Earticle

본 연구는 국내 광역지자체의 수출 성과를 단순한 수출 규모가 아닌 자원 활용의 효율성 관점에서 재평 가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2014년부터 2023년까지 17개 광역지자체를 대상으로 자료포락분석(DEA)을 활용하여 수출 효율성을 측정하고 2단계 회귀분석을 통해 효율성 결정요인을 규명하였다. 분석 결과, 지역 간 수출 효율성 에는 뚜렷한 격차가 존재하였다. 서울, 광주, 울산, 인천은 기술 및 규모 효율성 측면에서 안정적인 고효율 패턴을 유지한 반면, 제주는 규모 제약으로 인해 낮은 효율성을 보였다. 또한 결정요인 분석에서는 1인당 GRDP가 가장 영향력이 큰 변수로 나타났으며, 제조업 비중과 외국인직접투자(FDI)는 정(+)의 영향을, SOC 인프라는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 수출 정책이 단순한 물리적 인프라 확장이나 규모 확대 중심에 서 벗어나, 산업 구조의 질적 고도화와 글로벌 연계성 강화를 통해 효율성을 제고하는 방향으로 전환될 필요가 있 음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 장기 시계열 자료를 활용하여 지방정부 수출 정책을 효율성 관점에서 계량적으로 진단 했다는 점에서 학술적·정책적 의의를 갖는다.

This study aims to reassess the export performance of metropolitan and provincial governments in Korea from the perspective of resource utilization efficiency rather than export volume alone. To this end, export efficiency of 17 metropolitan governments was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the period 2014～2023, and a second-stage regression analysis was conducted to identify its determinants. The results reveal significant regional disparities in export efficiency. Seoul, Gwangju, Ulsan, and Incheon maintained stable high-efficiency patterns in both technical and scale efficiency, whereas Jeju exhibited low overall efficiency due to scale constraints. The determinant analysis indicates that GRDP per capita is the most influential variable affecting technical efficiency. The share of manufacturing industry and foreign direct investment (FDI) show positive effects, while social overhead capital (SOC) infrastructure demonstrates a negative impact. These findings suggest that local export policies should shift from a focus on quantitative infrastructure expansion and export volume growth toward enhancing efficiency through qualitative industrial upgrading and strengthened global connectivity. By employing long-term time-series data, this study provides a quantitative evaluation of local government export policies from an efficiency perspective, offering both academic and policy implications.

우리나라의 수출바우처 사업은 2017년부터 중소기업을 지원하고자 시작되어, 도입된 지 3년이 경과하였다. 2020년 현재 4년차에 접어들고 있지만, 영세 사업자나 수출 초보 종소기업이 사업 에 참여하기에는 신청절차와 서류가 복잡하고, 수행기관과 참여기관의 이해관계의 차이에서 오는 문제점이 발생하는 등 운영상 매끄럽지 않은 부분이 아직까지 존재하고 있다. 또한 물류비 지원 등 중소기업이 원하는 맞춤형 수출바우처 프로그램에 대한 니즈가 커지고 있으며, IoT, 바이오헬스 등 신사업에 대한 바우처 프로그램 개발이 현장에서 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2017년부터 2019년 기준까지 수출바우처 프로그램 참여하거나 인지하고 있는 경기도 안양지역의 기업을 대상으로 설문조사와 인터뷰 등을 통한 현황을 파악하고, 수 출바우처 사업의 수혜기업의 만족도 조사와 평가를 통해 운영상의 발전방안을 도출하여 경기 남부권의 경제활성화에 기여하고자 하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다.

Purpose : The purpose of the research is to contribute to the economic revitalization of southern Gyeonggi Province by drawing operational development measures through the satisfaction survey and evaluation of the beneficiary companies of the export voucher project. Research design, data, methodology : In this study, companies in Anyang, Gyeonggi-do Province, which participated in or recognized export voucher programs from 2017 to 2019, were surveyed and interviewed to understand the current situation, and the satisfaction survey and evaluation of the beneficiary companies of the export voucher project were conducted. Results : According to the surveys and interviews with companies in Anyang, Gyeonggi-do Province, export vouchers had difficulties such as complicated business application procedures and documents and delayed projects. In addition, as the effect of selecting the beneficiary companies for vouchers varies from project to project, efforts should be made to induce companies to participate and strengthen their capabilities by selecting customized vouchers suitable for the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises in Anyang region.

