Earticle

현재 마이크로 LED (Light Emitting Diode)는 디스플레이와 함께 조명 분야에서 관심을 받고 있으며, 높은 휘도, 빠른 동작 속도, 에너지 효율, 오랜 시간 동작 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 스마트폰, 텔레비젼, 웨어러블 전 자소자 등에서 새로운 혁신을 불러올 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 마이크로 디스플레이는 마이크로미터 크기의 LED 소 자들로 이루어진 픽셀로 구현되며, 자체적으로 빛을 내는 자체발광형 디스플레이다. 주요 제조 공정으로는 결정성장, 패터닝과 식각, 칩 분리와 전사, 본딩과 배선, 패널 조립과 봉지, 검사와 품질 관리 등으로 구분할 수 있다. 최근 몇 년 동안 이 기술은 빠른 속도로 발전했으며, 기업들이 이러한 분야에의 투자를 확대하고 있다. 최신 시장 조사 결과 에 의하면, 마이크로 LED 디스플레이 시장은 지속적으로 성장할 것으로 관측되고 있으며, 주요 발전 방향은 제조 공정 개선, 소재 혁신, 구동 기술 발전 등으로 요약할 수 있다. 이러한 연구를 통해 상용화가 가속화되어 높은 성능 과 다양한 응용 가능성으로 디스플레이 산업의 혁신을 이끌 것이라 판단된다.

Currently, micro LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) are attracting attention in the lighting field along with next-generation displays and have advantages such as high luminance, operating speed, energy efficiency, and long-term driving. It is predicted to bring new innovations in smartphones, televisions, and wearable electronic devices. These micro displays are self-luminous displays that emit light by themselves by being implemented as pixels composed of micrometer-sized LED devices. The main manufacturing processes can be divided into crystal growth, patterning and etching, chip separation and transfer, bonding and wiring, panel assembly and encapsulation, inspection, and quality management. Recently, this technology has developed at a rapid pace, and companies are expanding their investments in these fields. According to recent market research results, the micro LED display market is expected to continue to grow, and the main development direction of development can be summarized as manufacturing process improvement, material innovation, and driving technology development. It is believed that commercialization will accelerate through these studies and lead to innovation in the display industry with high performance and various application possibilities.

본 연구에서는 스마트폰 이용동기가 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광고태도와 광고회피에 미치는 영향을 확인하였 다. 또한, 광고침입성의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 연구참여자는 309명이며 설문조사방법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였 다. 공변량구조분석을 이용하여 스마트폰 이용동기와 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광고태도간의 인과관계를 분석하였으 며, 광고침입성의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 스마트폰 이용동기는 스마트폰 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광 고태도에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 스마트폰 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광고태도가 광고회피행동에 유의미한 영 향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 스마트폰 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광고태도는 지각된 광고침입성에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 넷 째, 스마트폰 에플리케이션 디스플레이 광고의 침입성 지각은 광고회피행동에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로, 스마트폰 어플리케이션 디스플레이 광고태도와 광고회피 행동간에 인과관계에서 광고침입성 지각은 매개효과를 미쳤 다. 본 연구결과는 광고회피 행동을 감소시키는 전략을 제안하는데 기여할 것이다.

The effect of smartphone usage motivation on application display advertising attitude and advertising avoidance was investigated. In addition, the mediating effect of advertising intrusion was confirmed. The total number of participants in the study was 309, and the data collection method used a survey method. Covariate structural analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between smartphone usage motivation and advertising attitude and the mediating effect of perceived intrusion on advertising avoidance. There are five results. First, the motivation for using smartphones had a significant effect on the display advertising attitude of smartphone applications. Second, the display advertising attitude of the smartphone application had a significant effect on the advertising avoidance behavior. Third, the display advertising attitude of smart phone application had a significant effect on perceived advertising intrusion. Fourth, the perception of intrusiveness of display advertising in smartphone applications had a significant effect on advertising avoidance behavior. Finally, it was confirmed that the perceived ad intrusion has a partial mediating effect in the causal relationship of the smartphone application display advertising attitude to the ad avoidance behavior. The results of this study will contribute to suggesting strategies to reduce advertising avoidance behavior.

