Earticle

본 논문에서는 PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치의 음원감성 연계형 컬러코드 제어 기술에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. PA스피커음원에 따라 LED패치의 컬러코드를 제어할 수 있는 기술을 제시하였으며, 이를 위한 PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED 패치를 개발하였다. PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치의 컬러코드 제어 기술은 PA스피커로부터 음원 감지 유무를 확인하고, 음원이 감지된 경우아날로그 신호(음원)을 디지털 신호로 변환하여 메인컨트롤러에 전달하여 LED패치의 컬러코드 색상 및 패턴을 제어할 수 있도록구현하였다. 본 논문에서는 PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치의 음원감성 연계형 컬러코드 제어 시스템을 구축하고, 이를 통하여PA스피커의 음원에 따라 효과적으로 컬러코드를 제어할 수 있는 PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치 컬러코드 제어 실험을 진행하였으며, LED패치의 컬러코드 제어 유무를 통한 제안기술의 유용성을 보였다. PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치의 음원감성과 연계된 컬러코드 제어 기술은 향후 다양한 분야에 연구 방향을 제시하고, 응용사례로 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

This paper performs Color Code Control Connected with Sound Source and Sensitivity of PA Speaker facility attachable LED patch. PA speaker delivers the technology to control the color code of LED patch along the present PA speakers for the facility-attached, LED the development of the patch. PA speakers facility attachable color code control technology of LED patch detects the sound from the PA speaker using a check, and if the analog signal source is detected (sound source)by converting the digital signal passes to the main controller can control the color and pattern of LED patches. In this paper, based on the PA speakers LED color control system, sound emotional linkage-type, and follow the lead of the PA speakers through the feelings can effectively channel LED linked to the source type and proceed to experiment with color and emotion control, whether or not they offer via the color control technology LED patch availability. PA speaker facility attachble color code control technology of LED patch connected with the source and future research directions in the field, and as the application is expected to be able to be widely utilized.

최근 독특한 색상명을 지닌 제품들이 소비자의 주목을 끌고 있다. 그러나 실무에서 색상명에 대한 관심과 중요성이 대두됨에도 불구하고 색상명에 대한 학술적 연구는 매우 제한적인 편이다. 이에 본 연구는 불일치 이론을 근거로 하여 색상명이 기존 소비자의 스키마에 일치하는 경우와 불일치하는 경우에 나타나는 소비자 반응을 규명하고자 하였다. 특히 본 연구는 소비자의 통제 결핍 경험에 주목하여 통제 결핍 경험을 한 소비자는 독특한 색상명보다는 평범한 색상명을 더 선호할 수 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 통제 결핍 상황에서 높은 불안을 지각하는 소비자들은 자신의 스키마와 일치성이 높은 색상명, 즉 명확성이 높은 선택안에 해당하는 평범한 색상명의 제품을 더 선호할 것으로 예측하였다. 이러한 주장을 실증적으로 규명하고자 대학생 177명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 가설을 검증한 결과 본 연구의 가설은 지지되었다. 즉, 통제 결핍 상황에서 지각된 불안감이 높을수록 소비자가 기존에 가지고 있는 스키마와 일치성이 높은 색상명의 제품을 선호하였으며, 통제 결핍 상황일지라도 불안감을 낮게 지각하는 소비자의 경우에는 이러한 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 기존의 연구 영역을 확장하고 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다.

Recently, products with unusual color names have attracted consumers’ attention. However, despite the growing interest and importance of color names in practice, academic research on color names is very limited. Based on the theory of congruity theory, this study aims to determine the influence of color name on consumer responses when the color name would not match the existing consumer’s schema. In particular, this study focuses on consumer experience of control deprivation and aims to reveal that consumers who have experienced lack of control may prefer plain color names to unique ones. Specifically, it is predicted that consumers who feel high level of anxiety in the event of a lack of control would prefer products with a more consistent color name with their schema, that is, a more plain color names. The hypothesis of this study was supported after surveying 177 college students. These findings have expanded existing research areas and provided practical implications.

