Earticle

This study aims to implement an integrated control system for a micro drill bit grinding machine to increase the processing stability and production efficiency of the equipment. The system consists of a WTGM mechanism, an environmental measurement sensor (RMU device), a control server, and a control client, and collects production statistics and alarm information in real time to enable central monitoring and statistical analysis. Through the control system, managers can check data and solve problems anytime and anywhere, thereby increasing the stability and efficiency of the production process. As a result of the experiment, it showed excellent performance in all evaluation items such as alarm occurrence time, notification time, and event operation time through temperature and humidity sensors, and contributed to productivity improvement through immediate response through e-mail and SNS notification. In conclusion, the implemented system optimizes the operating rate and inventory management of the equipment through real-time monitoring and yield analysis, and it is expected to improve system performance as it can be used as learning material for pattern analysis and deep learning algorithms in the future.

본 논문에서는 사용자가 존재할 때만 LED 조명을 활성화해서 통신 기능을 수행하고 사용자가 없을 때에는 자동으로 LED 조명을 비활성화 할 수 있는 종합 제어 시스템 기반 기술을 디자인하고 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 마이크로 콘트롤러를 이용한 사용자 감지 기능을 수행하는 HW 모듈과 웹을 통한 종합 제어 시스템 SW 모듈로 구성된다. 마이크로 콘트롤러 보드는 ATMega2560를 이용하 여 설계하고, 적외선과 초음파 센서를 이용하여 사용자 유무를 판단하였으며, 웹 기반의 모니터링 시스템은 스마트 디바이스를 통해 서 제어할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 두 모듈의 연동 테스트를 통해서 본 시스템의 유효성을 검증하였다.

In this paper, we implemented total monitoring system in which LED light turned on only when user detected and LED light turned out only when user disappeared. This system is composed of two modules, one is HW board based on Micro Controller and the other is SW control system based on Web server. Micro controller board is based on ATMega2560 chip which is connected with Infra Red and Ultra sonic sensors. Web based monitoring system was designed can be used in smart device. The validity of this monitoring system was proved by integration test of two modules.

Unconventional oil production plants are complex process systems characterized by highly viscous fluids, multiphase flow, thermal nonlinearity, long time delays, and strong inter-unit coupling. Under such conditions, conventional centralized control structures face limitations in achieving both rapid abnormal situation response and plant-wide operational stability. This study proposes a DDC(Direct Digital Control)-based distributed integrated control system as an alternative to conventional centralized control and quantitatively evaluates its performance. The proposed architecture consists of local DDC control nodes for each process subsystem and a supervisory optimization layer for plant-wide coordination and energy optimization. Five representative abnormal operating scenarios—namely inlet flow fluctuation, separator level deviation, heat exchanger degradation, circulation pump trip, and steam pressure variation—were defined. Performance was evaluated using Response Time, Maximum Deviation, Recovery Time, Energy Consumption Change, and Operational Stability Index(OSI). Results show that the proposed DDC-based structure achieves a 36.4% reduction in response time, 41.9% reduction in maximum deviation, 36.8% reduction in recovery time, and 38.3% reduction in energy consumption increase, with a 38.0% improvement in OSI. These results demonstrate that the proposed control system enhances disturbance rejection and operational stability, providing a practical framework for digital operation of unconventional oil production plants.

본 논문에서는 밝기제어장치 및 색상제어장치 그리고 기존의 제어장치와의 호환성을 갖는 통합 인터페이 스 제어장치 설계하고 제작하여 구현하였다. 구현 방법으로는 데이터 전송방식은 DVI/HDMI 전송방식의 규격을 적용하였으며 적용한 IC는 Sil1169 IC를 사용하였다. 밝기제어는 AT89C2051을 사용하여 8단계의 밝기조절 기 능을 갖도록 프로그래밍하였다. 또한 영상 및 디밍 데이터 처리를 위하여 EPM240T100C5 IC를 사용하여 제작하 였다. 그 결과로 기존에 제작하여 사용되어지고 있는 DVI/HDMI 전송방식을 적용한 제어장치와 호환이 가능하고, 주변 밝기에 따라 선명하고 고품질의 Full HD급 영상을 LED 디스플레이 장치에 통하여 재생할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다.

In this paper, we designed manufactured and design an integrated interface control unit that has compatibility with brightness control unit, color control unit, and existing control unit. As the implementation method the standard of DVI/HDMI transmission method is applied to the data transmission method, and the Sil 1169 IC is used as the applied IC. Brightness control is programmed to have eight levels of brightness control using the AT89C2051. Also, EPM240T100C5 IC was used for image and dimming data processing. As a result, it is compatible with the control unit using the DVI/HDMI transmission method manufactured by each company and can reproduce clear high quality full HD video according to the surrounding brightness through the full color LED display system.