In this study, refer to cases of domestic flower exporters, important factors for flower export logistics were categorized and analyzed and efficient logistics processes were suggested. According to export profitability and product quality, important factors were categorized as quarantine, costs, lead time. By applying important factors, commonly using route- SHIMONOSEKI, reverse distribution prevented route-HAKATA, Excellent market access routes-OSAKA were analyzed and efficient logistics processes were suggested.

This study is about efficiency export and import of medical images According to the Type of Compression. PACS to be used in many hospitals and medical images export is growing more and more because cheaper and good usability than film system. Thereby export department takes a lot of time, which may cause the patient discomfort. Compression images takes less time for images export, import than nocompression images. therefore, if no significant problems clinicians to view the images, this is one method to compressed images export for reduce the time and it will provide less cost and shorter time for patient.

After the Uruguay Round, Korean agriculture industry has been protected and reared with government grants. However, until now there has been very minimal development to establish a solid export industry which can make the most of the trade agreements in place. There has been much research on ways to expand agricultural exports in order to respond properly to this ever changing environment and sustainable agricultural industry. As all other export industries, an efficient logistics network is paramount in order to allow the agricultural industry to respond to changes in demand and penetrate global markets. The lack of systematic logistics activities such as packaging, transportation, unloading, storage, and information transfer in farms has been a major factor in the inefficiency of the agricultural industry resulting in minimal development. From this perspective, 3PL was proposed and applied as a way to build on the streamlining of export of agricultural logistics system. The Agri 3PL is considered as an efficient agricultural exports method as a new concept connecting producers with exporters.

This study builds a system of indicators to gauge the growth of the digital economy and employs the entropy weight approach to gauge its state across the 15 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member countries. Then, using a panel dataset of China’s export trade to RCEP member countries from 2010 to 2022 as the study sample, an empirical analysis of the impact of the RCEP member countries’ level of digital economy development on China’s export trade is conducted based on the stochastic frontier gravity model. The empirical findings indicate that the main cause of the discrepancy between the actual and potential trade volume of China’s exports to RCEP countries is the degree of development of the digital economy as a trade inefficiency term. The level of growth of its digital economy is positively correlated with China’s exporting status, and it indicates that China’s level of digital growth, which restricts trade efficiency, is a contributing cause to the inefficiency of trade. As importing nations, RCEP members’ levels of digital economy development are negative, which indicates how the expansion of the digital economy among RCEP members has improved China’s export efficiency. In addition, the author findS that the role of the digital economy in improving the efficiency of China’s export trade became more pronounced during COVID-19 pandemic. This article proposes corresponding policy implications based on these findings.

This study examines the seafood export efficiency of 11 Asian countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI), incorporating multiple inputs to address both economic and environmental factors. The inputs include the Ocean Health Index (OHI)’s sustainable fisheries score to account for environmental sustainability, along with the number of fishing vessels, the number of workers in fisheries, and the number of workers in aquaculture to reflect the industry's operational capacity. The output is the value of seafood exports. Results show that Indonesia, India, and Korea maintained high efficiency, while China and Thailand faced inefficiencies due to scale expansion. Vietnam and Japan demonstrated potential for improving pure technical efficiency despite low overall efficiency. The Malmquist analysis revealed productivity gains through technological innovation in India and Japan, while Korea and the Philippines experienced declines. This study underscores the need for policies balancing economic performance with environmental sustainability.

As digital technology advances and online transactions become more widespread, online exports are becoming increasingly important. Online exports can be a great way for small businesses to reach overseas markets. Therefore, to promote online exports of SMEs, the Online Export Support Plan is as follows: First, it is necessary to establish an online export ecosystem so that SMEs can obtain the human resources and the financing. Second, it should support training programs for SMEs to build online export capabilities. Third, it is necessary to build the infrastructure SMEs need to facilitate online exports and address their pain points. Fourth, it is to recognize that each country’s export certification system can act as a barrier to exporting. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive support service for export certification for SMEs. Finally, it is necessary to establish online import and export transaction practices and to prepare laws and regulations that can systematically support online export SMEs.