최근 전 세계적으로 에너지에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며, 에너지의 효과적인 운용과 에너지 세이빙을 위한 IT 기술개발의 필요성 이 대두되고 있다. LED는 저전력 에너지를 사용함으로써 전 세계적으로 효율적인 에너지 사용을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 국내 전력 사용량의 20～30%에 해당하는 조명용 에너지를 절약하기 위해 각종 센서를 사용하는 조명 제어에 관련 된 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 즉 차세대 에너지 광원으로 LED에 주목하기 시작하였고, 본 논문에서는 이러한 LED를 아두이노와 초음파 센 서를 제어하여 에너지 관리 효율을 극대화 하고자 한다. 논문에서는 사용자가 직접 별도의 컨트롤러를 조작해 LED조명을 제어를 하는 것이 아니라, 인체감지인식을 통해 LED조명 on/off를 제어연구를 실험하고 검증하였다. 또한 본 논문에서 개발한 인터 페이스를 이용 하면 에너지 관리 효율을 극대화 시켜 이를 동반한 상업화 및 효율성을 확대를 꾀할 수 있다.

Recent interest in the worldwide energy to increase, and energy savings of the energy for effective operation of the IT technology there is a demand. By using a low-power LED energy efficient energy use worldwide for a variety of studies have been conducted. In Korea, 20-30% of the domestic electricity consumption corresponding to the illumination in order to conserve energy used by various sensors associated with illumination control studies are underway. That is the next generation of energy began to pay attention to the LED light source, LED and Arduino In this paper, an ultrasonic sensor to control and want to maximize the energy efficiency of the management . Paper, the user is directly operating the separate controller that controls the LED light, instead of being recognized through human body detection LED light on / off to control the experiment and study verified. In this paper, we develop an interface that also allows them to maximize the efficiency of energy management and efficiency, accompanied by expansion of commercialization can be achieved.

최근 전시는 과거의 지루하고 딱딱하던 이미지에서 벗어나 관객이 직접 느끼고 참여할 수 있는 대중에 친근한 문화의 한 축으로자리 잡았다. 이와 함께 전시의 형태와 방향 역시 다양화되고, 여러 가지 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 또한, 이러한 변화와 함께 전시콘텐츠의 표현 방법 역시 다양화 되고 있으며, 그 표현에 있어 형태적, 물리적 표현보다 감성적, 심리적 표현 및 체험을 유도하는방법이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 전시콘텐츠 표현에 빛과 색채를 적용하여 관람객에서 보다 효과적으로 전시의 내용과 분위기, 감성등을 표현할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

Exhibition which was a boring and rigid image once has recently hold a place as an intimate culture to the public suchthat audiences can feel and participate in exhibition at first hand. Along with this, forms and directions of exhibition becomediversified, and various attempts have been made. In addition, with such changes, ways of expressing exhibition contentsbecome diversified as well and ways of inducing sensible and psychological expressions and experience are receivingattention rather than formal and physical expressions. This study aims to provide audiences with ways of being able to moreeffectively expressing exhibition contents, atmospheres, sensibility and so on by applying lights and colors to in expressionof exhibition contents.

최근 인테리어 디자인 플랫폼들이 AR 및 3D 렌더링 기술을 빠르게 도입하고 있으나, 기 존 온라인 시뮬레이터와 AR 서비스가 제공하는 조명 미리보기 기능은 광학 효과가 반영되 지 않아 실제 공간의 분위기를 체감하는 데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 현실감의 격차를 해소하기 위해 AI 기반 2D 실내 리라이팅 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 이 미지 전체의 스타일을 변환하는 대신 실제 조명 기구 위치에 광원을 적용하는 조명 기구 기반 리라이팅을 수행하며, 사용자 경험 향상을 위해 다중 색상 조명 변경을 지원한다. Latent-Intrinsics와 확산 모델을 기반으로 램프 객체에 특화되도록 U-Net의 Cross-attention을 미세 조정하고, 안정적인 색상 주입을 위해 학습된 ControlNet과 Color Adaptor를 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 기존 베이스라인 모델 대비 우수한 색상재현력과 RMSE와 LPIPS 성능이 약 2.5배, SSIM은 약 1.2배 향상되었다. 연구 결과는 AR 기반 인테리어 서비 스를 위한 정교한 조명 미리보기 기술로 활용되기를 기대한다.