Modern buildings around the world have become complex and augmented. Given the structural characteristics of modern buildings, quick evacuation using emergency exits or evacuee guidance markers during blackouts due to fire, building collapse, earthquakes, or aging of buildings need to be possible. This paper suggests an Internet of Things(IoT)-based intelligent fire emergency response system that can control directional guidance intelligently according to the time and location of a disaster and the design of an integrated control system using wireless sensor networks to address the problems with existing fire emergency response systems in times of fire or building collapse.

Currently the multimedia contents and various terminal devices owned by public agencies or private companies are operated separately by their manufacturer. This can make an immediate action impossible in the event of failure in equipment or contents due to the lack of integrated management, and it can also cause a lot of administrative costs for the maintenance of equipment for each type. In addition, the ineffective management of contents brings about such problems as errors, duplication and inconsistency in the contents. To solve these, construction of an integrated management system as well as an efficient, low-cost operational system is required. The system proposed in this paper integrates and controls the remote terminal devices, and it implemented in a multicast way. For each of many different devices in remote locations such as set-top boxes, kiosks and speakers, functions including broadcast schedule edition, multimedia playback automation and subtitle display configuration are controlled directly at the central system. The system has been developed mainly on the algorithm of Middleware for multicasting large amounts of data and centralized group management. As a result of the test in conjunction with the actual devices, this proposed program could easily integrate the heterogeneous terminals.

The recent development of information and communication technology is also affecting audio/video systems used in industry. The audio/video device configuration system changes from analog to digital, and the network-based audio/video system control has the advantage of reducing costs in accordance with system operation. However, audio/video systems released on the market have limitations in that they can only control their own products or can only be performed on specific platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux). This paper is a study on a device (Network Audio Video Integrated Control: NAVICS) that can integrate and control multiple audio / video devices with different functions, and can control digitalized audio / video devices through network and serial communication. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that individual control and integrated control were possible through the protocol provided by each audio/video device by NAVICS, and that even non-experts could easily control the audio/video system. In the future, it is expected that network-based audio/video integrated control technology will become the technical standard for complex audio/video system control.

This paper presents the development of a low-cost integrated control system for aerial survey based on pan-tilt and multi-sensor data fusion. The design of aerial vehicle route planning, pan-tilt mechanical structure and attitude estimation are discussed in detail. A route planning file containing flight paths and automatic exposure points is firstly derived by the route plan software to control the whole aerial photography task. As for the most challenging task, accurate attitude estimation, a custom Kalman filtering hardware module based on FPGA is introduced. The introduced module invokes the build-in multipliers of FPGA to achieve Kalman filtering hardware implementation, which leads to a rapid attitude estimation. After that mechanical structure of a specialized pan-tilt is designed and fabricated to adjust the camera attitude to the vertical direction of the ground plane. The practice aerial survey is also conducted to evaluate the accuracy and performance of designed control system. Our studies indicates that with the designed control system, it would be feasible to configure an aerial survey system while cooperate with professional aerial camera or some other civil cameras, which will make it easier to focusing on evaluation of aerial survey concepts and approaches.

Recently, There are various approach for an elevator system based on information technology. And an elevator that has more than 20,00 parts for the building and use by many and unspecified people publicity as a means of transportation need to make the more secure and efficient management. For this purpose, the elevator systems require the more efficient network environment. But the service implementation of the network enabled all elevator is difficult because of the lack of IP. So in this paper, we propose the methods of the configuration for the notification, advertisement and remote control of the elevators. This approach has inner network environment for the elevator to solve the lack of IP, and connect the management server with internet. And also, this configuration has connection of the smart phone .It can be notified about the problems of the elevator with cloud messaging method. And the advertisement service can be updated and managed with remote unit easily. This approach can be supported the efficient and secure management.

There are two kinds of public address (PA) systems: analog PA systems and digital PA systems. The digital PA systems have better communication quality than analog PA systems, and many companies manufacture various types of digital PA systems. Digital PA systems are used in public places where there are vast crowds of people. In this paper, a digital, minimized, and integrated PA system was developed. Its facilities included an external input, a microphone, a CD, and a radio for a PA system. The developed digital integrated PA system with an operational MICOM will make it possible to centrally control digital device facilities. The operational MICOM has three layers: a control layer, a processing layer, and a user interface layer. In addition that, the remote control and key inputs are used for the central control. The execution results showed that the system can operate different digital media individually or together concurrently.

