Earticle

이 연구는 과거의 영화기술부터 오늘날의 영화기술 특수효과의 발전과정과 그에 따른 배우의 영상연기의 방향성과 한계점을 영화작품과 영화배우의 인터뷰 자료, 선행연구들의 객관적인 자료를 인용하여연구한 것이다. 4차 산업 혁명으로 인한 기술의 발달로 영상기술 또한 많은 변화를 이루었다. 최초의 영화인 뤼미에르형제의 <기차의 도착> 부터 시작하여 오늘 날의 화려하고 자극적인 CG영화로 발전하면서 관객들은 점차더욱 화려한 볼거리를 원하게 되었고, 영화에 대한 지식 또한 풍부해지면서 과거에 전문가들만 알던 용어까지도 습득하고 있다. 이렇게 관객의 수준이 기술의 발전과 함께 진화해 오면서 영화를 판단하는 기준점 또한 변화 할 수밖에 없게 되었다. 미래에 영상기술이 더욱 발전하여 인간만의 영역으로 여겨졌던‘연기’가 인공지능(AI)으로 대체 가능해진다면 과연 인간이 설 수 있는 자리는 어디일까. 이런 변화에 대한 성찰을 통해 기술발전에 따른 연기 환경의 변화 속에서 배우의 연기는 더욱 섬세해 져야만하고 자연스러워져야만 한다. 빠르게 변화하는 시대에 맞춰 배우는 기존에 있던 연기방식과 함께 새로운 영상기술시스템에 맞는 연기법 또한 끊임없이 고뇌하고 연구해야 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구자는 4차 산업 혁명을 통한 영화기술의 발전 속에서 앞으로의 배우 영상연기훈련 방향성제시를 목적으로 둔다.

This study is based on the process of developing special effects of film technology from the past and the purpose of the project is to study the direction and limitation of the film performance by quoting objective data from film production, interview of movie star and previous research. With the development of technology due to the fourth industrial revolution, the imaging technology has also made many changes. Starting with the first film, "The Arrival of Train" by the Lumiere brothers, As we develop into colorful and exciting CG movies of these days, the audience has become increasingly demanding for spectacular view and also, as the knowledge of movies has become more extensive, it has acquired terms that only experts in the past have known. As the level of audience has evolved with the development of technology, the standard of judging movies has also changed. In the future, if the technology of film becomes more advanced and the ‘acting’ can be replaced by artificial intelligence, where can humans stand? To introspection to these changes, actor’s performances should be more delicate and natural in the performance of the environment changes with technological development. To the rapidly changing times, actors have to constantly agonized and studied existing acting style with acting appropriate new film technology system. Therefore, the researcher aims to present direction for future actor’s imaging acting training in the development of film technology through the forth industrial revolution.

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

게임 개발은 다른 소프트웨어에 비해서 많은 개발자들이 참여하고 매우 복잡한 시스템으로 다른 소프트웨어와 비교해서 덜 정규화 되어 있다. 특히 컴퓨터게임은 초기 개발단계에서 시나리오에 대한 분석이 전체 개발 기간 및 비용에 지대한 영향을 주고, 게임 결과에 대한 잠재적 오류를 결정한다. 게임 개발은 다른 전문 분야의 지식을 가진 개발자들에게 시나리오에 대해서 동일한 개념과 상황 인식을 요구한다. 따라서 시나리오 분석에 대해서 이들 간의 정보 불일치로 인한 개발 시간 및 비용의 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 현재 게임 설계 단계에서 시나리오 분석 기술 현황을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 게임을 위한 시나리오 분석 기술의 발전 방향을 살펴보고자 한다.

Computer games can be highly complex software systems that involve the expertise of a wide range of professionals ranging from programmers to animators, artists and musicians. Therefore, computer games design approaches typically appear to be less formalized than those used for other types of software systems. When designing computer games, the analysis of game scenario is mainly influence with the time and cost of game development. And analysis of scenario is determined with the potential error of game playing. Game development is required with the same concepts and cognition of scenario between those involved in its development. Thus, game cost is due to the mismatch problem between those involved in its development. In this paper, the scenario analysis research trend is reviewed and we will present a future research direction for game scenario analysis.

