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Generative AI technology, which represents the artificial intelligence era, is developing faster than any other field in image production and is being applied to practice. The purpose of this study is to explore various ways to use Generative AI by deriving the characteristics and types of Generative AI use cases of book cover design among visual design fields. The research method investigated the concept of Generative AI and the current status of use in the field of visual design through literature. Based on this, the book cover design cases were analyzed using the Generative AI currently published, and design characteristics and types were derived. As a result of the study, Generative AI book cover design could be divided into two characteristics: ‘Indirect Expression’ and ‘Direct Expression’ and three types: ‘Image Transfer’, ‘Image Transformation’, and ‘Image Expansion’. Future uses of generative AI in book cover design will need to understand the format of the book, be able to describe a lot of knowledge and experience for prompting, and generate a lot of images for inspiration. Numerous Generative AI tools exist today. In the future, it should be the basis for designers to effectively handle Generative AI by analyzing commercial outcomes created by Generative AI in various design fields to create creative outcomes that can be used in practice beyond the use of tools.

e-Learning content can be defined as digital content to achieve educational goals. Since it is an educational material that can be distributed in offline, online, and mobile environments, it is important to create content that meets the learner's education environment and educational goals. In particular, if the learner is a public official, the vision, philosophy, and characteristics of each local government must reflect. As non-face-to-face online education expands further due to the COVID-19 pandemic, local governments that have relied on onsite education in the past urgently require developing strong basic competency education and special task competency content that reflect regional characteristics. Such e-learning content, however, hardly exists and the ability to independently develop them is also insufficient. In this circumstance, this case study describes the process of self-production of e-learning content suitable for Busan's characteristics by the Human Resource Development (HRD) Institute of Busan City, a local government. The field of instructional design and instructional technology is always evolving and growing by blending technological innovation into instructional platform design and adapting to the changes in society. Busan HRD Institute (BHI), therefore, tried to implement blended learning by developing content that reflected the recent trend of micro-learning in e-learning through a detailed analysis. For this, an e-learning content developer with certain requirements was selected and contracted, and the process of developing content through a collaboration between the client and developer was described in this study according to the ADDIE model of Instructional Systems Development (ISD).

Architects are facing increasing risks that result from heightened expectations of benefits and performance when designing green buildings compared to traditional buildings. This study aims to explore the possible risk factors for architects in green building projects in South Korea and assess risk mitigation measures. To attain this goal, 14 risk factors and 12 mitigation measures were determined through an extensive literature review. A questionnaire was administered to architects practicing green building design and criticality index was employed to assess major risk factors and mitigation measures. This study identified 'adoption of new technology and process', 'green building certification results', 'building products and materials', and 'energy saving uncertainty' as the major risk factors of green building projects. Additionally, the questionnaire proposed 'contract indicating each party's role, liability, and limitations clearly', 'utilizing integrated design process', and 'understanding client's goal in green building projects' as the three most effective risk mitigation measures in designing green buildings. There are few studies that focus on architects' perceived risks concerning green building projects; this study contributes to a deeper knowledge and attempts to fill the current literature gap, which would benefit South Korea's green building design practice by aiding in the development of better risk management strategies.

Purpose: This study aimed to implement a child abuse prevention program and evaluateits effectiveness based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills TrainingModel for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: This studyhad a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measuresand three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessionschild abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks ofpregnancy to six weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience,maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-childduring feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxonsigned-rank test and Friedman’s test. Results: Maternal attitude and parent-childinteraction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to beforeintervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared tobefore intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Additionally, resilience andchild abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effectivein preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions. Conclusion: This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic interventionas coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful inthat interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers athigh risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartumperiods, to prevent child abuse early.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies involve three major stages, i.e., capture, transport, and storage. The transportation stage of CCS technologies has received relatively little attention because the requirements for $CO_2$ transport differ based on the industry-related conditions, geological, and demographical characteristics of each country. In this study, we analyzed the properties of $CO_2$ transport using a pipeline. This study has important implications for ensuring the stability of a long-term CCS as well as the large cost savings, as compared to the small cost ratio as a percentage of the entire CCS system. The state of $CO_2$, network topologies, and node distribution are among the major factors that influence $CO_2$ transport via pipelines. For the analysis of the properties of $CO_2$ transport using a pipeline, the $CO_2$ pipeline connections were visualized by the simulator developed by Lee [11] based on the network topologies in $CO_2$ transport. The case of Korean CCS technologies was applied to the simulation.