최근 정보통신기술의 발전에 따라 철도 분야에서도 다양한 IT 기술을 접목하려는 시도가 많아졌다. 현재까지 안전 관제 시스템이 현장에 설치되어 실제 데이터를 이용해 운영 중이지만 실제 상황에서 사고가 발생하지 않는다는 점에서 철도 안전 관제 시스템의 기능 확인이 어렵다는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 임의로 사고 데이터를 발생시켜 안전관제 시스템이 정상적으로 동작하는 지 확인하고, 이를 위해 사고 데이터를 발생시킬 시뮬레이터와 사고 시나리오 및 시나리오에 따른 시뮬레이션 데이터를 작성하였으며, 실시간 철도 안전 통합 감시 제어 시스템은 철도 현장에서 데이 터를 수집하고 변환하여 전송하며, 각종 철도 안전 설비의 데이터를 인터페이스 장치에서 수합, DDS 라는 공통의 프로 토콜로 변환 후 안전 관제 통합 콘솔 및 위험/사고 예측 서버로 전달하여 철도 사고를 감시하고 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

With the recent development of information and communication technology, there have been many attempts to apply various IT technologies in the railway field. Until now, the safety control system has been installed at the site and operated using actual data, but there is a problem that it is difficult to verify the function of the railway safety control system in that no accidents occur in real situations. In this study, accident data is generated randomly to verify that the safety control system is functioning properly, and to this end, simulation data is prepared according to the simulator, accident scenario and scenario. Real-time railway safety monitoring system collects and transmits data from interface devices to common protocol called DDS.

현재 벌어지고 있는 전쟁과 분쟁에서 위협은 다영역(Multi-Domains)으로 확대되었고 드론은 필수 무기체계가 되었다. 드론 기술은 어렵지 않고 저렴한 비용으로 생산되어 대량으로 전장에 운용되고 있다. 다양한 기능을 가진 드 론의 성능은 첨단화되고 장거리 임무도 가능하게 되었다. 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁에서는 드론을 기존 항공기, 미사일, 무인비행체 등과 혼합하여 제파식으로 투입하고 있다. 이 같은 운용으로 드론의 효과를 극대화하는 한편 전후방 동시 전장이 되었다. 특히, 후방지역에서 전쟁지속지원의 결정적인 국가중요시설이 주요 표적이 되었다. 드론 운용과 전쟁 양상의 변화로 대드론체계의 중요성이 더욱 부각되었다. 드론의 위협은 군의 자산 방호뿐만 아니라 핵심 국가중요시 설, 도시 기반시설 등도 동시에 방호해야 하는 이중적 부담을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 대드론체계를 구축하기 위한 위 협과 전쟁 양상의 변화를 고려하여 선결요건과 대응개념의 정립 필요성을 제시하고, 민․관․군 차원에서 효율적인 협력방안과 도전 과제를 모색하기 위한 것이다. 특히, 후방지역에서 대드론체계의 구축과 통합된 관제시스템 운용은 드론의 위협에 대응하는 핵심적인 요건이 될 것이다.

In current wars and conflicts, the threats has expanded to include multiple domains, and drones have become an essential weapon system. Drone technology is not difficult and can be produced at low cost and deployed on the battlefield in large numbers. Their capabilities are becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable of long-range missions. In the Russian-Ukrainian war, drones are being employed in a piecemeal fashion, mixed with conventional aircraft, missiles, and UAVs. This maximizes the effectiveness of drones and creates a simultaneous front and rear battlefield. In particular, National key facilities that are located at the rear but are crucial to the continuation of the war have become major targets. The change in drone operations and warfare patterns has further highlighted the importance of Counter-drone systems. The threat of drones poses a double burden to the military, requiring the protection of not only its assets but also key national facilities and urban infrastructure. This study aims to present the necessity of establishing prerequisite elements and response concepts in the context of changing threats and warfare patterns to build a Counter-drone system, and to explore efficient cooperation and challenges at the civil, goverment, and military levels. In particular, the establishment and operation of Counter-drone systems in the rear areas will require the establishment of a coordinated response system with the battlefield environment and the military.

전기가 부족한 개발도상국 같은 많은 나라에서는 Off Grid 형태의 소형풍력발전이 전력공급 문제를 해결하기 위한 효율적인 핵심 솔루션이다. 몇몇 국가에서는 전력계통의 확장과 전기가 부족한 지역의 감소로 소규모 풍력을 도시 의 도로 조명, 모바일 통신 기지국, 양식업 및 해수 담수 등의 분야에 이용하기도 한다. 이런 변화에 따라 소형 풍력 산업 규모는 대규모 풍력보다 큰 잠재력이 기대되고 있다. 소형 풍력발전의 경우 발전기는 가변 속도로 제어되는 특성이 있으며 발전기에서 발생하는 전압 및 전류에는 많은 고조파 성분을 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 소형 풍력발전시스템의 직류전원 적용을 위한 운전제어 및 AC/DC 변환 통합장치를 제안하며 기존 AC to DC 컨버터는 단일 스위치를 갖는 3상 승압형 방식의 컨버터로서 인덕터 전류가 불연속모드로 제어되며, 입력전류의 고조파를 제거하 여 단위역률을 갖는 특성을 갖는다. 제안된 컨버터는 입력단에 LCL 필터 및 3상 정류 승압형 컨버터, 계통연계를 위한 단상 풀브릿지 형태로 구성되어 있으며 에너지저장시스템(ESS) 기능이 부가된 제어 시스템으로 풍력발전을 이동 평준화 방식에 의해 급변하는 전력에 대해 계통 안정화를 추구할 수 있다.