본 연구는 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 통해 기존 유사 매체에서 광고회피에 영향을 미치는 요인들로 확인된 광고태도와 지각된 광고 침입성, 그리고 스마트폰 이용동기가 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플 레이 광고회피에 영향을 미치는가를 확인 하였다. 또한 매체변인으로 스마트폰 이용량에 따라 광고회 피에 차이가 있는지를 확인 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 광고태도 중 긍정광고태도는 스마트폰 애플리케이 션 디스플레이 광고회피에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 부정광고태도는 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 광고의 지각된 침입성은 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피 에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스마트폰 이용동기 중에서는 학습/업무활용성과 과시성이 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 생활편의성은 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피에 대한 각 요인들의 상대적 영향력을 확인한 결과 긍정광고태도의 영향력이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 지각된 광고 침입성, 과시성동기, 오락성동기, 부정광고태도 순으로 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 스마트폰 이용동기에 대한 요인구조를 확인함으로써 추후 이와 관련한 연구의 기초자료를 제공하였으며, 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고를 제작하는 실무자에게 크리에이티브 전략과 타깃을 고려해 야만 하는 제작 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대한다.

This study examined the factors that affect the display ad avoidance smart phone application. Ads advertising them for advanced study in similar media advertising avoidance as factors affecting attitudes and perceived intrusion, and smart phones using synchronous. Smart phone application display ads, avoidance of these factors affect to confirm. In addition, the media smart phone used, depending on the amount of advertising to see if there are differences in avoidance variables were examined. Firstly, a positive attitude toward advertising showed a negative effect on ad avoidance, negative attitude toward the ad was found to have a positive effect. Second ad perceived intrusion of the castle was found to have a positive effect on ad avoidance. Third, the motivation had a negative effect on ad avoidance learning and work usability and splurge. Life, ease of motivation had a positive effect. Was the most influential advertising Finally, a positive attitude toward the ad to avoid higher was flaunts motivation, entertainment, motivation, negative attitude toward advertising in order to affect the perceived advertising invasive. Smartphone motivation associated with the use of research results in the future of the study was to provide basic data, it is expected that the smart phone application to create display ads practitioners to consider creative strategies and targets to give the production implications

본 연구는 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고회피에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보고자 하는 목적에서 시작하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 광고의 지각된 침입성에 대한 요인분석 결과 단일 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 광고의 지각된 침입성은 광고회피에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스마트폰 이용동기에 대한 요인분석 결과 7개의 요인으로 나타났다. 즉, 정보획득, 오락성, 학습/업무활용, 멀티미디어 활용, 생활편의성, 시간 활용으로 나타났다. 학습/업무활용성 동기와 생활편의성 동기가 높으면 광고회피 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 스마트폰에 대한 관여도에 따라 광고에 대한 지각된 침입성에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 고관여 집단이 저관여 집단보다 정보획득, 오락성, 사회적 관계형성, 멀티미디어 활용, 생활편의성, 시간활용 동기가 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 스마트폰 애플리케이션 디스플레이 광고를 제작하는 광고실무자에게 스마트 폰 사용자가 광고회피 행위를 줄일 수 있는 해답을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

This study were investigated to the factors affecting smart phone applications to avoid display ads. The results of this study are as follows. First, factor analysis, propensity for advertising intrusion was the result of a single factor. Also showed significant effect advertising intrusion ad avoidance tendency. Second, the smartphone motivation for the use of the results of factor analysis, seven factors were, Entertainment, information acquisition, learning/work use, multimedia use, ease of life, time leverage, respectively. Showed low levels of advertising avoidance learning/working synchronous usability and ease high motivation life. Finally a smart phone for involvement that there is no significant difference in advertising intrusion tendency appeared. High involvement group was obtaining information, entertainment, social relationships, and multimedia use, ease of living, time management motivation significantly higher than the low involvement group. The results of this study it is expected that the smartphone application smartphone users to reduce evasion of advertising practitioners to give answers to create display ads advertising