카툰 렌더링은 표현하고자 하는 물체의 내부를 2~3 단계로 나누어 단순화된 음영으로 처리하고, 모델의 윤곽선을 그려 마치 셀 애니메이션과 비슷한 효과를 내는 방법으로 아주 고전적인 기술이라 할 수 있다. 특히 컴퓨터 게임에서는 그 초기부터 카툰 렌더링이 사용되었고 현재에도 가장 많이 사용되는 기법이다. 역사적으로도 오래된 기법이므로 사용자에게 친근한 느낌을 주기 때문에 카툰 렌더링은 많은 캐주얼 게임의 성공에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 하지만 최근에는 많은 게임들이 카툰 렌더링을 사용함에 따라 그래픽 상으로 큰 차이를 낼 수 없게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 카툰 렌더링 기술을 현황을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 게임을 위한 카툰 렌더링의 발전 방향에 대해 살펴보려 한다.

Cartoon rendering is one of the traditional technologies in computer graphics, which expresses objects' interior with simple shading of 2 or 3 levels and adds silhouettes. Its effect is very similar to that of cel animation. In computer game society, especially, cartoon rendering was used from the beginning and is most widely used until so far. Thanks to the familiarity of cartoon rendering, many casual games with cartoon rendering style succeeded in industry. However, users do not see much difference between commercial games because they use almost the same cartoon rendering algorithms. In this paper, recent trend on cartoon rendering technologies in computer game industry is reviewed and we will present its future research direction for game games.

The purpose of this study is to try finding the research possibilities of computer technology in art education and understand why computer technology has such a great impact on our contemporary education. The methodology of this study is based on the analysis of literature review. I have tried to find the importance articles in the journals of art education such as Studies in Art Education and Art Education published from the National Art Education Association, one of the most well-known organizations in the field of art education. To draw the purpose of this study, I found articles and categorized the information using key words such as aesthetic, feminist, gender issues, and interactivity. After analyzing, I have discussed about the research possibilities and important issues of computer technology in art education and then categorized the information found in each article into four different subheadings: 1) the visual effects of computer graphics in art education, 2) gender issues based on the computer technology, 3) interactive multimedia and social interactions among students, 4) research possibilities with computer technologies in art education. The findings are as follow. Firstly, there were many research possibilities of computer technologies in art education such as ways of criticizing the contemporary art world. Secondly, I found that computer technology has a great impact on art education because students are more eager to engage with computer technologiesbased media activities and very familiar with new media either at home and school. Therefore, we, as educators, must address how the student will be systematically engaged with computer technologies in their educational environment and should determine what knowledge and skills prospective teachers bring to our teacher education programs and how and where they acquired this knowledge.

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

이 연구의 목적은, 1995년에서 2004년 사이에 미국에서 발표된 컴퓨터공학 보조도구들의 효과를 검증한 연구들을 핵심적인 학습기술영역인 읽기와 쓰기 그리고 수학영역을 중심으로 살펴봄으로써, 일반학급에 통합되어 있는 경도 장애학생들의 학습활동을 공학적으로 지원하기 위해 필요한 지식과 정보를 제공하는 데 있다. 현재 우리나라에서 장애학생들의 보조공학 사용에 대한 관심이 증가되고, 다양한 보조공학도구가 학습상황에 적용되기 시작되었다. 그러나 이러한 현상과 기대는 구체적이고 실제적인 효과연구결과를 기반으로 형성되었다기보다는 나날이 진보되는 공학기술과 교육계에 팽배해 있는 정보화에 대한 열의에서 비롯되고 있기에 이 연구의 필요성이 있다고 보았다. 이 연구에서 살펴본 다양한 연구들을 통해, 다음과 같은 맥락에서 일반학급환경에서 컴퓨터 공학을 적용할 때, 경도 장애학생들의 학습에 대한 참여를 증가시킬 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라 독립적이고 효과적인 학습을 촉진시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 단어재인이나 읽기 이해와 같은 읽기 영역의 경우, 교사의 읽기 수업을 보조하는 상황에서 적용되었을 경우와, 학습자의 특성과 필요를 파악하고, 읽기능력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 고안된 다양한 전략들이 내제되어 있는 경우에는 효과적으로 적용될 수 있었다. 또한 대안적인 읽기 방법인 음성출력장비는 학생들의 주의집중력을 향상시키고, 읽기로 인한 피곤과 스트레스를 감소시켜 효과적인 읽기활동을 가능케 할 수 있었으나 충분한 적용기간이 필요한 도구임이 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 쓰기 영역의 경우, 워드 프로세스의 활용이나 맞춤법을 점검하거나 활용 가능한 고빈도 단어를 제시해주는 프로그램 등은 쓰기 능력을 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 철자에 대한 인식능력이 향상되고, 철자와 문법에서의 오류를 자각하여 스스로 교정하고 편집하는 능력을 향상시킬 수 있으나 대안적인 쓰기 활동을 가능하게 해줄 수 있는 음성인식 프로그램의 경우, 나이가 어리거나 인지능력이 떨어지는 장애학생의 경우 많은 훈련과 주의가 요구되는 분야임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 수학 영역의 경우, 연산의 자동화를 돕는 프로그램과 문제해결을 위한 연습 프로그램 등의 컴퓨터 프로그램이 적절한 전략교수와 함께 제시될 때에, 활용 효과가 있음이 나타났다. 아울러 국내의 통합교육현장에서의 컴퓨터 공학의 성공적인 적용을 위해서는 교사의 공학도구에 대한 올바른 인식과 적절한 교수전략의 개발이 필요하며 경도장애학생들에게는 공학도구사용방법 자체를 습득할 수 있는 충분하고 지속적인 훈련과 전략이 제공되어야 함을 지적하였다. 이를 위해서 교사는 전문기관의 연수프로그램 등의 활성화를 통해 보조공학과 관련된 지식과 정보를 재충전해야 하며, 보조공학으로서의 컴퓨터 공학은 학습자 특성에 맞는 교수설계를 통한 프로그램 개발과 그 효과를 검증한 연구결과들을 기반으로 교육현장에서 활용되어야 함을 논의하였다.