Background: Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) often undergo orthopedic surgery for muscle contractures, followed by rehabilitation to restore mobility. Evidence on intensive rehabilitation with task-oriented therapy (TOT) after low-burden orthopedic surgery is limited. Objects: This study examined the effects of a 16-week intensive rehabilitation program incorporating TOT in a child with spastic CP who received hamstring and adductor lengthening. Methods: A single-case experimental design was used. Assessments included range of motion (ROM), the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). The participant received structured rehabilitation with TOT 5 times per week for 16 weeks. Results: Improvements were observed in hip abduction ROM, popliteal angle, GMFM, and CHAQ. A previously unachievable task, reaching a walker and walking to a sofa, became independently achievable, representing a meaningful gain in functional mobility. Conclusion: Intensive rehabilitation with TOT after low-burden orthopedic surgery may yield clinically meaningful improvements in motor function and daily activity performance, and support greater independence in children with CP.

This study addressing the underlying strategies for Andong municipal museum complex development is in timely view that Andong has obtained a worldwide reputation as a treasury of traditional Korean Confucian culture. Thus far, there has been a tendency that various local museums are proposed to meet architectural aspirations architects and users commonly hold. Overall, though, the major role they play in making overall city image has not been considered in a systematic manner. Based on Lee's (2001) two previous studies, this study summarized the utility of cognitive distance and cognitive map concepts, which are proposed by Kevin Lunch (1976) to evaluate city image, in planning Andong municipal museum complex (AMMC). Sample is stratified into city residents and outsiders, and also into the general public and design-related professionals to see if there is any group difference in constructing their mental image. Three major findings are obtained. First, familiarity, so-called the degree of knowing, is the function of the length of stay in a designated area. That is, the longer people stay in Andong, the more likely they are familiar with its overall environmental aspects. Second, mental proximity of Andong municipal museum complex relative to existing cultural landmarks is closely related to the degree of how people value those landmarks in terms of their significance. Dosan Seowon and Hahoe folk village are most highly valued, which means higher proximity. Third, functional diversity turned out to be the most important design dimension, while display mechanism are least valued. Cognitive simulations of this sort are meaningful in that projected composite image might be a rough first approximation of true public image.

Planning information generated during initial architectural design phases significantly influences subsequent phases, and is implemented into architectural design models during the design process. However, failures to manage and use planning information in Korean design offices remain common. Current design tools that incorporate planning information also do not address the issue of interoperability during the life cycles of buildings. To address these problems, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) extension model was developed to accommodate the need to manage and use planning information for cooperation between design offices carrying out multidisciplinary tasks. This paper introduces a purpose-built software tool that implements the IFC model and demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method with the software tool.

A traditional village is cultural property where old buildings and traditions are concentrated and also where indigenous traditional cultures can be recognized and experienced directly or indirectly. In addition, traditional villages have been recognized as precious resources to revitalize regional economies through tourism. Currently, signage systems have been developed as for ordinary tourist sites or cities, and concepts or methods for sign system for traditional villages have not yet been established. Therefore, it is necessary to develop disaster prevention-based signage to prevent large-scale disasters, to guarantee the safety of residents, and to increase the satisfaction of visitors in traditional villages as precious resources. A case study is conducted to apply the proposed sign system for traditional villages in Korea and Japan as a tourist-oriented sign system that has been accomplished in Korea and a large disaster-oriented sign system developed with residents as a priority in Japan. The disaster prevention sign system considers the residents since residents are victims when a disaster happens, and guideline to increase the efficacy and satisfaction are suggested. However, this study has definite limits in sucring objectivity because the objects of study are insufficient, and the development of the sign system based on effective disaster prevention considering the features of traditional villages will continue in the future.

