Earticle

The purpose of this study is to derive city service data that can improve the efficiency of urban management when integrated management and analysis among existing city service data of large cities and to analyze their integration priorities. Through this, we sought ways to evolve existing cities into data-driven smart cities. The case of this study is Goyang city where more than 1 million citizens live. The research methods are case analysis and in-depth interviews. The contents and types of 118 kinds of information systems and city services operated by Goyang City were analyzed, and two-level in-depth interviews were conducted for 36 department officials who operate them. Based on this, the priority of urban service data integration was derived by analyzing the degree of ease and demand for city service data integration. As a result, the high level of priority for integration among city service data was education, crime prevention, living environment, disaster prevention, and public transportation management. Therefore, it is better to consider the integration of city service data by prioritizing education, crime prevention, disaster prevention, living environment, and public transportation management when building infrastructure such as data hub center to build the foundation of data-driven smart cities.

산업단지의 입지와 함께 급속히 성장한 산업 중심의 도시들은 그 특성상 산업적 효율을 위한 기반시설과 공간구조 위주로 발전하게 됨에 따라 도시의 어메니티 요소에 약점을 가지는 동시에 공간구조에 있어서도 연속성이 부족하고 분절적인 구조를 나타내게 되어 지속가능한 도시를 향한 정책 추진에 여러 어려움을 겪게 된다. 최근 각국의 주요도시들에서 적용되고 있는 이른바 그린웨이 시스템은 도시의 이러한 약점들을 보완하는 동시에 도시구조를 친환경적으로 새롭게 정비하는 효과를 가지고 있어 각광을 받고 있는 계획요소이다. 포항시의 경우에도 수변공간을 비롯한 주요 자연자원들과 어메니티 공간들을 정비하고 이들을 서로 연계하는 그린웨이 시스템을 조성함으로서 녹지부족과 도시구조상의 단점들을 보완함과 아울러 지속가능한 도시로의 정비작업을 시작할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 그린웨이 개념과 본질에 대해 고찰하고 해외 주요 도시에서의 그린웨이 시스템 조성사례들을 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 포항시의 여건에 적합한 그린웨이의 조성방향을 파악해 보았다. 포항시의 도시구조와 환경여건을 고려하여 해안, 하안, 내륙삼림지대를 연결시키는 순환형 그린웨이와 이에서 도시 내부로 진입하는 형태로 조성되는 내부 그린웨이의 2 가지 위계로 조성된 그린웨이 체계가 적합한 것으로 판단하였으며, 그린웨이가 실질적인 도시민의 삶에 결부될 수 있기 위해 필요한 여러 장소 및 시설의 조성에 대해서도 그 방향성을 제시하였다. 또한 용도가 폐기되는 교통 및 각종 산업시설들이 그린웨이 계획과 함께 업사이클되어 새로운 용도로 활용될 수 있는 방안을 고려하였다 그린웨이 시스템이 단지 녹색통로만이 아닌 도심재생, 문화적 활성화 등 다양한 과제와 연결되는 종합적인 해결책이 될 수 있을 것이며, 특히 우리나라에 산재한 산업 위주 성장 도시들의 도심재생 및 도시 재구조화 작업에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Industry-centered cities usually have grown on industrial efficiency-driven basis, thus their infrastructure and spatial structure are often too much set in traditional industry showing fragmented structure and a lack of urban amenity. Greenway system introduced and adopted in various cities around world is considered to have enormous effects on transforming urban structure in a sustainable way. Pohang has grown as an steel industry city focused on industrial efficiency, and now is showing lots of drawbacks such as fragmented structure and a lack of green areas. But Pohang still has lots of potential natural resources and relocated empty areas giving a great opportunity to restructure by greenway system. This study examines Pohang’s present condition and introduces the greenway system plan as a way to make up weak points and to make the most of industry heritages. Proposed greenway system consists of 2-layered ways-citywide and local level. Citywide greenway circulating around the city is composed of 3 characteristic ways, and local greenways are the branches into the inner area. This plan is now in development process and expected to enhance the overall sustainability of Pohang and to be a model for other korean industrial cities’ development.