In many countries, such as developing countries where electricity is scarce, small wind turbines in the form of Off Grid are an effective solution to solve power supply problems. In some countries, the expansion of power systems and the decline of electricity-intensive areas have led to the use of small wind power in urban road lighting, mobile communications base stations, aquaculture and seawater desalination. With this change, the size of the small wind power industry is expected to have greater potential than large-scale wind power. In the case of small wind power generators, the generator is controlled at a variable speed, and the voltage and current generated by the generator have many harmonic components. To solve this problem, the AC to DC converter to be studied in this paper is a three-phase step-up type converter with a single switch. The inductor current is controlled in discontinuous mode, and has a characteristic of having a unit power factor by eliminating the harmonic of the input current. The proposed converter is composed of LCL filter and three phase rectification boost converter at the input stage and a single phase full bridge for grid connection. It is a control system with energy storage system(ESS) that the system stabilization can be pursued against the electric power.

This study proposes a two-layer hierarchical control system that integrates active front wheel steering and four wheel braking torque control to improve vehicle handling performance and stability. The first layer is a robust model matching controller (R-MMC) based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which optimizes an active front steering angle compensation and a desired yaw moment control, and calculates reference wheel slip for the target wheel according to the desired yaw moment. The second layer is a moving sliding mode controller (MSMC) that can track the reference wheel slip in a predetermined time by commanding proper braking torque on the target wheel to achieve the desired yaw moment. Since vehicle sideslip angle measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only vehicle yaw rate as the measured input is also developed in this study. The performance and robustness of the SMO and the integrated control system are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations. Simulation results reveal the satisfactory tracking ability of the SMO, and the superior improved vehicle handling performance, stability and robustness of the integrated control vehicle.

After more than 10 years construction, KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) had finally completed its assembly in June 2007, and then achieved the goal of first-plasma in July 2008 through the four month's commissioning. KSTAR was constructed with fully superconducting magnets with material of $Nb_3Sn$ and NbTi, and their operation temperatures are maintained below 4.5K by the help of Helium Refrigerator System. During the first-plasma operation, plasmas of maximum current of 133kA and maximum pulse width of 865ms were obtained. The KSTAR Integrated Control System (KICS) has successfully fulfilled its missions of surveillance, device operation, machine protection interlock, and data acquisition and management. These and more were all KSTAR commissioning requirements. For reliable and safe operation of KSTAR, 17 local control systems were developed. Those systems must be integrated into the logically single control system, and operate regardless of their platforms and location installed. In order to meet these requirements, KICS was developed as a network-based distributed system and adopted a new framework, named as EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Also, KICS has some features in KSTAR operation. It performs not only 24 hour continuous plant operation, but the shot-based real-time feedback control by exchanging the initiatives of operation between a central controller and a plasma control system in accordance with the operation sequence. For the diagnosis and analysis of plasma, 11 types of diagnostic system were implemented in KSTAR, and the acquired data from them were archived using MDSpius (Model Driven System), which is widely used in data management of fusion control systems. This paper will cover the design and implementation of the KSTAR integrated control system and the data management and visualization systems. Commissioning results will be introduced in brief.

The system discussed in this paper is an integrated stand-alone system with the full functional capabilities required of a telerobot system. It is complete with a force-reflecting 6-DOF hand controller, driving a PUMA 560 or 762 robot, with an integrated force-torque sensing wrist sensor and servo-driven parallel jaw gripper. A mix of custom and standard electronics, distributed computers and microprocessors, with embedded and downloadable software, have been integrated into the system, giving rise to a powerful and flexible teleautonomous control system.

Remote and robotic telescopes are the most effective instrument for astronomical survey projects. The system is based on the dynamic operation of all astronomical instruments such as dome and telescope control system (TCS), focuser, filter wheel and data taking camera. We adopt the ASCOM driver platform to control the instruments through the integrated software. It can convert different interface libraries from various manufacturers into a uniform standard library. This allows us to effectively control astronomical instruments without modifying codes. We suggest a conceptual design of software for automation of a small telescope such as the new wide-field 0.25m telescope at McDonald Observatory. It can also be applied to operation of multi-telescopes in future projects.