Within residential high-rise market there are many value determining factors. Site condition, view, program, units and structure are important parameters that are directly related to the financial aspect of the project. However, most of the studies of high-rise building design focus on the facade and the shape strategies from an esthetic point of view without considering these factors. The objective of this study is to investigate new design approach that incorporates site, program and structural information at an early stage as a generator of building form and explore a wide range of strategies to negotiate these factors in the process of design/decision making. Not being based on designer's subjective preference or style, architects still can create interesting building design through integration and negotiation of various building information. Since this form is based on real data, not just play of form, we can expect that this form has great potential to be developed into real one at the later design phase.

Institutional repositories are essential research infrastructures for research-based universities. A properly dimensioned institutional repository has the potential to increase research impact and enhance the visibility of an institution through its scholarly outputs. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to design and develop a web-based digital repository for scholarly communications using NM-AIST as a case study. The system was developed using open source software. Findings obtained from system validation tests show that the system is a viable solution to the major challenges encountered in the management and sharing of scholarly information at the institution.

Innovative building materials and technologies have long shaped architectural evolution and new design trends. In Egypt, where desert regions cover over 68% of the land but house less than 5.5% of the population, there is a pressing need for climate-adapted and sustainable construction methods. Areas like Aswan require materials that can withstand extreme environmental conditions while promoting energy efficiency and ecological balance. This study explores straw bale construction as a sustainable, low-impact solution for desert housing. Egypt produces about 2.1 million tons of rice straw annually, yet around 43.9 thousand tons (2.1%) are still burned, causing significant environmental issues such as smog and the recurring "Black Cloud." Burning one ton of straw emits roughly 43-61 kg of CO₂ (Nitse, Havrysh, & Bazaluk, 2021). When combined with lime, limestone, or clay-based binders, straw can serve as a viable structural or infill material. This research includes a simulation-based analysis of a prototype residential model designed for southern Egypt's desert climate, using Ecotect, DesignBuilder, and Revit Insight 360 software. The results demonstrate notable reductions in indoor temperatures and energy consumption throughout the year, enhancing occupant thermal comfort. Additionally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) reveals that straw bale construction reduces embodied carbon more than 65% compared to standard concrete systems. The reuse of agricultural waste in durable, energy-efficient housing offers a promising approach to pollution reduction, carbon mitigation, and circular economy support. This study underscores the environmental, structural, and policy advantages of integrating straw into mainstream construction in hot-arid regions like Aswan.

The visual presentation is one key feature which gives much consideration in designing mobile applications as it acquires attention from the end user. It takes only a few milliseconds to form an impression on a person and this is not any different to the web and mobile application designs. The first few milliseconds are a crucial time for developers as the impression produced would indicate further engagement of the service. Developers should continuously update the designs based on human needs. A few of these contents have actually paved its way to being continuously used. By synthesizing results of preceding researchers, this paper considers layout, color, and font as UI design elements of SNS messenger, and illustration and animation as the graphic image of it. In this study, the preference for messaging application chat layout was being surveyed and analyzed. As a result, there has been little significance identified since the instant messaging, so chat layout shows very minimal variance in their design.

In this paper, it is aim to implement a wheelchair monitoring system that provides users with customized medical services easily in everyday life, together with mobility guarantee, which is the most basic requirement of the elderly and disabled persons with physical disabilities. The case-based intelligent wheelchair monitoring system proposed in this study is based on a case-based k-NN algorithm, which implements a system for constructing and inferring examples of various biometric and environmental information of wheelchair users as a knowledge database and a monitoring interface for wheelchair users. In order to confirm the usefulness of the case-based k-NN algorithm, the SVM algorithm showed an average accuracy of 84.2% and the average accuracy of the proposed case-based k-NN algorithm was 86.2% And showed higher performance in terms of accuracy. The system implemented in this paper has the advantage of measuring biometric information and data communication regardless of time and place and it can provide customized service of wheelchair user through user friendly interface.