기존 연구들은 녹색기술혁신을 하나의 통합적 개념으로 다루는 경향이 있으며 실질적인 녹색기술혁신과 전략적 인 녹색기술혁신이 기술 심화수준, 시장 가치, 기업 전략 측면에서 수출성과에 미치는 이질적 영향을 충분히 고려하 지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 2012-2023년까지 영업활동을 유지한 A주 상장기업 중 313개 제조업을 연구대상으로 녹색기술혁신, 실질적 녹색기술혁신과 전략적 녹색기술혁신이 수출성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 중오염 산업과 저오염 산업에 미치는 이질적인 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 전체 기업에서 녹색기술혁신과 실질적 녹색기술혁신이 수출성과에 정의 영향을 미치고 전략적인 녹색 기술혁신은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 중오염 산업에서는 실질적 녹색기술혁신이 수출성과에 정의 영향을 미치 는 반면 전략적 녹색기술혁신은 부의 영향을 미치는데 이는 시장경쟁력의 제고보다 환경규제의 대응을 우선시 한다 는것을 알 수 있다. 저오염 산업에서는 녹색기술혁신과 실질적 녹색기술혁신이 수출성과에 정의 영향을 미치는데 이는 환경규제의 대응보다 시장경쟁력의 제고를 우선시한다고 볼 수 있다. 국제무역 관점에서 볼 때, 이러한 연구결 과는 정부의 녹색기술혁신 유인정책을 정교화하고 기업의 혁신행태를 유도하는 데 시사점을 제공하며 고품질의 실 질적 녹색기술혁신을 통해 수출을 증가하는 메커니즘을 구축하는 데 기여할 수 있다.

This study examines 313 A-share listed manufacturing firms in China from 2012 to 2023 to analyze how overall, substantive, and strategic green technological innovation affect export performance. For the full sample, both overall and substantive green technological innovation positively influence export performance, while strategic green technological innovation is not statistically significant. In heavy-polluting industries, substantive green innovation promotes export performance whereas strategic green innovation harms it, implying a focus on regulatory compliance over market competitiveness; in low-polluting industries, overall and substantive green innovation both enhance export performance, reflecting a greater emphasis on competitiveness than mere compliance. From an international trade perspective, these results suggest that government policies and firm strategies should prioritize high-quality substantive green innovation to effectively boost exports.

This study valuates the impact of logistics quality in importing countries on Vietnam’s export efficiency and analyzes the moderating role of free trade agreements (FTAs) in the relationship between logistics and export efficiency.This study employs a quantitative methodology by utilizing Vietnam’s export data from 2000 to 2022 and applying the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) in combination with the System GMM approach.Both logistics and FTAs have a positive and statistically significant effect on export efficiency. In particular, the interaction between logistics and FTAs demonstrates a clear moderating effect that amplifies the benefits of logistics, especially for medium- and high-tech products. Additionally, specific components of logistics, such as cargo tracking, customs efficiency, on-time delivery and infrastructure quality, play an important role in enhancing export efficiency.Despite offering valuable empirical insights, this study has several limitations that future research should address. First, logistics quality in importing countries is measured using the LPI. While LPI covers key aspects, such as infrastructure, customs, service quality and timeliness, it is published only every two years. It also lacks sector-specific detail. As a result, it may not fully reflect short-term changes or risks in global logistics. Second, the model treats logistics as a single, aggregated variable. It does not separate different stages such as inbound, distribution or last-mile logistics. This may obscure how each component contributes to export efficiency, limiting the design of targeted policy responses.The findings reveal that Vietnam can enhance export efficiency by leveraging FTAs and improving logistics. For policymakers, a first priority is to develop a centralized “FTA Market Logistics Map” containing data on infrastructure, customs times, transport costs and supply chain risks across FTA partners to identify markets where logistics conditions match Vietnam’s trade priorities. It is also recommended to establish “Trade Logistics Satellites” in key hubs such as Singapore and Rotterdam to provide coordination, real-time updates and dispute-resolution support. A national “FTA Logistics Upgrade” program should target sectors such as agriculture, aquaculture, electronics and supporting industries by offering supply-chain consulting, training and pilot digital tools or new transport routes, while targeted logistics investment in high-potential firms can create broad spillovers. Finally, logistics should be treated as a strategic pillar in future FTAs with commitments to infrastructure development, digital traceability and mutual recognition of logistics service providers.For enterprises, firms should not rely only on tariff preferences but also assess logistics conditions in FTA markets. Actions should reflect sector differences with each industry focusing on its own priorities. Agriculture and aquaculture should secure carriers with temperature control and quick customs clearance, use simple real-time tracking and prepare documents for pre-arrival clearance. Low-tech industries should consolidate shipments to reduce transport costs, plan booking schedules carefully and negotiate service levels with forwarders. Medium-tech industries should strengthen documentation, seek advance customs rulings and prepare contingency plans for critical parts. High-tech electronics should diversify transport routes, maintain small buffer inventories near destination markets and sign guaranteed-time contracts. Across all sectors, firms should actively use FTA provisions on customs cooperation and digital certification to shorten clearance times and monitor key indicators such as clearance or on-time delivery rates.The study is the first to clarify the moderating role of FTAs in the relationship between logistics and export efficiency. This study provides a comprehensive policy framework to comprehensively and sustainably...