While interior design platforms are rapidly adopting AR and 3D rendering technologies, the lighting preview features in existing online simulators and AR services often fail to incorporate accurate optical effects, limiting users' ability to experience the actual atmosphere of a space. To bridge this realism gap, this paper proposes an AI-based 2D indoor relighting system. The proposed system performs luminaire-grounded relighting—applying the light source directly to the actual fixture location—and supports multi-color lighting changes to enhance the user experience. Built upon Latent-Intrinsics and diffusion models, we fine-tuned the U-Net cross-attention to specialize in lamp objects and employed a trained ControlNet and Color Adaptor for stable color injection. Experimental results demonstrate superior color reproduction compared to baseline models, with performance improvements of approximately 2.5× in RMSE and LPIPS, and 1.2× in SSIM. We anticipate that these findings will serve as a sophisticated lighting preview solution for future AR-based interior services.

To suggest a more efficient way of delivering information for process control under computerized environment, population stereotypes of colors were tested with 57 Korean subjects. The subjects were asked to associate 11 colors salient at electronic video displays with 55 pairs of adjectives that might be used when they explain the current state of process. The levels of association were evaluated with semantic differential methods by 7 point scales. Based on the multivariate analyses, the 55 pairs of adjectives were grouped into three distinct dimensions. The emotional maps of the 11 colors with respect to each dimension were presented. The Quantitative relationships between the colors and subjective impressions were also calculated by quantification theory I. On the basis of these color associations, it was suggested a general guideline for color coding when delivering process information

Following results about Y,M,C mask are obtained by the Indirect-Screen Color Separation Method. We make use of experimental systems which are in use for the student education. In the Camera-back Method of reflection copy, the results are summerized as follows; In the projection Method of transparency copy, the results are summerized as follows;

LED driver IC is used in a full-color LED display system. In this paper, we prpose a 96-channel LED driver IC with the same size as 32-channel LED driver IC. Constant current flow in the channel is configurable via an external resistor. Proposed IC supply constant current of two channels as one of the current source so that it is reduced DC control switch and current source as half when compared to existing channel control method. LED brightness is adjusted by 12-Bits PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) and 8-Bits DC(Dot Correction). A real-time monitoring of IC temperature (120°C/160°C) and LED status (open/short) is provided by LED driver IC and the user can receive warning and get information on problems. A 96-channel LED driver IC is produced using samsung 0.13 um process and the size is 4 mm x 4 mm. A 96-channel LED driver IC with the same size as existing 32-channel LED driver IC can implement. In this paper, channel current characteristic and channel current control function, temperature and LED fault detect function were measured in order to verify embodied proposed IC

본 논문에서는 밝기제어장치 및 색상제어장치 그리고 기존의 제어장치와의 호환성을 갖는 통합 인터페이 스 제어장치 설계하고 제작하여 구현하였다. 구현 방법으로는 데이터 전송방식은 DVI/HDMI 전송방식의 규격을 적용하였으며 적용한 IC는 Sil1169 IC를 사용하였다. 밝기제어는 AT89C2051을 사용하여 8단계의 밝기조절 기 능을 갖도록 프로그래밍하였다. 또한 영상 및 디밍 데이터 처리를 위하여 EPM240T100C5 IC를 사용하여 제작하 였다. 그 결과로 기존에 제작하여 사용되어지고 있는 DVI/HDMI 전송방식을 적용한 제어장치와 호환이 가능하고, 주변 밝기에 따라 선명하고 고품질의 Full HD급 영상을 LED 디스플레이 장치에 통하여 재생할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다.

