Earticle

수입보험제도가 도입된 지 3년이 지났지만 수입자용 수입보험의 인수실적이 저조해 이에 대한 문제점을 약관 을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 수입보험 약관상의 문제점을 크게 수입보험 부보범위, 보험사고 역선택, 보험계약자 의 의무 세가지 측면으로 나누어 분석하고 이에 대한 개선점을 제시했다. 먼저, 부보조건과 적용대상거래 측면에서 매우 제한적인 수입보험의 부보조건에 대한 문제점과 소비재나 일 반 물품 등으로 수입보험 적용대상을 확대할 수 있는 개선방안을 제시했다. 또한 구체적인 보험기간 및 보험 책임의 시기에 대한 규정이 없어 보험사고의 역선택을 방지하기 위한 조항이 없는 문제점도 살펴보았다. 아울 러 보험계약자의 선택이 매우 제한적으로 되어 있거나 구체적인 내용이 포함되어 있지 않아 보험계약자에게 불리하게 해석될 여지가 많은 보험계약자의 의무조항에 대해서도 분석해 보았다. 수입보험 약관 상의 이들 문제점에 대한 개선 및 보완을 통해 약관의 안정성이 제고된다면 수입보험의 내실있 는 성장과 실효성 강화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This article is a study of the stability in import insurance clauses. Especially this study concentrates on the problems and development for the scope of coverage, adverse selection and the duty of policyholder. The import insurance system is a policy tool that facilitates financing for domestic importers and indemnifies losses arising when importers cannot receive shipment on time due to breach of contract by foreign exporters or cannot recover prepayment. By the analyse, the scope of coverage is extended to the uncertainty and risk of delivery of goods. And import insurance covers to a diverse range of fields such as IT and consumer goods and knowledge and cultural contents goods. The range of insured items and trade trends in import insurance with comparison to Japan`s import insurance. As a result these changes in the K-sure create small business that can come closer to largely play a part, and that can provide a solution for small and medium enterprises. Clauses of import insurance have meanwhile shown some problems in regard of general principles of insurance. But it has the ground on special character of import insurance. Because the import insurance is a sort of company based insurance, not consumer based insurance. So I suggested that some clauses of the import insurance should be changed.

본 연구는 현재 수입보험의 부보범위에서 기술이 제외된 것에 대하여 의문을 가지고 그 원인을 분석하였다. 수입보험의 부보범위에서 기술이 제외된 것은 무역보험법과 산업발전법 사이에서의 범위가 모호하게 정의됨으로써 발생한 문제였으며, 이를 해결하는 방안으로 법 개정이 시급하다고 판단하여 법 개정 추진을 제안하였다. 더불어 무역보험공사의 서비스 구현을 위한 제언과 스마트 시대의 패러다임에 부합하는 방안을 제시하였다. 즉 Seamless, Mobile, Any time, Real time, Together (S.M.A.R.T)를 이루는 컨셉을 변형하여 논리적 연결고리를 제안하였다. 결론적으로 이러한 변화는 중소기업이 더 가까이 다가갈 수 있는 무역보험공사를 만드는 데 크게 힘을 보탤 것이며, 중소기업들이 각각 봉착하고 있는 서로 다른 문제들에 대해 쉽고 빠르게 해결책을 제시할 수 있는 무역보험공사가 될 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

In this study, the question in regards to the reason why the technical part has been excluded from the import insurance has been analyzed. Included in the following research is the statistical data on the impact of the current import insurance. The range of insured items and trade trends in import insurance with comparison to Japan's import insurance. As a result these changes in the K-sure create small businesses that can come closer to largely play a part, and that can provide a solution for small and medium enterprises.

본 연구는 한국무역보험공사가 2010년 도입하여 운영하고 있는 수입보험제도의 활용현황을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 수입보험의 인수실적이 전체 무역보험 인수실적의 1%에도 미치지 못하고 있고, 세부적으로는 금융기관용 수입보험이 99%, 대기업 사용 비중이 75%를 차지하여 특히 수입자용 수입보험과 중소기업의 사용실적이 미미하였다. 설문조사 결과, 수입보험의 사용 부진 사유가 수입보험에 대한 K-sure의 소극적 지원, 대상품목의 제한, 홍보부족 등 때문이었다. 수입 보험의 활용확대 필요성을 수입기업, 국민경제, 수출증대 측면에서 검토하였으며, 구체적인 활용 확대 방법으로 고객 친화적으로 현행 수입보험제도의 재정비, 새로운 수입보험 상품의 개발, 수입 보험에 대한 K-sure의 역할 재정립, 수입보험의 안정적 운영을 위한 재원마련 등이 도출되었다. 한편, 수입보험 확대에 따라 예상되는 문제점은 무역보험기금의 부족, 무분별한 수입증대 및 국내 생산업자의 저항 등으로 나타났다.