Purpose ? The semiconductor industry is an integral part of the Korean economy. Trade competition in semiconductors, the core component of the fourth industrial revolution, has become increasingly fierce. In this context, this study aims to empirically analyze the current situation, international competitiveness, and challenges faced by Korea’s semiconductor export trade from the perspective of trade efficiency by using Korea’s semiconductor export trade data. Design/Methodology/Approach ? Using a stochastic frontier gravity model, this study analyzes the data of 72 countries and regions that have been the main targets of Korea’s semiconductor exports for the past 22 years using an empirical approach to investigate the main factors affecting Korea’s semiconductor export trade, trade efficiency, and trade potential. Findings ? From the division of semiconductor export market type, there are 13 saturated countries, and the trade volume accounts for 77.86% of the total trade volume of Korea’s semiconductor exports. There were 31, 16, and 12 expansion, development, and iceberg-type countries, respectively. In addition, the regression results show that Korea’s population size and the R&D expenditures of the countries with which it trades have a significantly positive effect on semiconductor exports. Research Implications ? To date, no more systematic empirical research literature on the efficiency of Korean semiconductor export trade has been found, and this study fills the gap in the literature in this area through an empirical analysis approach. This study aims to provide a reference value in Korea’s semiconductor export trade.

서울·경기지역 중소기업의 수출바우처 지원제도에 관한 사업들 중에서 어떤 부분이 기업들에게 중요히 인식되고 있는지를 모색하고, 상대적 중요도를 밝혀 중소기업의 수출바우처 지원제도에서 우선적으로추진해야 할 사업에 대한 방향성을 정부 및 관련 기관에 제시하고자 하는데 그 연구목적이 있다. 이를 위해, IPA를 통해서 기업들이 느끼는 현재의 만족도와 상대적으로 중요한 사업들을 비교하여 유지, 집중해야 할 사업들을 도출하였으며, AHP 분석을 통해 우선순위를 도출하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로서울․경기지역 중소기업의 수출바우처 지원사업에 관한 사업의 우선순위 설정과 만족도를 증진시키는 방향으로 시사점을 제시하였다.

Among the projects related to the export voucher support system for SMEs in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions, which part is recognized as important by companies, and the direction of the project to be promoted with priority in the export voucher support system for SMEs by clarifying the relative importance The purpose of the study is to present it to the relevant government and related organizations. To this end, businesses to be maintained and focused on were derived by comparing current satisfaction felt by companies with relatively important businesses through IPA, and priorities were derived through AHP analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, this study intends to present implications in the direction of prioritization and satisfaction with the export voucher support project for SMEs in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions.

본 연구에서는 수출지원체계 효율화 방안을 제시하였는데 4가지의 효율화 방안으로 정보제공체제 시스템화, 기관간 협업체계 구축, 발전단계별 연계 지원체계 구축, 수출 연계 R&D 지원제도의 확충의 효율화방안을 제시하였다. 첫째 정보제공체제 시스템화는 정보제공 지원기능의 개선을 위하여 정보 내용의 충실성 및 전문성과 정보제공체계로 구분으로 시스템 구축을 제시하였다. 둘째, 기관간 협업체계 구축은 협업체계를 ‘Single gate(수요자 입장), Around table(지원기관 입장)’ 방식의 지원체계화하는 것에 대하여 제시하였다. 셋째, 발전단계별 연계 지원체계구축으로 수출지원체계를 수출예비 → 수출초보 → 수출유망 → 수출선도 기업으로 이어지는수출 중소기업의 성장사다리 구축을 위한 기관 및 사업간 연계지원 프로그램 운영시스템을 중심으로 운영을 하는 것으로 제시를 하였다. 마지막으로 넷째, 수출 연계 R&D 지원제도의 확충으로 중소기업에 대한 R&D 지원시 수출실적 반영비율을 상향 조정하여 글로벌화 경영 역량을 갖춘 기업들이 보다 많은 R&D 지원을받을 수 있도록 하여 중소기업 혁신활동의 글로벌 지향성을 제고하여야 함을 제시하였다.