The purpose of this study is to derive and to apply green factors focusing on the existing old settlements, Topdong 'Yangdalmal' in Cheongju City. This study is conducted through literatures and GBCC (Green Building Certification Criteria) review. Literatures cover the traditional characteristics of farming village and the modern characteristics of urban space today. The results are following as; first, Land Use, Environment, Resource and Energy are the most important green factors by literatures and GBCC. Second, traditional elements and natural elements such as history and culture, natural resource use and passive planning are added. Finally information communication is added as the green factor showed feature of modern society.

We compared two pedestrian-only streets located on the central commercial area in Jinju. However, both of them have different characteristics such as enforcement procedures and surrounding environment. The results can be summarized as below. 1) After the authorizations of the pedestrian streets, both have shown the conversion of commercial use and the specialized phenomena which is differentiated the characteristics of streets from each other. 2) The activity pattern of pedestrians is shown to be influenced by the location such as variety spatial formations or surrounding environments. Especially the activity of the pedestrians seemed to be influenced by a large market located closely, so it has shown the street that has lost its attraction by pedestrians is easy to belong under the influences of surrounding facilities. Therefore various space maintaining plans for pedestrians need to be activated. 3) For enforcing the pedestrian streets, the merchant's participation, planning, and progressive improvement are shown to influence on maintenance of street environments a lot. This can be reconfirmed the fact that the usefulness of the community participation as the environment improvement methods is important.

네트워크 도시 모형은 지구지방화 시대 및 도시 성장의 정체시기에 활용할 수 있는 도시 성장 전략이다. 이 러한 유효성에 많은 국내 학자들은 대한민국 내 네트워크 도시 모형의 적용 하고자 시도했다. 기존의 국내 연구는 물동량이나 통근량 같은 가시적 흐름을 주로 사용하며 도시 기능을 비교적 큰 틀에서 이해한다. 이와 같은 연구 방 법은 도시 간 연계성을 쉽게 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 장점이 있으나 비가시적인 흐름이나 세분화된 산업구조를 반 영하지 못한다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계는 최근 변화한 도시 기능에 의해 더 부각된다. 최근 도시는 정보통신의 발달이나 탈산업화와 같은 물리적인 변화를 겪었고 도시 기능은 이와 같은 변화를 반영한다. 그 결과 기존의 가시 적인 흐름과 함께 정보와 같은 비가시적인 흐름이 중요해지고 도시 내 서비스업 부문이 복잡해졌으며, 기존의 연구 에서 연구대상으로 다루어지지 않았던 부분들도 도시 내 중요한 기능이 되었다. 인터라킹(Interlocking)은 비가시 적인 흐름과 고차 서비스업의 분포를 바탕으로 도시 간 연결성을 추론한다는 점에서 기존 연구의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 방법론이다. 본고는 국내에서 비교적 연구가 미약한 인터라킹을 국내 네트워크 도시 모형 연구와 비교해보고, 기존의 연구에서 네트워크 도시적 속성이 나타난다는 영남권 일대를 사례로 정보 측면, 서비스업 측면의 네트워크 도시 역량을 평가해본다.

To promote healthy development of a city and to sustain desired urban growth, it is very important to determine the precise mechanisms of land use which can be altered by various factors. Also crucial is a detailed understanding of the land use, the relevant configuration factors, the land use patterns, and the characteristics of the downtown areas. Daejeon Metropolitan City has experienced the transformation of urban structure including changes in functional distribution of its urban space due to large new town development since the 1980s. This paper analyzes the process of new town formation, particularly oriented by large-scale new town development run by the government, and identifies the characteristics of each central district, their interconnection, and the differences among them. Then, the characteristics and differences are analyzed by comparing the land uses between the existing and new central districts.