In this paper, we designed manufactured and design an integrated interface control unit that has compatibility with brightness control unit, color control unit, and existing control unit. As the implementation method the standard of DVI/HDMI transmission method is applied to the data transmission method, and the Sil 1169 IC is used as the applied IC. Brightness control is programmed to have eight levels of brightness control using the AT89C2051. Also, EPM240T100C5 IC was used for image and dimming data processing. As a result, it is compatible with the control unit using the DVI/HDMI transmission method manufactured by each company and can reproduce clear high quality full HD video according to the surrounding brightness through the full color LED display system.

Smart building gate security control system using smartphone integrated with near field communication (NFC) has become part of daily life usage these days. The technology change in replacing RF NFC device using visible light communication technology based approach growing faster in recent days. This paper propose a design and development of gate security control system using color code based user authentication ID generation as part of an intelligent access control system to control automatic door open and close. In this approach gate security access control use the recent visible light communication technology trends to transfer the user specific authentication code to door access control system using color code on smartphone screen. Using a camera in the door access control system (ACS), color codes on smartphone screens are detected and matched to the database of authenticated user to open the door automatically in gate security system. We measure the visual light communication technology efficiency as a part of the research and the experiments have revealed that more than 95% users authenticated correctly at the suggested experiment environment on gate security control system.

The secure access the lighting, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), fire safety, and security control boxes of building facilities is the primary objective of future smart buildings. This paper proposes an authorized user access to the electrical, lighting, fire safety, and security control boxes in the smart building, by using color grid coded optical camera communication (OCC) with face recognition Technologies. The existing CCTV subsystem can be used as the face recognition security subsystem for the proposed approach. At the same time a smart device attached camera can used as an OCC receiver of color grid code for user access authentication data sent by the control boxes to proceed authorization. This proposed approach allows increasing an authorization control reliability and highly secured authentication on accessing building facility infrastructure. The result of color grid code sequence received by the unauthorized person and his face identification allows getting good results in security and gaining effectiveness of accessing building facility infrastructure. The proposed concept uses the encoded user access authentication information through control box monitor and the smart device application which detect and decode the color grid coded informations combinations and then send user through the smart building network to building management system for authentication verification in combination with the facial features that gives a high protection level. The proposed concept is implemented on testbed model and experiment results verified for the secured user authentication in real-time.

가시광통신(VLC)은 가까운 장래에 각광받을 무선 통신 기술로서 전자파 간섭 없이 무료로 넓은 대역폭을 사용할 수 있기 때문에 RF에 민감한 운용 환경에 유용성이 매우 기대된다. 무선통신에 제약을 받는 병원 등에서 의료장비들 운용에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있는 음성인식 시스템을 포함한 LED 기반의 VLC 시스템을 제안한다. 특히 주변 빛에 의한 잡음 영향을 극복하기위해 색채공간을 기반으로 한 새로운 변조기법을 제안하고, 또한 BER을 줄이기 위해 심벌 수에 따른 다양한 색채공간 성좌도의 가능성을 제시한다. 끝으로 VLC에서의 다중 사용자 접속을 위해 Slotted ALOHA 및 TDMA MAC 프로토콜의 정당성을 기술하였다.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a promising wireless communication technology. It offers huge, worldwide available and free bandwidth without electro-magnetic interference, which makes it very attractive for RF-sensitive operating environments. We propose colored LED-based VLC system for hospital use which includes voice recognition system for operating the medical equipments. New Mr hlation Scheme based on the Light Color Space is suggested to overcome the effect of noise generated by background light. Different color space constellations for different symbol sizes are also suggested which would give better bit error rate performance. Finally, Slotted ALOHA or TDMA medium access control protocols are suggested for multi-user operations.