Purpose : Global environmental change, Gangwon Province, according to market changes, including small and medium-sized export enterprises aimed at promoting the export of small businesses, and need support to carry out policy Research design, data, methodology : Local small businesses and global competence diagnosis, Gangwon-do, Korea conducted a survey for Size using recovered and effective sample analysis, diagnosis and competence of Interf-Industry geullobyeolThe attempt was made the analysis. Results : In this study, there are four efficiency plans of the export supporting system which are systemization of information provision, cooperative systems between organizations, building connected support systems for each stage, and expanding the export connected R&D support system to improve fuction of the information provision. Conclusions : First, systemization of information provision suggests the system construction that can be divided into substatial and specialized information and information provision. Second, cooperative systems suggests systematize the support of Single gate and Around gate. Third, by building connected support systems, it is suggested that export support system is operated as the connected program between organizations and businness leading to the growth of export SMEs. Finally, by expanding the export connected R&D system, influence rates of the actual export record should increase when supporting R&D to support more more for companys which is capable global competence management.

본 연구는 중소기업을 성장단계별로 구분하여 그들이 요구하는 사항에 대하여 조사하고 이를어떻게 정책에 적용할 것인지에 대한 연구를 진행하고, 그 결과를 토대로 혁신성장 육성 지원정책 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 강원지역 중소기업의 특성 및 현황 조사를 위하여 선행연구를 분석하고, 성장단계별 정책지원 방안을 연구하기 위하여 대상기업을 설정하고 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수출지원을 위한 성장단계별 요구사항을 우선순위로 비교한 결과, 정부 및 지자체에 요구하는 사항은 비슷한 결과를 보였으나, 점수면에서 성장단계별로 요구사항이 상당한 차이가 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 강원도내 중소기업의 애로사항을 조사하고 그에 따른 정책지원 효율화 방안을 도출하였다. 도출된 결과로 수요자 접근성 및 활용성 제고, 지원대상의 전략적 재설계 및 연계 적용, 지원 내용의 업그레이드, 민관 역할 분담체제로의 지원방식 전환, 지원사업 포트폴리오 재구성의 효율화 방안을 제시하였다.

Purpose : This study aims to classify small and medium enterprises(SMEs) by stages of growth, investigate their demands and how to apply them to policies, and provide base data for creating policies supporting innovative growth based on the results. Research design, data, methodology : To investigate the characteristics and present state of SMEs in Gangwon area, prospective studies were analyzed. To study policy support plans for each stage of growth, enterprises were selected and surveyed. Results : As a result of comparing the priority of demands by stages of growth, demands to central and local governments appeared to be similar, but in terms of score, demands differed significantly by stages of growth. Conclusions : This study investigated difficulties that SMEs in Gangwon area experience and derived plans for efficient policy support. As derived results, it suggested the improvement of consumer accessibility and usability, strategic redesigning and linkage application of supported enterprises, upgrade of support, change of supporting method to a private role-sharing system, and support project portfolio rebalancing.

