Earticle

Objective To investigate the predictive value of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) in diagnosing complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) by comparing three diagnostic modalities?SSR, three-phasic bone scans (TPBS), and thermography.Methods Thirteen patients with severe limb pain were recruited. Among them, 6 were diagnosed with CRPS according to the proposed revised CRPS clinical diagnostic criteria described by the International Association for the Study of Pain. SSR was measured in either the hands or feet bilaterally and was considered abnormal when the latency was prolonged. A positive TPBS finding was defined as diffuse increased tracer uptake on the delayed image. Thermographic findings were considered positive if a temperature asymmetry greater than 1.00oC was detected between the extremities.Results Five of 6 CRPS patients showed prolonged latency on SSR (83% sensitivity). TPBS was positive in the 5 CRPS patients who underwent TPBS (100% sensitivity). Thermography was positive in 4 of 5 CRPS patients who underwent the procedure (80% sensitivity). The remaining 7 non-CRPS patients differed on examination. SSR latencies within normal limit were noted in 4 of 7 non-CRPS patients (57% specificity). Results were negative in 4 of 5 non-CRPS patients who underwent TPBS (80% specificity), and negative in 3 of 5 non-CRPS patients who underwent thermography (60% specificity).Conclusion SSR may be helpful in detecting CRPS.

본 연구는 아동기의 복합외상경험이 성인기의 우울과 적대감에 미치는 영향을 밝히고, 이를 지속시키는 요인으로 개인의 성격적 측면으로 간주되는 내․외통제성의 부분매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해, 대구경북소재 20~30대 성인남녀 430명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 407명의 자료를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였으며, 매개효과는 구조방정식모델(SEM)을 적용하여 분석하였다. 측정도구는 외상경험척도, 내․외통제성척도, 우울척도, 적대감척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동기의 복합외상경험은 외적 통제성과 성인의 우울 및 적대감과 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 내적 통제성과는 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 내적 통제성과 외적 통제성 모두 아동기의 복합외상경험과 성인의 우울 및 적대감과의 관계를 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 복합외상경험이 외적 통제성을 거쳐 우울과 적대감에 정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 시사하며, 복합외상경험이 있더라도 내적 통제성을 가진다면 성인의 우울과 적대감이 감소될 수 있음을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점, 그리고 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex traumatic experiences during childhood on depression and hostility as adults and to verify the partial mediating effect of locus of internal-external control, which is considered a characteristic aspect of personality. For this purpose, 430 men and women in their 20s and 30s were sampled from Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces, and the data from 407 participants were used in the final analysis. A trauma experience scale, locus of internal-external control scale, hostility scale, and depression scale were used as measurement tools. The mediating effect was analyzed using the structural equation model(SEM). The main results of this study were as follow. First, childhood complex trauma experience was positively related to external locus of control, depression, and hostility in adults and negatively related to internal locus of control. Second, both external and internal control partially mediated the effect of trauma on depression and hostility in adults. This suggests that the experience of complex trauma in childhood positively affects depression and hostility in adults through external control. In addition, even with complex traumatic experiences in childhood, depression and hostility in adults can be reduced if they have an internal locus of control. Based on these results, the implications, study limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.

본 연구에서는 수재해 정보 플랫폼 내 자료처리 시스템 설계를 위해 자료처리 과정의 복잡도를 분석하고 이에 따른 설계 방안을제시하였다. 일반적으로 자료를 수집하고 분석하는 시스템은 자료와 알고리즘의 자료처리 과정이 고정된 고정 자료-알고리즘 자료처리 방식을 사용한다. 하지만 시스템의 복잡도가 증가하면 자료처리 시스템에서 관리해야 하는 자료처리 과정의 수가 급증하는문제가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 자료와 알고리즘 사이에 인터페이스가 존재하는 동적 자료-알고리즘 자료처리 방식을 적용할수 있다. 각 방식의 장단점을 분석한 뒤, 수재해 정보 플랫폼에 최적화된 자료처리 시스템의 설계안을 제시할 수 있었다.

