Earticle

Le Corbusier's 5 points theory has been considered as one of the important theories in modern architecture. This is published 3 times. However, Studies focusing on these 3 publications are very rare. Especially, it is most necessary to understand how horizontal windows and independent frames changed one by one. Because they are the keys of the 5 points concept. With this background, the subject of this research is to interpret implicit meanings in the changes of the 5 points, focusing on specifically the point of horizontal windows. There are three goals. First, finding major changes in 3 times of publications. Second, studying new concept about the horizontal windows point. Third, interpreting his intention of changing the 5 points theory from that. This research is limited to the second publication. Study methods are extracting, comparing and analysing of the primary documents by Le Corbusier. There are three results. Firstly, the application area of his 5 points is extended from house into urban scale and from theory into construction in part. Secondly, new keyword appeared the most at the horizontal windows point. They are all converged into one concept about independent frames. Thirdly, the implication of 5 points' changes appeared in his mentions about different social class's house type and standardization house. It is his social vision that any social class of people can have the same human living conditions by applicating the 5 points in their new house constructions. Afterwords, it is necessary to continue studies on the third publication of the 5 points. I want this study to make korean architects re-think the modern architecture vision.

Le Corbusier's window theory has been considered as one of the important theories in modern housing. However, studies focusing on its whole context and meanings in detail are very limited. With this background, the goal of this study is to interpret implicit meanings in his all documents about window concepts, included in his major publications such as「Vers une architecture」, 5 points of new architecture etc. There are three steps. First, finding major ideas and background logic in his books. Second, analyzing the famous argument between Perret & Le corbusier about the window’s form. Finally, interpreting his intention of the horizontal window concept from the 1st & 2nd publications of 5 points. Through analysis, the full implication of the horizontal window and the glass wall concepts appeared. Also, the relation between the window and the independent frames showed up. His concept of window is based on his anthropocentricism. And it is a way to approach to the perfection of house which is the ultimate goal. Especially, that means it is his social vision that any social class of people can have the favorable human living conditions by the common window module and the mass production housing.

This study is a reinterpretation about Le Corbusier's windows concept focusing on his first 5 points of modern architecture. Specifically, it is to research next 3 things. First, the relation of horizontal windows and curtain wall in his argument, secondly the reason for including Horizontal windows in his 5 points even though there is Façade. Lastly, the reason why he put Independent frames instead of Horizontal windows at his last presentation about them. It aims to provide new visions in the reading of Le Corbusier's architecture, rediscovering his perspectives for the windows. Method of study is to extract and analyze his theory about windows within the scope of the first presentation of 5 points. Contents and order are as follows. It starts from studying his early concept of windows and analyze the first 5 points manuscript which has hardly been studied. Then it focuses on discovering the window concept, showed up on 2 houses of Weissenhof siedlung because this project was the opportunity to present the 5 points theory for the first time by Le Corbusier. In summary, in chapter 2, it reveals there is a close relation of Independent frames and Horizontal windows and his curtain wall idea has already appeared in his early projects. In chapter 3, we figure out that his horizontal windows concept associates with his anthropocentrism and light concept through analyzing the first manuscript of 5 points. His main goal of 5 points is to show the Independent frame's new merits. He focused more on Horizontal windows in his 5 points manuscript because he considered only the window is able to reveal the value of Independent frame using the natural light. Ultimately, for Le Corbusier the windows are meaningful as an element which make humans utilize actual architectural liberty, cooperating with Independent frames as well as controling light. Afterwards, it is necessary to continue specific studies on the perspectives that became the background of this horizontal windows theory, such as his anthropocentrism and light concept.

In the early 20th century, many architects presented new architectural styles in order to show freedom of architecture through independent frames of reinforced concrete, and since then, creative innovation has been emphasized in the same context until today. One of the leading figures who spearheaded such trends at the time was Le Corbusier. This study quoted and examined sequentially the overall arguments of Le Corbusier who debated with Auguste Perret on windows. By examining the process of his overall arguments and the basis for each of them, the interpretation of architectural vision is the primary purpose, and the provision of an opportunity to review the fundamental meaning of windows in contemporary architecture is the ultimate purpose of this study. The results of this study revealed that windows were the new tool of the time to him, which should liberate human beings, beyond just the device to provide light, wind and views required for life. In particular, to him, horizontal windows were the tool to realize anthropocentrism as well as the factor to determine architecture. Meanwhile, he pointed out the issue of following customs that could not accept the change in architecture including windows, and this is still a significant current issue to us. Finally, it is hoped that this study can provide an opportunity of contemplating over how to realize in our time Le Corbusier's belief that puts human beings first in architecture.