilize movement strategies including kinematics, kinetics, and ankle muscle activation to increase joint stability of the ankle complex.

The combustion reaction of polyvinylchloride(PVC) was investigated using a thermogravimetric technique under an air atmosphere condition at several heating rates from 10 to 50℃/min. To obtain information on the kinetic parameters, the dynamic thermogravimetric analysis curve and its derivative were analyzed by a variety of analytical methods such as Kissinger, Friedman, Chatterjee-Conrad, Ozawa and Coats-Redfern methods. The combustion reaction of PVC proceeded in two steps; the first step was caused by the dehydrochlorination process in PVC, and the second step by the combustion of polyene. The comparative works for the kinetic results obtained from various methods should be performed to determine the kinetic parameters, because there are tremendous differences in the calculated kinetic parameters depending upon the mathematical method taken in the analysis.

The combustion reaction of polypropylene was investigated using a thermogravimetric technique under an air atmosphere condition at several heating rates from 10 to 50℃/min. To obtain information on the kinetic parameters, the dynamic thermogravimetric analysis curve and its derivative were analyzed by a variety of analytical methods such as Kissinger, Friedman, Freeman-Carroll, Chatterjee-Conrad, Ozawa and Coats-Redfern methods. The comparative works for the kinetic results obtained from various methods should be performed to determine the kinetic parameters, because there are tremendous differences in the calculated kinetic parameters depending upon the mathematical method taken in the analysis.

The method to characterize the fresh produce respiration was presented with possible application of modified atmosphere package design. Particularly the respiration model based on enzyme kinetics was introduced as function of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. The method to estimate the equilibrated package atmosphere for any package conditions was presented by incorporation of O2 and CO2 permeabilities of the packaging film. Temperature dependences for fresh produce respiration and gas permeation were given by Arrhenius equation and then used to analyze the effect of temperature on the package atmosphere. An example analysis was presented for better understanding of the concept.

일정 온도에서 중량 변화를 통하여 가스화 반응 특성을 살펴볼 수 있는 열중량 분석기(thermobalance)를 이용하여 하수슬러지의수증기 가스화 특성 및 발생 가스의 농도 분석을 실시하였다. 반응 온도 및 수증기의 분압이 증가할수록 가스화 반응이 촉진되어반응 속도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반응 kinetics 해석은 기체-고체 화학반응의 세 가지 모델이 이용되었다. 이 중 하수슬러지촤의 수증기 가스화는 modified volumetric reaction model이 반응 kinetics를 가장 잘 나타내었으며, 이 때 activation energy와 빈도 인자는 각각 155.5 kJ/mol, 14,087 s- 1 atm- 1 로 분석되었다. 또한, 수증기의 분압에 따른 반응 차수는 0.68이었다. 합성가스의 발생특성을 살펴보고자 900o C에서 생성 합성가스를 분석한 결과 수소의 농도가 가장 높았으며 수증기 분압이 증가할수록 생성기체의농도 특히 수소 농도가 급격히 증가하였다. 가스화와 동시에 수성가스화 변환반응이 진행되어 생성기체의 수소 생성 농도가 일산화탄소에 비하여 2-4배 높은 값을 나타내었다

Gasification characteristics and gas produced from a sewage sludge char were analyzed by using a thermobalance reactor, which is used for a reaction kinetic analysis by measuring weight change of materials at a desired temperature. Gasification reaction rate increased with increasing temperature and steam partial pressure due to the promotion of gasification reaction. Three models of gas-solid reaction were applied to the reaction kinetics analysis and modified volumetric reaction model was an appropriated model for the steam gasification of the sewage sludge char. Apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factors were evaluated as 155.5 kJ/mol and 14,087 s- 1 atm- 1 , respectively. The order of reaction on steam partial pressure was 0.68. Gas analysis was performed at 900o C and hydrogen concentration was highest in the gas concentrations, which increased with increasing the steam partial pressure. Hydrogen concentration increased the most and hydrogen concentration in the produced gas was 2- 4 times higher than that of carbon monoxide due to the gasification and water gas shift reaction.