This study measures effects of an additional subway line and free inter-modal transfer system on number of subway riders of existing line in the case of Daegu metropolitan city. These effects are measured by the transformed functions of the general regression techniques. The seasonal variations of the number of subway riders were also estimated. The three main results of this study are follows. First, the additional subway line induces 16.24% or 733,226 riders (monthly base) to the existing subway line. Second, the free-transfer system increases 3.5% or 181,775 riders (monthly base) to the existing subway line. Third, there are considerable seasonal variations in subway riders. Based on these findings, some policy implications were suggested.

Excavation in a big city is different from excavation in a local area because construction methods and stability are directly connected in a loss of life. Especially, estimate of rock mass slope stability is excuted by more detail and safty work. In this study, we are made reserches in rock mass slope stability and safety method that the slope is closed by elementary school in a big city. The result of many field study and numerical analysis is shown up direct reinforcement used to anchor.

최근에 수도권 광역급행철도 A, B 및 C 노선 민간투자사업은 민간사업자가 직접 건설하고 유지관리하는 신선 구간 외에 국가철도공단이 철도시설관리권을 보유하고 있는 기존선 일반철도 구간도 함께 운행하도록 계획되어 있다. 이에 따라 민간사업시행자는 해당 일반철도 구간의 선로와 역시설을 이용한 대가를 철도시설사용료로 국가철도공단에 지불하고, 이를 운송원가에 반영해서 철도운임으로 회수할 예정이다. 수도권 광역급행철도 사례와 같이 미래에는 일반철도 구간을 이용하는 광역철도 민간투자사업이 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 명확한 일반철도 철도시설사용료 산출지침의 부재로 인한 민간투자사업의 체계적 리스크 상승은 사용료 인상을 초래하거나 정부의 재정부담을 가중시켜서 Value for Money를 감소시키는 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 고에서는 예비타당성조사 지침에 기초한 합리적인 일반철도 철도시설사용료 산출방안을 제안함으로써 기존선 이용 민간투자 광역철도사업에 대한 사업 리스크를 저감시키고자 한다.

Recently Public Private Partnership projects (PPPs) for Great Train Express (GTX) A, B and C lines has been planned to run the existing conventional line governed by Korea National Railway (KNR) as an infrastructure manager, together with PPPs new line which should be directly constructed and maintained by private concessionaire. Therefore the rail infrastructure tariff for the existing lines shall be paid by private concessionaire to KNR as the usage fee for infrastructure and station, and the operating cost including the rail infrastructure tariff for the existing lines shall be recovered by railway fare. Such as the GTX, the inter-city commuter trains running on the existing lines expect to be increased in future. However absence of the definite guideline for rail infrastructure tariff can cause an increase in project systematic risk, which can put lower Value for Money (VFM) due to increasing fiscal burden and raising rail fare. This paper focus on lowering risk of inter-city commuter trains running on existing line by proposing how to estimate rail infrastructure tariff of conventional trains.

Purpose : With the elongation of the average life span, the main causes of death are chronicle illness including cancers resulting in a large amount of medical resources. And there are still many patients to whom a sufficient medical care is not given. All these bring on the uneven distribution of medical resources together with the increase of medical cost. Hence, an efficient system should be set up to solve these problems. Methods : The hospice draws a great attention as a resolution of high medical cost and uneven medical resource distribution, and has been proved to be an alternative to the existing medical system. So, the characteristics of the hospice has been reviewed, particularly with respect to its scopes and related resources. And by tracking the actual cases, the necessary services and supports are investigated. Results : The intrinsic characteristics of hospice is that it executes not only the medical exercise but also all the subjects related with patients and their families. And the hospice is performed not only by the medical experts but also by all the disciplines including social and spiritual affairs. This indicates that the hospice requires the integrated system comprised of medical, social and other welfare entities. Conclusion : To establish the actual hospice, an efficient and systematic integration of all the existing medical and other welfare resources in the local society is necessary. The most practical way is the networking of resources, which practices the hospice more efficiently without additional investment.

