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이 글은 조선 전기 詩選集인 『風騷軌範』 전후집에 수록된 蘇軾의 시와 그 분류양상을 이 무렵 수입된 분문찬류 형태의 시집 『增刊校正王狀元集註分類東坡先生詩』와 비교 분석하여 풍소궤범에 내재된 분류의식이 가진 차별점과 그 의미를 살펴보는 데 목적을 두었다. 먼저 『풍소궤범』에 수록된 소식 시의 특징적인 부분들을 확인하였다. 그 구체적인 방법으로는 『풍소궤범』에서 소식의 시가 수록된 실질 양상을 정리하여 이를 바탕으로 여러 눈에 띄는 부분들을 살펴보았다. 특히 제목, 내용, 시 수록의 층차에서 비롯되는 특이점들을 살펴 이것이 시사하는 바를 확인하였다. 확인 결과 『풍소궤범』은 여느 고전 시선집과 마찬가지로 수록 층차의 곳곳에 선자의 의도가 표출되어 있었으며, 특히 시들 간의 상호 관계와 맥락을 중요하게 여긴 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 다음으로 같은 주제별 분류 양식을 사용하고 있는 『풍소궤범』 후집과 『증간교정왕장원집주분류동파선생시』의 분류 형태를 비교하는 방식으로 선자의 의도와 분류의식, 문학적 경향성을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 비교적 포괄성을 줄여 분류 기준을 간명화하면서도 일부 분류에 대해서는 뚜렷한 주관성을 드러내었던 면모를 열람할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 방대한 자료량과 그 증빙의 여파로 논의할 만한 부분 중 작은 단면만을 조망하는 데 그치고 있지만, 이러한 시도는 차후 한시 데이터베이스와 그 주제분류를 논의하는 데 초석이 될 수 있을 것이다.

This article aims to analyze the classification patterns of 蘇軾’s poems in the 『風騷軌範』, compared to 『增刊校正王狀元集註分類東坡先生詩』. First, examined the microscopic details of editorialization in the 『風騷軌範』 collections that follow the formal classification. This exposes the writers of 『風騷軌範』’s tendency for classification, which is discreetly displayed in the specifics of their deviations. Subsequently, looked at the areas of the 『風騷軌範』’s general classification that deal with topic categorization and include complex intentions. In particular, diagnosed the tendency by focusing on the contents that clearly show the intention of the author in the hierarchy. Next, looked at the differences in the actual classification of 『風騷軌範』 and 『增刊校正王狀元集註分類東坡先生詩』. Through this, examined the classification consciousness and literary tendencies of 『風騷軌範』. By reducing the relatively comprehensive parts, 『風騷軌範』 not only able to simplify the classification criteria, but also able to see the distinct subjectivity of some classifications. While this study only scratches the surface of the phenomenon due to the lack of references, this attempt can serve as a foundation for discussing the classification of Sino-Korean Poetry, which is clearly a necessary part of constructing a database of Sino-Korean Poetry.

Despite the evolution of runner performance in athletes with cerebral palsy (CP), little is known about neuromuscular parameters of sprinters from different classes, especially related to power output, muscular imbalances and asymmetry indexes in lower limbs. The aim of this study was to assess muscle power, muscular imbalance and asymmetry in sprinters with CP. Four male sprinters with CP (age, 18 to 27 years; body mass, 58.5 to 72.8 kg; height, 161.5 to 174 cm) classified as T38, T37, T36, T35 according to International Paralympic Committee functional classification, performed vertical counter movement jump and squat jump on force plate and isokinetic torque evaluations in both limbs. The concentric peak torque (PT) was measured at 60°/sec, 120°/sec and 180°/sec and PT eccentric at 60°/sec and 120°/sec. The asymmetry indexes, conventional and functional ratios were assessed. the results showed that athletes with more severe impairments (T35 and T36) showed worse performance to muscle power, more muscular imbalance and higher asymmetry in PT between limbs (> 10%). The exception was T37 athlete, who presented the better performance for all variables. it is concluded that CP athletes with more severe impairments showed lower jumping performance and torque production of knee extensors and flexors, they showed greater asymmetries between limbs. Finally, considering the results of T37 athlete, it seems that the athletic training for a longer period can reverse part of the neuromuscular impairments caused by CP.

기록관리학이 독자적인 학문영역으로 발전해가고 있다. 하지만 KDC를 비롯한 기존의 문헌분류표에서는 분류 항목 배열이 기록관리학의 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못하여 분류항목의 전개가 불합리한 부분이 있으며, 주제영역별 세목전개의 재배치가 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기록관리학의 학문 특성에 따라 주제영역을 기록관리 일반, 기록관리 법 정책, 기록물의 수집 선별 평가, 기록물의 조직, 기록정보서비스, 기록물 관리 및 보존, 기록관 운영, 기록관리 기관 등 8개 영역으로 설정하고, 현대 주요 문헌분류표인 KDC, DDC, NDC, UDC, LCC의 분류체계를 분석한 후, "대한민국 국가서지"의 기록관리학 분야 유별 자료현황 및 주제어 분석 결과를 반영하여 KDC 기록관리학 분야의 분류체계 수정 전개 방안을 제시하였다. 기록관리학 관련 주제영역 8개 분야의 내용은 KDC 028로 통합할 수 있도록 변경하였다.