In this study, we present the architecture design of data control system in water hazard information platform with analyzing the complexity of the data processing. Generally, data control systems in data collection and analysis platforms base on the constant data-algorithm data processing meaning that data processing between data and algorithm is fixed. But the number of data processing in data control system is rapidly increasing because of increasing of complexity of system. To hold down the number of data processing, dynamic data-algorithm data processing is able to be applied to data control system. After comparison each data-algorithm data processing method, we suggest design method of the data control system optimizing water hazard information platform.

Aiming at the existing problems of the DFIG grid side converter, this paper studies its control technology and proposes a composite control strategy which includes a terminal sliding mode variable structure control of the current inner-loop and a PI controller of the voltage outer-loop in grid side converter. The simulation results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can achieve better control of the inverter output voltage and input current. What's more important, this method can not only reduce the adverse effects on the grid side converter due to parameter variations and other factors, but also increases the robustness of the system. It has important actual significance and practical application value.

In recent years, researchers found that the complex dynamical network is an effective tool to describe and understand the complex nonlinear systems. Because of the difficulty in establishing accurate mathematical models for nonlinear systems, the classical linear control methods are difficult to be applied to them. T-S fuzzy model has been proved to be an all-purpose approximation for nonlinear system, and has ability to combine linear control theory with fuzzy theory. In this paper, a scheme for synchronization between two fuzzy networks based on output signals under pinning control is proposed. Unlike other common methods,it only requires output signals to be transmitted from driving network to response network, and part of nodes in response network to be controlled. The synchronization criteria is given by using Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality technology, and the number of pinning nodes can be calculated by using the proposed synchronization theorem. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of this scheme.

Forecasting quality of complex products is a major concern for quality engineers and enterprises' decision-makers. But only a few researchers have investigated how multiple linear regression analysis can improve forecasts. This article presents a predictive control model for personalized forecasting system of complex product quality using multiple linear regression analysis. First, this paper compares the performance of personalized forecasting system for product quality which leads to a better understanding of the applicability of the forecasting model. Second, this paper identifies the effect of predictive control model of multiple linear regression analysis on forecasting accuracy. Then, an example shows the feasibility of using predictive control model in complex product quality personalized forecasting. Finally, it makes a conclusion that the approved prediction system embraces superiority over the prediction of the quality factors and manufacturing resources.

Polishing technology is a final surface finishing process. The main aim is the removal of the machining marks to make the surface bright and clean. Polishing is often difficult to realize automatic mechanical polishing due to the polishing quality requirements and workpiece shape. Aiming at the problem, an automatic polishing technology has been proposed. In the paper, a new polishing path determining a method has been proposed. With this path, the abrasive properties have been studied. Firstly, the abrasive has been selected according to the surface roughness experiment; then, the detailed parameters of processing have been researched. The experimental results show that there is a reasonable grain size meeting the roughness requirement of the workpiece surface with relatively larger abrasive grain size. Besides, it can also be concluded that the roughness of the workpiece surface and the path planning of the abrasive and the processing parameters have high relationship, and only the full consideration of all the parameters can help to improve the processing efficiency with the low cost.

On the basis of the information dissemination law in Microblog and its network topology, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the user nodes, structure characteristics of the groups, and the dissemination characteristics of the information of Microblog, and then proposes some related countermeasures to control and guide the healthy and rapid information dissemination of Microblog network. The research shows that the Microblog network renders mesh topology with good characteristics of cluster, centrality and similarity. The efficiency of information dissemination in Microblog network is relatively very high and the network is not fragile. Meanwhile, the node's role in the dissemination of information varies greatly, and it is easy to form opinion leader. It has important significance to strengthen the government's authoritative coverage and rapid response capability, make the opinion leaders play an active role in guiding correctly for the information dissemination management in Microblog network.

최근 우리나라에서 도요타를 벤치마킹하여 TPS를 도입하는 회사가 늘어나고 있다. 다품종 소량생산의 Lean 생산방식을 적용하기 위해서는 셋업시간의 단축 뿐만 아니라 이에 따른 셋업 품질능력이 향상되어야 한다. 따라서, 공정을 셋업하는 작업자들에게 이러한 Complex Target & Control Chart를 적용한다면, 통계적인 지식 없이도 공정의 불량을 예방 할 수 있으리라 확신한다. 이러한 관리도를 사용하여 공정능력을 향상한다면, 일본과 같은 높은 수준의 공정능력을 확보 할 수 있을 것이다. 단, 본 관리도는 현장 작업자를 위한 불량예방을 위한 품질관리 도구이며, 공정변동을 관리하기 위해서는 엔지니어 측면에서 관리도의 활용도 병행되어야 한다.