Background: This experiment aimed at assessing polyphenol-rich plant biomass to use in complete feed making for the feeding of ruminants. Methods: An in vitro ruminal evaluation of complete blocks (CFB) with (Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus nummularia leaves) and without (Vigna sinensis hay) polyphenol rich plant leaves was conducted by applying Menke’s in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. A total of six substrates, viz. three forages and three CFBs were subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation in glass syringes to assess gas and methane production, substrate degradability, and rumen fermentation metabolites. Results: Total polyphenol content (g/Kg) was 163 in A. nilotica compared to 52.5 in Z. nummularia with a contrasting difference in tannin fractions, higher hydrolysable tannins (HT) in the former (140.1 vs 2.8) and higher condensed (CT) tannins in the later (28.3 vs 7.9). The potential gas production was lower with a higher lag phase (L) in CT containing Z. nummularia and the component feed block. A. nilotica alone and as a constituent of CFB produced higher total gas but with lower methane while the partitioning factor (PF) was higher in Z. nummularia and its CFB. Substrate digestibility (both DM and OM) was lower (P < 0.001) in Z. nummularia compared to other forages and CFBs. The fermentation metabolites showed a different pattern for forages and their CFBs. The forages showed higher TCA precipitable N and lower acetate: propionate ratio in Z. nummularia while the related trend was found in CFB with V. sinensis. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in A. nilotica leaves than V. sinensis hay and Z. nummularia leaves. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use forage biomass rich in polyphenolic constituents in judicious proportion for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production. Conclusion: Above all, higher substrate degradability, propionate production, lower methanogenesis in CFB with A. nilotica leaves may be considered useful. Nevertheless, CFB with Z. nummularia also proved its usefulness with higher TCA precipitable N and PF. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use polyphenol-rich forage biomass for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production.

런던협약으로 인하여 하수 슬러지 및 유기성 폐기물의 해양투기가 전면 금지되어 이의 효과적인 처리 및 에너지 전환 기술에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 하수 슬러지의 빠른 감량과 에너지화가 가능한 열적 에너지 전환 기술의 적용을 위해서는 하수 슬러지의 열분해 및 연소 특성에 대한 기본적인 kinetics 자료가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 열중량 분석기(thermogravimetric analyzer,thermobalance)를 이용하여 하수 슬러지의 열분해 및 연소 kinetics를 도출하였다. 열분해의 경우 총 세 단계의 반응이 일어나 각각에 대하여 subtraction method에 의하여 activation energy와 빈도 인자를 도출하였다. 촤 연소의 경우 반응 kinetics 해석은 기체-고체 화학반응의 세 가지 모델이 이용되었고 shrinking core model이 연소 특성을 가장 잘 나타내어 이 모델을 기준으로 activationenergy와 빈도 인자를 도출하고 산소농도 영향을 살펴보았다.

Effective treatment and energy conversion technologies are necessary due to the ban of the dumping of organic waste includingthe sewage sludge. In this study, the kinetics of pyrolysis and combustion were derived in a TGA and thermobalance reactor,which is essential for thermal conversion of sewage sludge to energy. Three steps are shown for the pyrolysis in TGA and thedifferent pre-exponential factors and activation energies are derived depending on the temperature range. Three models of gassolidreaction were applied to the reaction kinetics analysis for the combustion of sewage sludge char and shrinking core modelwas an appropriated model. Apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor were evaluated and the effect of oxygen partialpressure was examined.

Background: Garlic and its constituents are reported to have been effective in reducing methane emission and also influence glucose metabolism in body; however, studies in ruminants using garlic leaves are scarce. Garlic leaves contain similar compounds as garlic bulbs, but are discarded in field after garlic bulb harvest. We speculate that feeding garlic leaves might show similar effect as garlic constituents in sheep and could be potential animal feed supplement. Thus, we examined the effect of freeze dried garlic leaves (FDGL) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, plasma glucose kinetics and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Methods: Six sheep were fed Control diet (mixed hay and concentrate (60:40)) or FDGL diet (Control diet supplemented with FDGL at 2.5 g/kg BW0.75 of sheep) using a crossover design. Methane gas emission was measured using open-circuit respiratory chamber. Plasma glucose turnover rate was measured using isotope dilution technique of [U-13C]glucose. Rumen fluid, feces and urine were collected to measure rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization. Result: No significant difference in rumen fermentation parameters was noticed except for rumen ammonia tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Methane emission per kg dry matter ingested and methane emission per kg dry matter digested were lower (P < 0.05) in FDGL diet. Plasma glucose concentration was similar between diets and plasma glucose turnover rate tended to be higher in FDGL diet (0.05 < P < 0.1). Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial nitrogen supply tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Conclusion: FDGL diet did not impair rumen fermentation, improved nitrogen retention; while absence of significant results in reduction of methane emission, glucose turnover rate and microbial nitrogen supply, further studies at higher dose would be necessary to conclude the merit of FDGL as supplement in ruminant feedstuff.