목적: 본 연구는 산학협동 캡스톤 디자인 수업을 헤어커트 교육에 적용하여 실무 중심 헤어디자인 교육모델을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 방법: 본 연구는 충남권 소재 대학교 헤어디자인 전공 2학년 학생 21명을 대상으로 15주 동안 운영한 사례연구이다. 포레스트 살롱을 산학협동 기관으로 선정하였으며, 기관명 공개와 연구 결과의 학술적 활용에 대한 사전 동의를 바탕으로 연구대상을 기술하였다. 자료는 수업 활동 기록, 팀 발표 자료, 최종 결과물 및 학습평가 결과를 중심으로 분석하였다. 결과: 산학협동 캡스톤 디자인 수업은 학생들이 이론적 지식과 실제 살롱 현장의 문제를 연계하여 이해하도록 하였다. 참여 학생들은 커트 트렌드 이해, 창의적 사고, 문제 해결 능력, 팀워크, 발표 능력 및 의사소통 능력에서 긍정적 학습성과를 보였으며, 산업체는 살롱 실무에 응용 가능한 디자인 아이디어를 확보하였다. 결론: 산학협동 캡스톤 디자인은 헤어커트 교육에서 실무 역량을 강화할 수 있는 교육 방법으로 활용 가능하다. 본 연구는 헤어커트 교육을 기술 중심 실습에서 현장 기반 문제 해결 중심 교육모델로 확장하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Purpose: AIn this study, we proposed a practice-oriented haircut education model that integrates an industry–university cooperative capstone design course into hair-design education. Methods: A 15-week case study was conducted with 21 second-year students majoring in hair design at a university in the Chungnam region. The industry partner, Forest Salon, was selected after obtaining consent for institutional name disclosure and academic use. Data analysis was performed using class activity records, team presentations, final outcomes, and learning evaluation results. Results: The course facilitated the integration of theoretical knowledge and salon-based problems, while the participants demonstrated improvements in understanding haircut trends, creative thinking, problem solving, teamwork, presentation skills, and communication competency. Beyond this, the industry partner obtained haircut design ideas with potential applicability. Conclusion: The proposed industry–university cooperative capstone design course may serve as an effective approach for strengthening practical competency in haircut education and expanding haircut coursework from technique-centered to field-based education.

目的: 本研究旨在将产学合作顶石设计(capstone design)课程应用于剪发教育，以此提出以实务为中心的发型 设计教育模型。方法: 本研究是一项案例研究，对象为忠清南道地区某大学发型设计专业2年级的21名学生，课 程共运营15周。研究选择“Forest Salon”作为产学合作机构，并在获得该机构名称公开及研究结果学术利用的 事前同意后，对研究对象进行了阐述。数据分析主要围绕课堂活动记录、团队发表资料、最终成果及学习评价 结果展开。结果: 产学合作顶石设计课程使学生能够将理论知识与真实的沙龙现场问题相结合并加以理解。参与 学生在理解剪发趋势、创造性思维、问题解决能力、团队协作、发表能力及沟通能力方面均表现出积极的学习 成果；同时，合作企业也获得了可应用于沙龙实务的设计创意。结论: 产学合作顶石设计可作为在剪发教育中强 化实务能力的有效教学方法。本研究的意义在于，将剪发教育从以技术为中心的练习，拓展为了基于现场的问 题解决型教育模型。