본 논문은 수출입 기업들의 전자무역 거래에 있어서 ICT 기반의 ERP가 수출입 물류에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 M사의 물류 자 동화 창고시스템 기술사례를 통해 스마트팩토리 및 ERP 구축이 전자 무역 실무 환경에 미치는 변화를 조사해 보고자 한다. 전자 무역시 ERP가 수출입 물류에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기능적합성 측면에서 바이어가 요구하는 시스템이나 제 품의 상황에 맞게 구축된 ERP는 제공된 전자문서 기반 하에 불필요한 중복 기능 및 오류를 줄이고 절차의 간소화로 인한 시간 및 수수료 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 둘째, 사용성 측면에서 WMS 등과 연계된 ERP를 통해 무역거래 당사자들이 제공된 전자문서를 쉽게 이해하고 실행할 수 있도록 특정한 작업들의 사용조건 및 기능 등에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 셋째, 효율성 측면에서 전자 무역의 기반이 된 ICT 환경은 사용자가 시스템 또는 제품을 사용할 때 반응 처리시간 단축 및 데이터 전송 속도 향상을 위해 데이 터베이스 저장 능력 및 통신 대역폭을 확대할 수 있는 파라미터를 충족할수록 효율성은 향상된다. 넷째, 신뢰성 측면에서 ICT 환 경의 표준화를 통해 사용자가 의도된 기능 및 작업을 수행할 수 있도록 하고 시스템, 제품 및 구성요소가 하드웨어 혹은 소프트웨 어에 결함이 존재하더라도 이를 극복하고 의도한대로 작동할 수 있고 데이터를 복구할 수 있는 능력이 커질수록 신뢰성은 높아질 수 있다. 다섯째, 통합성 측면에서 전 세계가 다른 무역환경에서 거래가 이루어지더라도 시스템 또는 제품의 확장과 병합을 통해 일관성 있는 전자무역 거래가 발생한다면 무역규모 및 거래액 면에서도 많은 확대가 일어날 것이다. 여섯째, 보안성 측면에서 전 산화된 거래 환경은 무역거래 당사자들 이외의 사람들이 접근하는 것을 방지하고 제품의 정보 및 데이터를 보호하는데 있어서 훨 씬 더 능률적이다. 오늘날 국제거래의 다변화 및 수요와 공급의 글로벌화 등 제반 무역 환경이 ICT의 급격한 발달에 발맞추어 변 화될 필요성이 있다. 특히 수출입 기업들의 전자무역 거래로 기업들은 국제 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 계가가 될 수 있을 것이다.

This study aimed to examine the effects of ICT - based ERP on import and export logistics in electronic trade of import and export enterprises and to investigate the effects of smart factory and ERP construction on electronic trade working environment through technical cases of logistics automation warehouse system of M company. The effects of ERP on import and export logistics in electronic trade are as follows. First, in terms of functional suitability, the ERP built to suit the situation of the system or product requested by the buyers reduced unnecessary redundancy and errors based on the provided electronic documents as well as the time and fees incurred by simplified procedures. Second, in terms of usability, the ERP made it possible to obtain information about service conditions and functions of specific tasks for the traders to easily understand provided electronic documents and execute trade through ERP linked with WMS. Third, in terms of efficiency, the ICT environment in the basis of e-trade) enabled users to shorten the reaction processing time when using the system or product and meet the parameters that can increase the database storage capacity and communication bandwidth required for improved data transmission speed. Through this, it is possible to enhance efficiency. Fourth, in terms of reliability, standardization of the ICT environment allowed users to perform their intended functions and tasks, and enabled systems, products, and components to overcome defects in hardware or software and to operate as intended. The greater the ability to recover data, the higher the reliability. Fifth, in terms of integration, a consistent electronic trade that occurred through expansion and merging of systems or products expanded the scale and amount of trade even if trades were made in different environments around the world. And sixth, in terms of security, the computerized trade environment was much more efficient in preventing access by people other than traders concerned and protecting information and data of products. Today, various trade environments should adapt to the rapid development of ICT particularly the diversification of international transactions and globalization of demand and supply. In line with this, the electronic trade can serve as an opportunity for import-export enterprises to enhance their international competitiveness.

본 연구는 정책의 혁신효율성이 수출성과에 미치는 동태적 영향을 분석하였다. 분석은 1995년-2012년 사이의 OECD 16개 국가의 태양 및 풍력 에너지 산업 패널 자료를 이용하여 수행되었다. 동태패널 프레임워크 분석을 통해 실증분석을 위한 모형을 설정하고, 모형의 내생성과 이분산성 등의 문제를 해결하기 위해 차분 GMM(difference generalized method of moments)을 추정하고, 그 계수에 대한 월드검정을 통해 인과관계를 파악하였다. 분석결과, 태양 및 풍력 에너지 산업 모두 정책의 혁신효율성과 수출성과 간에는 장기 및 단기적으로 직접적인 동태적 관계가 형성되어 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그렇지만, 풍력에너지 산업의 경우 수출이 혁신효율성에 영향을 미치며, 이는 곧 GDP 제고에 기여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 태양에너지 산업의 경우 수출과 GDP 간 단기적으로 양방향 관계가 형성되고 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 정책의 효율성까지는 이르지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

The study is to test the dynamic relationship between innovative efficiency of policy and export performance in solar and wind energy technology industries using panel data for 16 OECD countries over the period, 1995-2012. We set up the model to test the question of how innovative efficiency of policy may affect export performance based on the results of panel framework analyses. To deal with the correlation and endogeneity problems, we estimate difference generalized method of moments, in which the coefficients are tested by performing Wald-tests. The results of the study show that in the two sectors, there is no dynamic bilateral casual relationships between innovative efficiency and export performance in the long and the short run. In wind energy technology sector, export has a positive effect on innovative efficiency of policy, which contributes to enhancement of GDP in the short run. In solar energy technology sector, the short-run bilateral casual relationship between export and GDP exists, which, but, does not lead to increase in innovative efficiency of policy.