Since the heat exchange system, such as the boiler of power plant, gas turbine, and radiator require an application of intelligent control system for a high rate heat efficiency and the efficiency of these systems is depended on the control methods it is important for operator to understand control system of these systems and intelligent control technologies. In order to properly apply control equipment and intelligent technology to these process control systems, it is necessary to understand fuzzy, neural network, genetics, and immune as well as the basic aspects and operation principle of the process that relate control, interrelationships of the process characteristics, and the dynamics that are involved. Generally, since PID controllers are used in these systems it is difficult far engineer to understand both the complex dynamics and the intelligent control method. In this paper, we design an effective experimental system for the intelligent control education and analyze its characteristics through experimental system and each intelligent method to study how they can learn intelligent control system by experiments.

In the thermal power plant, it is difficult to maintain strict control of the steam temperature in order to avoid thermal stress, because of variation of the heating value according to the fuel source, the time delay of changes in main steam temperature versus changes in fuel flow rate, difficulty of control on the main steam temperature control and the reheater steam temperature control system owing to the dynamic response characteristics of changes in steam temperature and the reheater steam temperature, fluctuation of inner fluid water and steam flow rates widely during load-following operation. Up to the present time, the PID controller has been used to operate this system...

This paper presents a complex stochastic wheelbase preview control method of a motorcycle suspension based on hierarchical modeling method. As usual, a vehicle suspension system is controlled as a whole body. In this method, a motorcycle suspension with five Degrees of Freedom(DOF) is dealt with two local independent 2-DOF suspensions according to the hierarchical modeling method. The central dynamic equations that harmonize local relations are deduced. The vertical and pitch accelerations of the suspension center are treated as center control objects, and two local semi-active control forces can be obtained. In example, a real time Linear Quadratic Gaussian(LQG) algorithm is adopted for the front suspension and the combination of the wheelbase preview and LQG control method is designed for the rear suspension. The results of simulation show that the control strategy has less calculating time and is convenient to adopt different control strategies for front and rear suspensions. The method proposed in this paper provides a new way for the vibration control of multi-wheel vehicles.

This article offers a survey of the recent research advances in pinning control and pinning synchronization on complex dynamical networks. The emphasis is on research ideas and theoretical developments. Some technical details, if deemed necessary for clarity, will be outlined as well.

Reconfigurable flight control using various kinds of adaptive control methods has been studied since the 1970s to enhance the survivability of aircraft in case of severe in-flight failure. Early studies were mainly focused on the failure of actuators. Recently, studies of reconfigurable flight controls that can accommodate complex damage (partial wing and tail loss) in conventional aircraft were reported. However, the partial wing loss effects on the aerodynamics of conventional type aircraft are quite different to those of BWB(blended wing body) aircraft. In this paper, a reconfigurable flight control algorithm was designed using a direct model reference adaptive method to overcome the instability caused by a complex damage of a BWB aircraft. A model reference adaptive control was incorporated into the inner loop rate control system enhancing the performance of the baseline control to cope with abrupt loss of stability. Gains of the model reference adaptive control were polled out using the Liapunov's stability theorem. Outer loop attitude autopilot was designed to manage roll and pitch of the BWB UAV as well. A 6-DOF dynamic model was built-up, where the normal flight can be made to switch to the damaged state abruptly reflecting the possible real flight situation. 22% of right wing loss as well as 25% loss for both vertical tail and rudder control surface were considered in this study. Static aerodynamic coefficients were obtained via wind tunnel test. Numerical simulations were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the reconfigurable flight control system.

The paper outlines a comprehensive three-step approach to the development of advanced strategies for quality control of a complex machining process. The research framework is a developed concept for Integrated Supervisory Process Control. The promising results obtained demonstrate a non-traditional approach to the deployment of quality and productivity requirements set by the system users, whereby the efficiency and systematization of the development of quality control strategies can be significantly improved.