현대 사회에서 사람들은 서로의 공간을 공유하면서 환경 속에서 살아가며 안전을 위해 각자의 공간을 확보하고 있다. 본 연구는 환경디자인을 통해 범죄로부터 시민의 안전을 확보하는 CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 공공 디자인의 개념에 대한 이해를 통해 탐색이 가능한 공공 공간 디자인을 연구한다. 본 연구를 통해 공공 디자인의 개념과 사례에 대한 다양한 사례 연구를 통하여 CPTED의 진행 기준을 정립하였다. 본 연구는 최종 추출된 키워드로 각 성공 사례의 결과를 분석하고, 최종 10개의 키워드 도출 을 통해 범죄 예방을 위한 세 가지 디자인 솔루션을 제안하였다. 각 설계 솔루션은 본 프로젝트에 참여한 25명의 CPTED 연구자가 리커트의 5점 척도로 평가 하였으며, 평가의 결과에 따라 향후 보다 안전하고 완성된 형태의 CPTED를 활용한 디자인 결과물을 제안하고자 한다.

In the modern society, people live in an environment while sharing a space with each other and secure their own space for the safety. As interest in “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)” securing the safety of citizens from crime through environmental design is increasing, this research studies the public space design realized in public environments which is explored through the understanding of the concept of public design. Through the various case studies conducted with the concept and cases of public design, a standard for proceeding with crime prevention design has been established. The research analyzes the results of successful cases with ten extracted keywords, and finally three design solutions for crime prevention were proposed through extracted keywords. Each design solution was evaluated by 25 CPTED researchers who participated in this project with Likert’s 5-point scale. Based on final evaluation results, the research will further investigate better and safe approaches and solutions for CPTED.

초등학교 저학년 학생은 고학년, 청소년, 성인과 달리 컴퓨터 및 게임 환경에 익숙하지 않으면서 교육용 게임 컨텐츠를 스스로 사용하기 시작한다. 따라서 교육용 게임의 몰입을 통한 학습 능력 향상을 유도하기 위 해서는 해당 연령의 인지적, 지각적 능력 특성 및 경험과 지식, 이해와 선호도에 대한 구체적인 조사를 바탕 으로 특별한 UX 디자인 설계가 필요하다. 본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 학생들을 대상으로 교육용 게임의 몰 입에 영향을 미치는 디자인 측면의 요인 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 분석 사례로는 공영방송인 EBSmath 교육 용 게임 중 교구를 사용한 게임들을 선정하였다. 게임 분야의 몰입에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 미디어 사용 과 정에 몰입에 영향을 미치는 디자인 관련 변인들을 정리한 후 이 변인들을 중심으로 대상 게임을 직접 사용 하며 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과 사용자의 몰입에 영향을 미치는 디자인 측면의 설계 요인으로 학습 성취, 매력(간접 경험, 시각, 청각, 조작감), 상호작용성의 세 가지에 대한 구체적인 특성을 정리하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 미숙한 사용자의 직접적인 반응과 표현들, 개선 요구사항들 직접 수집함으로써 매우 구체 적인 디자인 지침으로 사용될 수 있는 실용적인 의의가 있다.

Lower grade children begin to use educational game content on their own, without being familiar with the computer and gaming environment. Lower grade children are not familiar with the computer and gaming environment unlike upper grades, adolescents, and adults. A special UX design is needed to consider the cognitive and perceptual traits of the age. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of design side affecting the flow of educational games for lower grade students. As an analysis example, EBSmath educational game was selected. After reviewing the literature and summarizing the design-related variables that influence the flow in the media use process, in-depth interviews were conducted using the game directly. As a result of the study, the design factors affecting the user's flow are the learning achievement, attractiveness (indirect experience, sight, hearing, feeling of operation) and interactivity. Appropriate design is needed based on specific research on children's experiences, knowledge, understanding and preferences. The study has a practical meaning that can be used as a very specific design guide by collecting direct responses, expressions, and improvement requirements of immature users.