본 논문은 어린 학생들을 위한 새로운 프로그래밍 학습시스템을 소개한다. 프로그래밍 학습시스템은 LED디스플레이키트와 웹플로우챠트로 구성되어진다. LED디스플레이키트는 플로우챠트 프로그래밍에서 작성된 알고리즘의 명령들을 실행할 때 만들어지는 다양한 모양을 표시하는 출력장치로 사용되어진다. 웹플로우챠트 시스템에서는 수식 계산을 위해 심볼 변수를 사용하며 학습자가 드래그 앤 드롭 방식으로 플로우챠트를 작성하여 다양한 모양과 애니메이션을 출력할 수 있도록 해준다. 본 학습시스템을 활용하여 2005년 2학기부터 2009년 1학기 동안 다양한 학습자 그룹에 대해 프로그래밍 수업을 적용하였으며 수업한 내용과 분석한 결과를 제시한다. 프로그래밍 수업 대상자는 초등학생, 영재교육원 학생, 대학생 및 교사이다. 수업에서 실시한 설문조사에서 학습자의 반응은 매우 긍정적이었다.

In this paper, we introduce a new programming learning system for young students. The programming learning system consists of a LED display kit and a web-based flowchart system. The LED display kit acts as an output device by way of displaying lights while following a set of instructions given through a flowchart programming. In the flowchart system, the students use symbolic variables for the calculation and can get various displays or animations after creating a flowchart by drag-and-drop. Then we describe the survey results of various programming classes using our system between fall 2005 and spring 2009. The programming teaching was conducted with diverse groups such as elementary school students, gifted students, college students, and teachers etc. The responses from our in class surveys were generally positive.

Interactive patterns are able to promote the notion of interaction in groupware application development. Hence, these patterns improve the students’ engagement and promote problem solving collectively. This paper reports on the usability of the interactive patterns in designing and developing a collaborative language application. With interactive patterns, we are able to design and develop two different interactive shared single display education applications. RimbaIlmu is an after school programme to allow students to learn Bahasa Malaysia during their free time. RICLAT is an authoring tool for collaborative presentations. The patterns are useful to enrich the interaction among both education applications. Also, it facilitates more effective communication among the group members and enriches the interaction for students based on the qualitative analysis.

To display β-galactosidase whose bacterial surface display is not easy due to its tetramer formation and large size (116 kDa), Bacillus subtilis spore display system was developed. Among Bacillus subtilis spore coat proteins, eleven coat proteins were examined, and CotE and CotG were selected. SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins extracted from purified spore of Bacillus subtilis, FACS analysis of purified spore, protease accessibility test proved successful surface display of β-galactosidase on Bacillus subtilis spore. β-galactosidase displayed on Bacillus spores was used as a whole-cell immobilized biocatalyst for transgalactosylation in water-solvent biphasic reaction systems. Successful display of GFPUV and streptavidin using Bacillus subtilis spore can be used for various biotechnological application.

For several decades, Escherichia coli has been considered as the most important host for recombinant protein production because of rapid growth, easy gene manipulation, easy scale-up etc. In addition, recent developments of various protein display system have allowed E. colI to be an useful tool in protein engineering. Previously we have developed new protein display system, Anchored Periplasmic Expression (APEx) system, in which protein is anchored on the inner membrane of E. coli via lipoprotein fusion. Combination of flow cytometry (FC) and APEx system make it possible to do high throughput screening of protein variant with odified/improved properties such as different specificity, maturated affinity, enhanced stability etc. Recently, based on APEx system, we have developed new 2-hybrid system (APEx 2-hybrid) in which two interacting proteins are coexpressed and is suitable for proteomic study as well as high throughput screening for protein engineering. Various applications of APEx and APEx 2-hybrid systems toward antibody engineering (affinity maturation of antibody fragments and full-length IgG, development of intrabody etc.) will be presented.

Based on Smart Phone, this study added and implemented the mobile App to the existing IT agriculture system, which system automatically controlled green house’s growth environment. The mobile App was developed by referring to the guideline to establish the mobile e-government service for ‘Ministry of Public Administration And Security’ in Korea, based on which environment the study developed the hybrid-App by referring to advanced technologies and how to design them related to the mobile App development. Because the mobile App characterfully possesses high portability, limited resource, mobile wireless network support, enterprise mobile computing support, etc., the hybrid-App should be inevitably adopted. The hybrid App can minimize resource consumption for performing related duties and also, in spite of the mobile device’s limits, it can derive high performance, in which facts the system can ensure the service-based architecture’s reliance and also, implements the highly sophisticated functionality as well. Through the proposed system, the study expects to contribute to improve quality of life as well as to increase farmer’s income through IT-based agriculture system development..