혁신도시는 참여정부시절에 수도권의 과밀화를 해소하고 국가균형발전과 국가 경쟁력 강화를 위해 수도권소재 175개 공공기관을 12개 시·도로 분산·이전할 수용공간을 마련하여 자립형 지방화의 거점도시를 만들고자 개발된 새로운 개념의 도시개발방식이라 할 수 있다. 혁신도시들은 일반적인 도시개발과 달리 지역 특성과 지역적 수요를 고려하여 개발된 것이 아니라 국가의 정책적 수요에 의해 조성됨에 따라 기존시가지에 미치는 영향이나 기존시가지 도시공간구조와의 연계 등이 심층적으로 검토되지 못하고 짧은 기간내에 개발됨으로써 기존 시가지에 새로운 도시문제를 안기게 되었다. 본 연구는 혁신도시의 개발이 진행됨에 따라 기존 시가지에 미칠 것으로 예상되는 영향을 분석하고 추후 개발 진행과정에서 기존시가지의 도시공간에 미치게 될 긍정적 요소와 부정적 요소를 파악함으로써 기존 시가지와 조화로운 혁신도시건설이 이루어질 수 있도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 진주혁신도시는 큰 틀에서 국가 균형발전을 목적으로 개발되었다. 이에 따라 혁신도시개발은 도시개발규모면과 개발방식에 있어서 기존 도시의 개발과는 많은 차이점을 보여주고 있다. 외곽지역을 제외한 진주 도시지역의 면적과 비교하면 경남혁신도시는 진주지역 면적의 5.8%에 해당하며 진주도심지 면적의 21.4%에 해당하는 면적이며, 계획인구는 현재 인구의 약 10%에 해당되는 거대한 도시개발규모이다. 혁신도시가 건립되면서 기존 구도심에 변화를 일으키는 것으로 분석되었는데, 그중에서 긍정적 영향은 도시규모의 확대와 진주시의 서부권도시개발에 집중해오다 단기간에 동부권 도시개발의 중심지가 되면서 진주도시 전체적으로 균형잡힌 도시개발이 되었다. 또한 오랫동안 낮은 인구증가율을 올릴 수 있는 요인이 되었다. 그리고 공공기관의 이전과 대형유통매장의 건립 등으로 고용창출과 세수증가가 늘어나게 되었다. 부정적인 영향은 내부의 인구 이동과 도시의 쇠퇴 현상으로, 진주시 중앙동 상업시설과 주거시설에서도 급속한 쇠퇴와 지가하락이 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 혁신도시의 건립으로 진주시와의 새로운 역할 분담이 필요하게 되었다. 도심의 종합적인 활성화 계획 수립이 필요하고 중심지 기능을 보다 강화 하면서 혁신도시와의 유기적 관계를 형성하는데 노력을 해야 할 것이다. 또한 혁신도시는 독립된 하나의 도시로 자리매김할 것이 아니라 진주시의 일원으로서 자연스럽게 정착되어져야 할 것이다.

Government. It's main purpose was to solve the overpopulated problems in Korean capital area, to upgrade national competitive power and achieve balanced development between regions in Korea. As Innovation City's plan and site development made by politic needs was constructed in short time, it has been developing without adequate considering of regional development demand and characteristics, even more harmony and relationship with existing urban spatial structure. Accordingly, it was resulted in serious urban problem like as population emptiness and deterioration in existing downtown. Gyeongnam Innovation City is the biggest urban development project in respect of it's scale and urban function, residential environment etc. in Jinju, and guess to affect seriously existing downtown as it's construction proceeds. Therefore, this study aims to analyse effects of existing urban spatial structure in the course of development of Gyeongnam Innovation City, and to classify positive and negative factors affecting existing downtown of it, finally, to be harmony construction between existing downtown and Gyeongnam Innovation City. As a result of this study, development of Gyeongnam Innovation City was affected negatively to existing downtown in Jinju, especially, commercial and residential area. Real estate price has been declining in commercial area and emptiness in residential area was occurred in existing downtown.This is serious problem in considering that Gyeongnam Innovation City is not developed completely.