Through the engineering of recombination region and energy transfer in organic light emitting device, blue and red light emitting device with good color stability has been successfully obtained. A Color control layer (CCL), which emits green light through the energy transfer from the emission layers, has been introduced into the blue and red light emitting device for RGB white OLED. The RGB white OLED showed the current efficiency of 13 cd/A and the CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.38) at $1000\;cd/m^2$. The device exhibited very stable spectrum with respect to operating current density and the CIE coordinates varied from (0.34, 0.38) to (0.31, 0.37) for $100-22000\;cd/m^2$.

A number of R, G and B LEDs for reference color temperature mixing ratio of RGB was determined by the theory of RGB mixing as a baseline. Once the number of LEDs was determined the objective color temperature from baseline has been achieved by the control the RGB duty ratio. And a practical prototype of 50W floodlighting adjusted by the above algorithm. The micro controller was developed with control algorithm for RGB duty ratio to obtain the objective color temperature. Detailed experiments to optimize algorithm of duty ratio and color temperature will be discussed in this paper as well.

Tone reproduction characteristics of color and gray have a great influence on the picture quality in visual display. In this study, we optimized tone reproduction characteristics of color and gray of CRT monitor by setting brightness to the optimum level, in which offsets for RGB channels can be assumed to zero. The optimum brightness level could be found by measuring a few tones of neutral for the combination of 2 levels of brightness and 2 levels of contrast. As the result, the relationship between normalized DAC count and normalized luminance of primary color or gray has been simply presented by gamma and result in good phosphor constancy.

A development of low power display is an important problem from a point of reduction in worldwide energy consumption. In this research, we aimed to achieve a high quality and low power paper-like reflective full-color display and investigated the design rules for the light diffusing film, LC-cell structure, front lighting systems based on the diffused light control technology. As a result, we successfully obtained the high quality reflective liquid crystal display with a high reflectivity, a wide color gamut and a high motion picture quality.

Surface plasmon resonance is the enhancement of electromagnetic wave caused by oscillation on the metal and dielectric interfaces. Surface plasmons with nanohole arrays provides an enhancedresonance for the specific wavelengths of interests. Asymmetric array of nanoscale structures can enable orientation dependent shift of resonance wavelengths when combined with the control of polarization for incident visible light, thus providing color tunability. Appropriate lattice constants along the direction of polarization in rectangular nanohole arrays can determine the resonance condition generating red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors and potentially be applied to display applications. In ourprevious report, we have optimized the ion beam nanomachining conditions to fabricate the nanostructures on the metal film. We apply the fabrication conditions to make nanoscale hole arrays using 100 nm thick gold layer on the glass substrate with the optimal design of periodicities along x, y, and diagonal directions of a=440 nm, b=520 nm, c=682 nm, and the hole diameter of d=200 nm. Using the reflective light in dark field mode of optical microscope, we can observe different colors. When the polarizer is paralleled along a, b, or c direction, the represented color is changed to R, G, and B, respectively. We further map the color using i1 to correlate the conditions of the nanohole arrays with their characteristic color.

The technique presented in this paper maximizes LCD color performance by way of advanced gamma control technology. First, two gamma curves corresponding to two sub-pixels are mixed to minimize gamma distortion off-axis, then RGB gamma curve control is used to establish accurate on-axis color. Independent RGB curve control for each sub-pixel improves the LCD's performance both on- and off-axis.

In this paper, to improve the well-known photo conductivity degradation of amorphous silicon, a new LASER immersion treatment has been applied. The optical feedback control LED backlighting system with integrated LCD panel sensor increased the color variation less than 0.008 ${\Delta}u'v'$ compared to 0.025 for a non-feedback system.

We propose a visible light communication system in which the color and brightness are controllable. Pulse width modulation and variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) schemes are used to control the color and brightness, respectively. A digital algorithm to decode VPPM signals is suggested and implemented. A seamless transmission is observed in a testbed experiment under various environmental conditions. The proposed scheme can be applied to emotional-lighting-based wireless optical communication.