도시 재생 사업은 낙후된 상업지역이나 주거지역을 대상으로 경제를 활성화하고 주거 지역의 생활의 개선을 통해서 도시의 공동체를 유지하는 활동이다. 본 연구를 통해서 다양한 국내 및 해외의 도시재생의 성공 사례 및 부산 영도 봉산마을 내 도시 재생 관련 설문 내용을 수집하고 분석하였다. 분석에 따른 각 사례별 주요 키워드를 도출하여 이를 그룹화하고 상위 키워드를 작성하였다. 13개의 상위 키워드를 리커트의 5점 척도를 활용하여 평가하였으며, 최종 선정된 10개의 키워드를 대상으로 AHP를 진행하였다. AHP 분석 결과 “공간 및 물리적 속성”에 대한 선호도는 “공공 성”, “지속 가능성”, “정체성” 순으로, “컨텐츠 및 시스템 속성”의 선호도는 “주민 참여”,“편의성”,“지역성”,“지자체 참 여”순으로 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통해서 도출된 도시재생 키워드의 선호도 분석을 통해 향후 보다 더 활성화되는 다양 한 도시재생 사업과 관련하여 도시재생 디자인을 수립하기 위한 디자인 가이드라인으로의 역할의 제시가 필요하다.

The urban regeneration project is an activity that promotes the economy in underdeveloped commercial or residential areas and maintains urban communities through improvement of living in residential areas. Through this study, various successful cases of urban regeneration at home and abroad and surveys related to urban regeneration in Bongsan Village, Yeongdo, Busan were collected and analyzed. Key keywords for each case were derived, grouped, and top keywords were created. The 13 top keywords were evaluated using Likert's 5-point scale, and AHP was conducted for the 10 keywords that were finally selected. As a result of AHP analysis, the preference for “spatial and physical properties” was derived in the order of “publicity”, “sustainability”, and “identity”. The preference of “content and system properties” was derived in the order of “resident participation”, “convenience”, “locality”, and “local government participation”. It is necessary to present a role as a design guideline for establishing urban regeneration designs in relation to various urban regeneration projects that will become more active in the future through the analysis of preferences of urban regeneration keywords derived through this study.

2024년 이상동기 범죄 대응을 위해 출범한 기동순찰대는 2026년 대규모 인력 효율화와 역할 전문화(드론, 외사 등)라는 중대한 전환점에 직면해 있다. 본 연구는 관리자가 데이터와 현장 맥락을 분석하여 잠재적 위험을 선제적으로 관리하는 문제해결형 리더십을 함양하도록, 디자인 씽킹을 접목한 개선중심 사례연구(DT-ICS) 모형을 제안한다. 본 모형은 현장의 실패와 시행착오를 비난 없이 분석하여(ICS) 잠재적 위험요인을 규명하고, 디자인 씽킹의 프로토타이핑과 테스트를 통해 해결책을 구체적인 매뉴얼로 시각화·검증하는 순환적 학습 과정을 포함한다. 파일럿 테스트 결과, 본 모형은 관리자의 위험 인지 및 협업 역량 강화의 가능성을 탐색적으로 확인하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 기동순찰대 관리자를 ‘치안 디자이너’로 성장시키는 실천적 토대를 제공하며, 향후 생성형 AI를 브레인스토밍 보조 도구로 활용하여 확산적 사고를 가속화하는 방안을 제언하였다

Established in 2024 to respond to abnormal motive crimes, the Mobile Patrol Unit is facing a significant transition in 2026, characterized by large-scale workforce optimization and role specialization(e.g., drones, foreign affairs). This study proposes the Design Thinking-based Improvement Case Study (DT-ICS) model to foster problem-solving leadership, enabling managers to comprehensively analyze data and contextualize it in the field for proactive risk management. The model incorporates a cyclical learning process: it identifies latent risk factors by analyzing field failures and trial and error without blame in a psychologically safe environment, and subsequently visualizes and verifies solutions as concrete manuals or scenarios through the prototyping and testing phases of Design Thinking. Pilot test results confirmed that the model substantially enhances managers' risk awareness and collaborative competencies. Consequently, this study provides a practical foundation for transforming managers into ‘Policing Designers’ and suggests the future acceleration of divergent thinking using Generative AI as a brainstorming assistant.