This study is to analyze the efficiency of Korean export-oriented steel companies in 2008. The steel industry as the nation's infrastructure plays big part in main areas which are plants, shipbuilding, car industry etc. in the Korean entire economy. After financial crisis, it has been important to figure them all out. The CCR and BCC,Super TE model are used by methodology of efficiency measure. DEA(data envelopment analysis) model with four inputs and two outputs were specified and used to estimate steel industry efficiency. Steel industry was operated with technical efficiency of average 89.4%. This indicates that almost 10.6% costs can be reduced without decreasing output if the steel industry can operate efficiently. This study has 26 companies as decision making units(DMU), thus using non-parametric pearson correlation method. The correlation between input factors and output factors appears to be significantly higher, therefore the DEA model can apply to all variables. Fourteen of twenty six companies get to 100 percent in BCC efficiency, and seven of them have at 100 percent in CCR efficiency. The number of IRS in the return to scale is twelve companies which account for 50 percent of total number of DMU in this study. This is dut to the scale inefficiency of the investment shortfall from economic slump. The statement previously is consistent with the facts that the pure technical inefficiency is 4.88 percent, and the scale inefficiency is 5.93 percent. The Super TE analysis is needed to classify efficiency of seven companies which are same efficiency in technical efficiency. Dongkuk steel is ranked firstly, and SIMPACANC, Dongil industry, Glopost, Daehansteel, POSCO, SEAH Besteel are in sequence.

본 연구는 중소기업 수출지원사업의 효율성을 분석하기 위한 것으로, 자료포락분석을 이용하여 사업 간 상대적 효율성과 연도별 변화를 비교·진단하였다. 분석 대상은 전라남도에서 2023년과 2024년에 운영된 7개 수출지원사업이다. 투입 변수는 지원금액과 참여기업 수로, 산출 변수는 운영만족도와 성과도로 설정하였으며, CCR·BCC 및 SBM 모형을 적용하여 효율성과 슬랙을 함께 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 사업 간 효율성은 이질적으로 나타났고 동일한 투입 수준에서도 산출과 슬랙의 양상이 사업별로 상이하였다. 운영만족도 기준에서는 순수기술효율성은 대체로 높았으나 규모효율성과 투입 슬랙에서 차이가 확인되었으며, 성과도 기준에서는 사업별 효율성의 연도별 변화 방향이 서로 달랐다. 이러한 결과는 만족도·성과도 지표를 병행한 진단을 통해 정책을 점검하고, 효율성 관리가 필요함을 시사한다.

Purpose - This study analyzes the efficiency of SMEs export support programs by applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare their relative efficiency levels and year?to?year changes in performance. Design/Methodology - The empirical analysis covers seven export promotion programs implemented in Jeollanam?do in 2023 and 2024, including market exploration missions, overseas exhibitions, export consultation meetings, online platform support, export specialist nurturing, export infrastructure building, and export capability enhancement. Two inputs (program budget and number of participating firms) and two outputs (operational satisfaction and perceived export performance) are specified, and CCR, BCC, and slack?based measure (SBM) models are employed to estimate efficiency scores and diagnose input and output slacks. Findings - The results show heterogeneous efficiency across programs, with different output levels and slack patterns even under similar input conditions. Under the satisfaction?based specification, pure technical efficiency is generally high, while scale efficiency and input slacks vary markedly by program; under the performance?based specification, the direction and magnitude of efficiency changes between 2023 and 2024 differ across programs. Some programs, including export specialist nurturing and export infrastructure building, consistently lie on the efficient frontier, whereas others exhibit persistent or newly emerging inefficiencies. Originality/value - These findings highlight the need to move beyond simple activity or participation indicators and to manage SMEs export support programs based on relative efficiency with respect to both satisfaction and performance outcomes. Regular DEA?based monitoring can support evidence?based reallocation within the provincial policy portfolio by distinguishing between scale?related and operation?related sources of inefficiency and by tailoring improvement strategies to each program’s characteristics.