This study went through the current import insurance scheme as well as its usage since its inception in 2010. It turns out that the underwriting volume of import insurance was not more than 1% of that of the total amount; large corporations were a major user, i.e. approximately 75%; the underwriting amount of import insurance for importers was negligible. In addition, a survey aiming to find out a lukewarm usage in import insurance shows the following results: K-sure’s inactive support for import insurance, limitations on items, and a lack of promotion. Based on this survey, in order to increase the usage of import insurance, this study focused on a need to expand import insurance from the dimension of importers, national economy, and export enlargement. It suggests that the current import scheme be reorganized towards customer friendly, new schemes be introduced, K-sure’s role for import insurance be overhauled, enough financial resources be available for consistent operation of import insurance. On the other hand, this study points out potential ensuing problems due to the expansion such as insufficient Export Fund, indifferent import increase, and national producers’ resistance.

본 연구는 한국무역보험공사가 2010년 도입하여 운영하고 있는 수입보험제도의 활용현황을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 수입보험의 인수실적이 전체 무역보험 인수실적의 1%에도 미치지 못하고 있고, 세부적으로는 금융기관용 수입보험이 99%, 대기업 사용 비중이 75%를 차지하여 특히 수입자용 수입보험과 중소기업의 사용실적이 미미하였다. 설문조사 결과, 수입보험의 사용 부진사유가 수입보험에 대한 K-sure의 소극적 지원, 대상품목의 제한, 홍보부족 등 때문이었다. 수입보험의 활용확대 필요성을 수입기업, 국민경제, 수출증대 측면에서 검토하였으며, 구체적인 활용확대 방법으로 고객 친화적으로 현행 수입보험제도의 재정비, 새로운 수입보험 상품의 개발, 수입보험에 대한 K-sure의 역할 재정립, 수입보험의 안정적 운영을 위한 재원마련 등이 도출되었다. 한편, 수입보험 확대에 따라 예상되는 문제점은 무역보험기금의 부족, 무분별한 수입증대 및 국내생산업자의 저항 등으로 나타났다.

This study went through the current import insurance scheme as well as its usage since its inception in 2010. It turns out that the underwriting volume of import insurance was not more than 1% of that of the total amount; large corporations were a major user, i.e. approximately 75%; the underwriting amount of import insurance for importers was negligible. In addition, a survey aiming to find out a lukewarm usage in import insurance shows the following results: K-sure’s inactive support for import insurance, limitations on items, and a lack of promotion. Based on this survey, in order to increase the usage of import insurance, this study focused on a need to expand import insurance from the dimension of importers, national economy, and export enlargement. It suggests that the current import scheme be reorganized towards customer friendly, new schemes be introduced, K-sure’s role for import insurance be overhauled, enough financial resources be available for consistent operation of import insurance. On the other hand, this study points out potential ensuing problems due to the expansion such as insufficient Export Fund, indifferent import increase, and national producers’ resistance.

지난 2010년 우리나라는 수출보험법을 무역보험법으로 개정하면서 수입보험을 도입하였으나 시행 2년이 경과한 시점에도 연간 부보건수가 미미한 것은 물론 수입업계에서는 수입보험의 존재자체에 대하여도 알지 못하는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 수입보험의 특성을 검토하고, 수입자를 대상으로 수입보험에 대한 인지여부와 미활용사유 및 활용요건을 조사하여 이를 토대로 수입보험의 활용 확대 나아가 균형무역 실현을 도모하기 위한 방안으로서 수급이 불안정한자원류의 안정적 확보를 위하여 선급금 거래 시 수입보험의 활용이 적절하며, 무역금융 및 대출이율 면에서도 수입보험 부보가 유리한 점을 제시하였다.