The purposes of this study is to provide useful information on the successful application of assistive technology through reviewing previous research that explored the effects of assistive technology for students with mild disabilities in classroom environment. As emphasis on the use of assistive technology for students with disabilities have been increased, many educators and researchers need knowledge of research on the impact of assistive technology use that help them set reasonable expectation for technology in real classroom. In this study, the general benefits of computer technologies for supporting students with mild disabilities in and out of classroom were described, followed by reviewing previous empirical studies to identify the potential of assistive technologies for improving their abilities in reading, writing, and mathematics. In final part, some implications for the future practice and research of assistive technologies were discussed.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 특수교육현장의 특수교사들은 수업 중 컴퓨터를 어떻게 활용하고 있으며, 보다 효과적인 활용을 위한 이들의 요구는 어떠한지를 알아보기 위해 전국의 정신지체 및 정서장애 특수학교와 일반 유·초·중·고등부 특수학급의 618명의 특수교사들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사된 자료에 대해 독립표본 t분석, 분산분석, 다중응답분석 등을 통해 특수학교(급)/ 과정별 응답의 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 수업 중 컴퓨터 활용 현황과 요구에 있어 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 차이에 대한 해석과 논의할 사안들을 제시하여 향후 특수교육현장에서의 효과적이고 효율적인 컴퓨터 활용을 위한 자료 제작과 정책 및 지원 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the experience and needs of special teachers for computer technologies in class and to provide fundamental data and information on developing support system for successful using of computer technologies in special education. For these purposes, total 618 special teachers participated in a nation-wide survey. In results, the differences of purpose, usage, essential teaching-learning materials and general situation of the use of computer technologies were found among levels and types of special education settings. From this result, various guidelines for developing instructional materials and supports for successful using of computer technologies according to the levels and types of special education settings were suggested.

Advanced computer vision technologies can be used to improve the performance of capsule endoscopy. Specifically, new technologies can be used to enhance the image quality of capsule endoscopes, which has previously been limited by mechanical constraints. The trajectory of a capsule endoscope, which can be estimated by reconstructing the captured images, helps to predict the location of lesions. Computer vision technology is utilized in a more practical way in a recently developed capsule endoscope comprising a stereo camera. Using this device, images can be interpreted in three dimensions, enabling more accurate measurements of size. The use of deep learning for image recognition is associated with an improved lesion detection rate and reduced reading time in clinicians. This evolving technology requires close cooperation between medical and IT professionals for optimized clinical use.

Call center service is enabled by the use of a firm's various information technologies (IT) and accumulated knowledge. IT and knowledge resources have been considered a fundamental infrastructure for developing a firm's business capabilities. Recognizing this, this study examines whether a firm's IT and customer knowledge resources enhance its customer service process capability and thereby contribute to creating superior customer service, at the level of customer service representatives (CSRs). That is, constructs in this study were measured on a basis of CSRs' perception. Moreover, this study verifies the moderating role of CSRs' computer self-efficacy on the relationships between IT and customer knowledge resources and customer service process capability. To test the proposed hypotheses, this study conducted partial least squares (PLS) analysis with a total of 234 data which were collected on CSRs working at four call centers. The key findings are as follows: first, IT infrastructure integration and customer knowledge integration are positively associated with customer service process capability. Second, customer service process capability is a key determinant of customer service performance. Finally, CSRs' computer self-efficacy has a moderating effect on the relationship between IT infrastructure integration and customer service process capability. The details of the findings and implications are presented.