부산은 서울 다음의 한국의 2대 도시이다. 근대 이후 부산은 광복동 1도심 체제였으나 1980∼1990년대를 지나면서 서면 신도심이 형성되어 2도심 체제를 유지하고 있다. 부산 구도심은 도시발전이 정체되고경제활동이 침체해 가는 가운데 도심 공동화 현상도 심화되고 있다. 현재, 부산은 중심시가자의 쇠퇴 및구도심 노후화, 부도심 확대와 다핵화라는 변화에 직면해 있으며 저하된 도시활력을 높이고 도시경쟁력을 강화시켜야 할 필요가 있다. 신도심과 구도심은 각기 다른 역사성을 내재하고 각각의 고유한 공간 구조적 특성을 갖고 있으므로, 앞으로의 도심 활성화는 이러한 역사성을 보전하는 가운데 활성화 방안을 찾고, 신구도심 상호간 기능 보완및 역할 분담을 도모하는 종합적인 재생 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 부산 구도심과 신도심의 형성과정과 토지이용특성 및 도시공간구조를 파악하고 이들 도심을비교 분석하여 궁극적으로 도심을 활성화 시킬 수 있는 도시계획적 정책방향 제시에 기여함을 목적으로하였다.

Busan is the 2nd largest city in Korea after Seoul. This port city previously had one downtown area, Gwangbok-dong, but later as the area rapidly grew and developed in the 1980s and 1990s, a new downtown emerged, known as ‘Seomyeon’. Today, the old downtown area of Gwangbok-dong shows signs of sluggish growth, and economic activities remain stagnant. Unfortunately, this decline phenomenon of the old downtown area shows no signs of abating soon. With the diminishing strength of its urban centers, including its deteriorating old downtown areas and the expansion of sub-centers, Busan is now moving toward a polycentric system unless it can effectively revitalize its downtowns and improve its urban competitiveness. Busan’s old and new downtowns have different histories and each of them have unique spatial structures. Therefore, the local government should seek a comprehensive strategy to preserve the historic values of both Gwangbok-dong and Seomyeon, to revitalize these old and new downtowns that can mutually complement each other’s functions and share their roles. This study aims to present a policy direction of urban planning, which can ultimately be used to revive the declining downtown areas. By highlighting a development process of the old and new downtowns in Busan, their land use characteristics, and urban spatial structures, this paper conducts a comparative analysis on the downtown areas.

Recently there has been increasing interest in "low carbon" and "green growth" as alternative ways to cope with global climate change and the rising environmental crisis. As a result, studies on how to plan a “low-carbon green city” are being conducted in diverse areas. In this context, the Korean Central Government has suggested a new policy direction they call the ''Low Carbon Green Village," and announced a plan for building a total of 600 Green Villages by 2020. These Green Villages can be divided into five types: Urban, Rural, Urban-rural, Mixed Mountainous, and Fishing. In this study, the concept of "Urban Green Village" was applied in the existing built-up metropolitan areas of Daegu City. Results showed that it is difficult for a small neighborhood unit in a metropolitan area to install both a biomass energy system and a natural energy system (e.g., photovoltaic systems, geothermal heat energy systems, etc.), which was proposed as basic infrastructure changes by the Ministry of Environment. However, it is possible to achieve the primary purpose of the Green Village Plan ? the installation of renewable energy systems and the inspiration of self-supplying, adequate energy demands - when both photovoltaic and geothermal energy systems are to be installed in neighborhoods. This study reveals that it is necessary to amend the original concept of Urban Green Village suggested by the Ministry of Environment. Instead, a new model entitled "Urban Green Village with Self-supplied Energy" should be investigated for existing residential areas that include the amount of land necessary to house a geothermal heat energy system.