본 연구의 목적은 훈련된 10명의 사이클 선수와 10명의 트라이애슬론 선수를 대상으로 서로 다른 트레이닝 상태에서 경제성과 효율성을 평가하는 데 있다. 모든 실험자는 50, 100, 150 watts의 자전거 프로토콜로 테스트 한 결과, 두 그룹의 효율성은 현저하게 다르게 나타났으며 철인3종 선수들의 경제성과 효율성이 사이클 선수들보다 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 산소섭취량과 작업량의 적절한 조합은 선수들의 산소부족량을 감소시켜 운동 후 회복기에 이에 맞는 부족량 부분을 다시 상환시킬 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economy and efficiency of two trained athlete groups of different training status. The subjects were 20 elite athletes composed of the cyclists group (n=10) and triathlon group (n=10). All subjects performed steady state testing at 50, 100, and 150 watts, with ample time to reach resting VO2 and ventilation values between stages. The efficiency of two groups appears to be quite different, with triathlon competitors displaying superior efficiency values for the transitions from 0 to 50 and 100 watts. This same principle likely explains the economy of the groups, as triathlon competitor was again more economic at 50 and 100 watts. As though this matching of oxygen consumption and workload they can reduce the amount of oxygen deficit that must be repaid post exercise.

Objective To examine the relationship between the time constant of oxygen uptake kinetics during the onset of exercise (τVO2) estimated from a single exercise bout and that obtained from three averaged exercise bouts in individuals with stroke. Methods Twenty participants with stroke performed three bouts of a constant-load pedaling exercise at approximately 80% of the workload corresponding to the ventilatory threshold to estimate τVO2. The VO2 data from the first trial of three bouts were used to estimate τVO2 for a single bout. Additionally, data collected from three bouts were ensemble-averaged to obtain τVO2 for three averaged bouts as the criterion. Results There was a very high correlation between τVO2 for a single bout (34.8±14.0 seconds) and τVO2 for three averaged bouts (38.5±13.4 seconds) (r=0.926, p<0.001). However, τVO2 for a single bout was smaller than that for three averaged bouts (p=0.006). Conclusion τVO2 for a single bout could reflect the relative difference in τVO2 for three averaged bouts among individuals with stroke. However, it should be noted that τVO2 for a single bout may be underestimated compared to τVO2 for three averaged bouts.

Obesity is associated with reduced exercise tolerance, yet the physio-logical mechanisms underlying this impairment remain unclear. This study examined whether oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics reflect autonom-ic regulation during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in normal- weight and obese males. This cross-sectional study included nine nor-mal-weight and nine obese males (aged 20–22) who performed 30 min of constant-load cycling at 70% of ventilatory threshold to assess V̇O2 kinetics and heart rate variability (HRV) responses. V̇O2 kinetics param-eters—including the time constant (τ), which reflects the rate of car-diopulmonary and muscular adjustment to exercise, and the V̇O2 drift slope—were analyzed. HRV was assessed at rest and during exercise. Changes in HRV and their correlations with V̇O2 kinetics and perceived fatigue were evaluated. The obese group had a significantly longer τ than the normal-weight group, despite similar relative intensities. During exercise, HRV indices—including overall HRV, low-frequency, very low-frequency, and the standard deviation along the line of identity (SD2) —were significantly lower in the obese group, indicating attenuated autonomic responsiveness. In the normal-weight group, the slope was strongly correlated with the changes in the root mean square of suc-cessive differences, the high-frequency power, the standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and SD1/SD2 (r=-0.769 to -0.857; P<0.05), whereas these associations were absent in the obese group. These findings suggest that in normal-weight individuals, V̇O2 ki-netics are closely linked to autonomic modulation during prolonged ex-ercise, whereas this link is disrupted in obesity, potentially leading to re-duced aerobic efficiency and greater exercise intolerance.

The isothermal adsorption and kinetics of phosphorus in aqueous solutions of oyster shell powders calcined at a specific temperature were addressed in this study. Raw oyster shell powder was identified to have a Ca content of 64.3 wt.% and a thermal weight loss of 45.9%. The physicochemical properties of the raw oyster shell powder and oyster shell powder calcined at 550oC, 750oC, and 900oC respectively were investigated in advance. In the phosphorus adsorption experiment, adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 1 minute with a rapid pH increase in all experimental cases, suggesting that activated calcium oxide constituting the oyster shell powder caused rapid hydration in aqueous solution. The higher the initial phosphorus concentration in the aqueous solution, the higher the phosphorus adsorption of oyster shell powder due to the influence of the phosphate ion concentration gradient. Additionally, the higher the calcinating temperature, the higher the phosphorus adsorption due to the difference in decarboxylation of oyster shells. The isothermal adsorption data fitted well with the Fruendlich model, with adsorption constants (KF) of 0.0330~10.3110 (mg/L1/n)/(g/L1/n), heterogeneity factor (n) of 0.5439~1.1060, and R2 of 0.7759~0.9956. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the experimental data well, and the amount of phosphorus adsorbed at equilibrium (qe) was 3.0460~40.4858mg/g. In conclusion, the experimental results suggested that high phosphorus removal efficiency could be obtained because adsorption was more spontaneous and cooperative when oyster shells were calcined above the critical temperature for decarboxylation. Comparative result for the adsorption capacity of several alternative adsorbents emphasized that thermally activated oyster shells were effective for phosphorus removal from water systems.