In this work, the ITO thin films were prepared by FTS (Facing Targets Sputtering) system under different sputtering conditions which were varying $O_2$ gas flow, input current at room temperature. As a function of sputtering conditions, electrical and optical properties of prepared ITO thin films were measured. The electrical, optical characteristics and surface roughness of prepared ITO thin films were measured. In the results, as increasing $O_2$ gas 0.1[sccm] to 0.7[sccm], resistivity of ITO thin film was increased with a decreasing carrier concentration, $O_2$ gas over 0.3[sccm] the carrier mobility have a similarly value. Transmittance of prepared ITO thin films were improved at increasing $O_2$ gas 0.1[sccm] to 0.7[sccm]. And transmittance of all of the prepared ITO thin films was over 80%. We could obtain resistivity $6.19{\times}10^{-4}[{\omega}{\cdot}cm]$, carrier mobility $22.9[cm^2/V{\cdot}sec]$, carrier concentration $4.41{\times}10^{20}[cm^{-3}]$ and transmittance over 80% of ITO thin film prepared at working pressure 1mTorr, input current 0.4A without any substrate heating.

The role of $NH_3$ for vertical alignment of CNTs was investigated. The direct cause of the alignment was a dense distribution of catalytic metal particles, but which was kept catalytically active during the growth process by $NH_3$. This allows a dense nucleation of the CNTs, and consequently, assists vertical alignment through entanglement and mechanical leaning among the tubes. The CNTs grow in a base growth mode. Several evidences were presented including a direct cross-sectional TEM observation. Since Ni is consumed both by silicide reaction and by capture in the growing tube, the growth stops when Ni is completely depleted. This occurs faster for smaller particles, and thus a longer growth results in thin bottom with poor adhesion.

New phosphors that enable the 3D application of PDP have been developed The decay times of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$, $(Y,Gd)Al_3(BO_3)_4:Tb^{3+}$ and $(Y,Gd)_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ were extremely shorter than those of conventional PDP phosphors. The color coordinates and intensities of the phosphors were also suitable for PDP For the first time in PDP industry, 3D/2D switchable PDP has been commercially available by adopting the phosphors.

This paper presents a study on the tubeless Plasma Display Panel (PDP) packaging using glass-to-glass electrostatic bonding with intermediate amorphous silicon. The bonded sample sealing the mixed gas with three species showed high strength ranging from 2.5 MPa to 4 MPa. The glass-to-glass bonding for packaging was performed at a low temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ by applying bias of 250 $V_{dc}$ in ambient of mixed gases of He-Ne(27 %)-Xe(3 %). The tubeless packaging was accomplished by bonding the support glass plate of $30mm{\times}50mm$ on the rear glass panel and the capping glass of $20mm{\times}20mm$. The 4-inch color AC-PDP with thickness of 8 mm was successfully fabricated and fully emitted as white color at a firing voltage of 190V.

Purpose: The electrochemical corrosion behavior of tin oxide film coated on PET substrates has been studied under varying concentrations of acrylic acid to investigate possible corrosion in contact with the acidic environment. Method: Potentiodynamic test was performed for a commercial ITO/PET film in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M of acrylic acid. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results: Potentiodynamic test results showed an increase in Icorr and decrease in Ecorr value with increasing concentration of acid. Microscopic evaluation suggested the presence of certain deep cracks on the surface of the film in addition with a severe acidic attack. Conclusion: Exposure of ITO to acrylic acid resulted in the stress corrosion cracking of ITO film due to the mechanical mismatch between brittle inorganic ITO fim and a compliant organic PET substrate leading to the subsequent failure of the film.

Recently LG.Philips LCD (hereafter "LPL") has announced the development of the world's largest 100-inch TFT-LCD with Advanced Super IPS technology. This magnificent LCD achieves the feature of a full high definition resolution $1920{\times}1080(16:9)$, 600nit brightness, 3000:1 dynamic contrast ratio, 92% color gamut, 180 degree viewing angle, and 5msec response time at all grays, targeted for HDTV and public display applications. Some unique technologies such as Cu bus line, advanced wide view polarizer, and high color gamut lamp were applied. A new stitching free technology was developed to overcome the size limitation of photo mask in both the TFT and CF processes. The size of the panel (100-inch) based on the wide format (16:9) is determined by the maximum efficiency of world's $1^{st}$ seventh generation line (glass size:$1950{\times}2250mm$) in LPL's Paju display cluster. In this paper, we will discuss the issues of 100-inch TFT-LCD.