본 연구는 수출제조기업의 효율성을 분석하고, 이러한 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는데 연구목적이 있다. DEA를 활용한 수출제조기업의 효율성 분석에는 투입변수로 종업원수와 자본을 활용하고 산출변수로 매출액을 활용하였다. 수출제조기업의 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 기존 실증연구를 기초로 연구개발집약도, 수출집약도, 인건비비율, 일반관리비비율, 총자산, 유동성 및 자기자본비율을 선정하였다. 실증분석에는 369개 코스닥 수출제조기업의 2013년부터 2015년까지 3년간 패널자료를 활용하였다. 패널 Tobit 회귀분석을 활용한 실증분석결과 중에서 코스닥 수출제조기업 전체를 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도, 인건비비율, 총자산 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치고, 수출집약도가 CCR효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 코스닥 수출제조기업 중 대기업을 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도가 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 정의 영향을 미치고, 수출집약도, 인건비비율 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치고, 일반관리비비율이 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 코스닥 수출제조기업 중 중소기업을 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도, 인건비비율, 총자산 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This paper examines the determinants of efficiency in a KOSDAQ-listed manufacturing firm. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the efficiency of the export manufacturing firm. We employ two inputs (number of employees, equity) and one output (sales) in the DEA. The determinants of export manufacturing firm efficiency are estimated using the panel Tobit model. An analysis of 369 export manufacturing firms from 2013 to 2015 indicates the following results: First, the R&D intensity, the wage and salary intensity, total asset, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores. However, export intensity had a negative impact on CCR efficiency scores in a KOSDAQ-listed total export manufacturing firm. Second, the R&D intensity had a positive impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores, but export intensity, the wage and salary intensity, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on the CCR and BCC efficiency scores in a KOSDAQ-listed large export manufacturing firm. Third, the R&D intensity, the wage and salary intensity, total asset, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores; respectively, in a KOSDAQ-listed small and medium export manufacturing firm.

한국의 수출지원정책은 1997년 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 중소기업 중심으로 전환한 이후 중소기업수출액이 2011년 최초로 1,000억 달러를 초과하는 양적 성장을 거두었으나 이후 정체 수준을 보여 왔다. 이와 같은 정체의 배경에는 수출지원정책이 수출경쟁력 제고에 크게 기여하지 못한 측면도 존재하는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 중소수출기업의 수출기반확충과 수출경쟁력 제고를 위하여 2010년 이후의 주요 선행연구를 중심으로 지원정책의 문제점을 분석하고 문제점 개선을 위한 효율화 방안을 도출하였다. 연구 결과 수출지원정책의 효율화를 위해 첫째, 수출지원기관 간 기능조정과 통합, 수출단계별 지원주체의 조정, 중소기업청과 지방자치단체의 역할조정 등에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 둘째, 기업 맞춤형 지원시스템의 구축이 필요하다. 셋째, 지원기관의 인력확보 및 전문성 제고를 위해서는 무역회사 퇴직 인력 또는 청년인턴제도의 검토가 필요하다. 넷째, 일정규모 이상의 지원사업에 대하여는 외부평가의 비중을 높이고 정량평가와 정성평가 모두가 가능한 균형 잡힌 지표의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Korea's Export Support Policy has shifted from conglomerate to SMEs since the 1998 IMF financial crisis. Therefore the SME export result in 2011 has reached the quantitative growth of more than US$ 100 billion for the first time. However, the trend has remained stagnant since 2013. Such a stagnant is judged to exist on the part of the Export Support Policies that fail to significantly enhance export competitiveness. Therefore, in order to expand the base of the export capabilities of SMEs and enhance the export competitiveness, the researcher has analyzed the problems of the Export Support Policy focused from the major prior studies since 2010 and derived the efficiency improvement methods. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to select or combine the following measures. they are the coordination or combination of the functions of the export support institutions, the operation of the single export support institutions, the utilization of the cooperative support system between the support institutions, the use of the private enterprises. First, it is necessary to review the following measures: they are the functional adjustment and integration among export support agencies, the adjustment of support organizations by export stage, the role coordinating between the Small and Medium Business Administration and the Local Government. Secondly, it is necessary to build a customized support system for enterprises. Thirdly, in order to secure the manpower and expertise of the support organization, it is necessary to review the utilization of the retired manpower the from the trade companies or the youth intern system. Fourthly, it is suggested that the balanced performance index is required for the export support programs with a certain scale and need to increase the portion the external evaluation together with the quantitative and qualitative evaluation.