In July 2010, Korea amended its 「Export Insurance Act」 into 「Trade Insurance Act」,overhauling the entire trade insurance system. The change in the name of the act reflects Korea’s growing concern in ensuring a better trade balance by paying greater attention not only to exports but also to imports. The change of act has led the Korea Trade Insurance corporation(K-sure) to provide import insurance as well. The import insurance could cover the risks of damage incurred by the non-performance of the contract. These could include non-refund on the pre-payment already made by the importers in accordance with the contract. Even the risks of non-delivery or the compensation there-of could covered by the insurance which is usually seen at the bankruptcy or unexpected changes of the environment of the exporters during the period of contract following-up. In Japan and Finland they also provide similar insurance. Two years have elapsed since the K-sure began to provide the import insurance, but most of the importing industry remains in the dark about the proper use of the insurance, let alone the fact that it even exists. K-sure should let importer know the benefits of import insurance and also show the way of strategic using import insurance. In addition to this, the area of the import insurance coverage could extend to the military defence industry whose volumes and importances are gradually upgraded.

Nowadays trade volumes are also symbol of competitiveness of one country. In the mean time, korea became the 7. large export country in the world(2010). The korean government has offered special effort and support to export companies. One of them is the Export credit insurance. Not only export, but also import play very important role in modern economic society. Import credit insurance in general has some special character. The import insurance and the export insurance is nonprofitable policy insurance. In korea export credit insurance was held by Korea Export Insurance Corporation(KEIC). But the KEIC was changed to Korea Trade Insurance Corporation(K-Sure) in the year of 2010. At that time the Export Credit Insurance Act was changed to Trade Credit Insurance Act. Because of this change, K-Sure handles not only export credit insurance, but also import credit insurance. K-Sure has been committed to promoting sound overseas transactions since its establishment in July 1992. K-Sure compensates the losses arising from import transactions and overseas investments that cannot be handled by the general insurance systems, and provides useful information to its customers. Always looking beyond its success, K-Sure is making effort to meet the various needs of its customers, while furthering international cooperation and striving to become one of the leading import and export credit insurance institutions in the world. Import credit insurance compensates the credit risk and emergency risk. The objects of it is the import of material resources that are very import for the national economy. Pure consumption goods are not the objects of this insurance. It is introduced in korea since July 2010. This study handles the characteristic of the import credit insurance. By the analyse, it concentrates on showing the differences between the general principles of civil based insurance and import credit insurance. The author has mentioned as example the duty of disclosure and indemnities in the field of general contract terms of import credit insurance. Cases of import credit insurance have meanwhile shown some problems in regard of general principles of insurance. But it has the ground on special character of import credit insurance. Because the import credit insurance is a sort of company based insurance, not consumer based insurance. Therefore it can be partly justified. The author tried to point out the differences between import credit insurance and general civil based insurance. And he has suggested that some clauses of the import credit insurance should be changed.

세계무역은 지정학적 정치적 불확실성으로 보호무역 조치가 확산되었다. 우리나라는 수출비중이 높아 수출중소기업들이 성장하기 위해서는 수출시장의 다변화 노력이 필요하다. 우리나라 수출중소기업 들이 글로벌 시장 진출하기 위해서는 무역보험제도의 활용이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라의 80개 수출중소기업을 대상으로 무역보험 관련 요인들이 무역대금결제위험과 수출성과에 미치는 영향관계를 검증하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 무역보험 서비스품질은 수출성과에 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 무역보험 활용은 무역대금결제 위험관리에 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 무역대금결제위험 관리는 수출성과에 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구가 선행연구와 차별화된 내용은 무역지원기관의 서비스 품질이 수출성과에 중요하고, 무역보험 활용은 무역대금결제 위험관리가 동반될 때 수출성과에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다는 것이다. 실무적 기여도는 수출중소기업들이 무역보험 활용에 방향성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

World trade has entered a stagnant state, protection trade measures are spread due to delayed economic recovery in developed countries, sluggish investment in emerging economies such as China, economic recession in resource exporting countries, and geopolitical and political uncertainties along with the election period in the US and other major industrialized countries. Thus, in the economic structure of our country with a focus on export, for small and medium enterprises to grow, efforts for having various markets are necessary. The importance of the trade insurance system, which can support the risk management of enterprises, is emphasized by the fact that the majority of SME exporters have a risk management level and a lack of corporate capacity to enter the global market. This study was surveyed with 87 small and medium export companies in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect relationship how service quality of trade insurance and utilization of trade insurance impact on the risk management of trade payment and export performance. The research hypothesis and model was derived from the basis of existing theory and empirical research, and obtained the following results. Firstly, Service Quality of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. Secondly, Utilization of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Risk Management of Trade Payment. Thirdly, Risk Management of Trade Payment showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. This study is differentiated from previous research information by empirically evaluating the relationship between the risk management of trade payment and export performance through utilization of trade insurance. This study contributed to academic by examining the research on the risk management of trade insurance and also practically suggested the direction how small and medium export company is to take the advantage of the trade insurance.