2004년 일본의 Hosono 그룹에 의해 처음 발표된 이래로, amorphous gallium-indium-zinc oxide (a-GIZO) thin film transistors (TFTs)는 높은 이동도와 뛰어난 전기적, 광학적 특성에 의해 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 또한 넓은 밴드갭을 가지므로 가시광 영역에서 투명한 특성을 보이고, 플라스틱 기판 위에서 구부러지는 성질에 의해 플랫 패널 디스플레이나 능동 유기 발광 소자(AM-OLED), 투명 디스플레이에 응용될 뿐만 아니라, 일반적인 Poly-Si TFT에 비해 백플레인의 대면적화에 유리하다는 장점이 있다. 최근에는 Y2O3나 ZrO2 등의 high-k 물질을 gate insulator로 이용하여 높은 캐패시턴스를 유지함과 동시에 낮은 구동 전압과 빠른 스위칭 특성을 가지는 a-GIZO TFT의 연구 결과가 보고되었다. 하지만 투명 디스플레이 소자 제작을 위해 플라스틱이나 유리 기판을 사용할 경우, 기판 특성상 공정 온도에 제약이 따르고(약 $300^{\circ}C$ 이하), 이를 극복하기 위한 부가적인 기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 p-type Si을 back gate로 하는 Inverted-staggered 구조의 a-GIZO TFT소자를 제작 하였다. p-type Si (100) 기판위에 RF magnetron sputtering을 이용하여 Gate insulator를 증착하고, 같은 방법으로 채널층인 a-GIZO를 70 nm 증착하였다. a-GIZO를 증착하기 위한 sputtering 조건으로는 100W의 RF power와 6 mTorr의 working pressure, 30 sccm Ar 분위기에서 증착하였다. 소스/드레인 전극은 e-beam evaporation을 이용하여 Al을 150 nm 증착하였다. 채널 폭은 80 um 이고, 채널 길이는 각각 20 um, 10 um, 5 um, 2 um이다. 마지막으로 Furnace를 이용하여 N2 분위기에서 $500^{\circ}C$로 30분간 후속 열처리를 실시한 후에, 전기적 특성을 분석하였다.

We demonstrate an optically compensated bend (OCB) cell with pixel-isolating polymer wall. The polymer wall is formed by anisotropic phase separation of LCs and UV-curable polymer. The fabricated cell is initially in ${\pi}-twisted$ state so that it shows uniform and fast bend transition without any transition nucleus. The proposed cell has lower driving voltage than conventional OCB cell. Also, the polymer wall provides mechanical stability, hence preventing distortion of display image from external pressure.

We fabricated an optically compensated bend cell with pixel-isolating polymer wall. The polymer wall was formed by phase separation of LCs and UVcurable polymer. The fabricated cell had initially ${\pi}-twist$ state. It showed low driving voltage, wide viewing angle and fast response properties. Also, polymer wall provided the mechanical stability preventing distortion of a display image from pressure.

ZnO:Al(AZO) has been investigated for the photovoltaic cell or TCO(Transparent Conductive Oxide) of the display, because it has good electrical and optical properties. In this study, the ZnO:Al(AZO) thin film prepared on variation of substrate temperature by FTS(Facing Targets Sputtering) system. In case of TCO, because resistivity and roughness values affect the lighting of the OLED, their factors are very important. Therefore, in this paper, the electrical and optical properties of the AZO thin film were investigated with the deposition conditions and its roughness was investigated on variation of the substrate temperature. In results, AZO thin film deposited with the transmittance over 80% and the resistivity was reduced from $1.36{\times}10^{-3}$ [O-cm] to $4{\times}10^{-4}$ [O-cm] with increasing the substrate temperature from R.T to $200[^{\circ}C]$. Especially, we could obtain the resistivity $4{\times}10^{-4}$ [O-cm] of AZO thin film prepared at working pressure 1[mTorr], input current 0.4[A] and substrate temperature $200[^{\circ}C]$.