Archives and Records Management Studies is being developed its own independent domains. However, the existing library classification scheme such as the KDC don't properly reflect the characteristics of Archives and Records Management Studies. This classification scheme has the irrational part of the arrangement of the subject items and should be required to rearrange subdivision of the subject areas. In this study, According to the characteristics of Archives and Records Management Studies, It is set up 8 subject areas, Records Management (General), the law and polices of records management, the collection and appraisal of the records, the documentary organization, recording information services, preservation of the records, archives management, archives and records center, etc. After analyzing the major contemporary library classification system such as KDC, DDC, NDC, UDC, LCC, then It is suggested that improvement measures through analyzing classification status and keywords of the Archives and Records Management data contained in Korean National Bibliography. In Archives and records management studies, The contents of the eight subject areas related to the field are changed to allow integration with KDC 028.

최근 홈쇼핑 카탈로그의 변화는 그동안의 저가, 할인의 이미지를 탈피하여 최신 상품과 최근 Trend 제안 및 고객 라이프스타일 제안, 최신 정보, 최신 가격을 알려주는 상품정보지로 거듭나고 있다. 상품전략, 마케팅전략, 고객전략 등과 더불어 최종적인 표현전략인 디자인 전략이 부각되는 시점이다. 지금까지 많은 상품을 단지 보여주기 위한 단순한 디자인 편집과정에서 탈피하여 앞으로의 디자인 전략은 고객에게 단순 정보전달 이상의 즐거움을 전하는 매개체로의 역할 수행과 선행전략들을 농축하여 카탈로그의 목적인 예측 가능한 반응 즉 구매를 유도하기 위한 전략적 접근이 필수적이다. 특히 홈쇼핑 카탈로그의 표지는 카탈로그 전체의 이미지와 신뢰도를 결정하며 고객이 기대를 가지고 카탈로그를 펼치도록 유인하는 역할을 하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 선진 사례인 미국, 일본과 국내 표지 사례들을 유형별로 분류, 비교분석해 봄으로서 국내 홈쇼핑 카탈로그의 표현 전략화에 도움을 주고자 한다.

In recent times, changes in home shopping catalogs show that they are being reborn as a product information journal which informs the latest trend suggestion and customer lifestyle suggestion, latest information, and recent prices by breaking away from the previous image of low prices and discounts up to the present. We are at a point in time when design strategy, the ultimate expression strategy along with product strategy, marketing strategy, and customer strategy stands out. A strategic approach to attract purchase, in other words, a predictable response, which is the purpose of catalogs is essential by playing the role as a media delivering more than just information to customers and concentrating on preceding strategies. Especially, home shopping catalog covers determines the overall image and reliability of the catalog itself, and is an important element that plays the role of inducing the customer to open the catalog with something to look forward to. In this study, I have classified examples of domestic home shopping covers and examples of advanced covers of the US and Japan and conducted comparative analysis on them, I intend to help the expression strategy of domestic home shopping catalogs.

기부문화가 활성화되지 못한 한국에서 기부는 아직도 대부분의 사람들에게 경제적인 여유나 시간적인 여유를 가진 사람들의 몫이라는 선입견이 팽배하다. 게다가 몇몇 기부단체들의 비리로 인해 기부금의 쓰임새에 대 한 불신 또한 많은 사람들이 기부를 주저하게 하는 이유가 되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 기부에 대한 불신과 잘못된 시각에 대한 인식개선과 함께 사람들이 행동의 변화로 기부에 동참할 수 있도록 유도하는 기부 캠페인의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 다양한 기부 캠페인 성공사례를 유형별로 분류하여 살펴보고 각 유형별 특징을 토대로 기부 문화 확산과 정착을 위한 기부 캠페인의 제작방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 사람들의 호기심을 자극하고 재 미와 즐거움이 제공되었을 때 공감하고 기부로 이어지는 효과가 좋았다. 또한 기부과정이나 결과를 투명하게 보여 주는 것이 신뢰를 형성하고 지속성 있는 기부로 이어짐을 알 수 있었다.

People believe donations are done by others who have the leisure time and money to do so. In addition, people distrust charity organizations because they aren't sure if the money is used properly which makes them hesitant to donate. In order to gain general public’s trust and involvement, people need to start campaigning about trusting and donating to organizations. Looking into many different successful charity case studies, we can find how these different cases are attracting people and building their trust. Therefore, I propose the proper and effective ways to campaign for charity organizations through analyzing different case studies. The result shows that a campaign is most effective when arising amusement and curiosity in the general public. Also trust gets built in the minds of the public once the charity organizations became more transparent.

This study has tried to search for the measures to settle the customs classification dispute based in the cases of Korea and come to the following conclusions: First, we need to develope a logic for the classification of relevant item to achieve a favorable decision for us. Second, the logic needs to comply with the General Rules for the Interpretation of the Harmonized System and be persuasive. Third, we need to ask the WCO to furnish information or guidance on any matters concerning the classification of goods in case the dispute can not be settled through bilateral negotiation. Fourth, the excessive state intervention can cause an adverse effect and lead to the other party’s strong objection. Fifth, we need to cooperate with the contracting parties sharing the same opinion when the WCO considers the dispute and makes recommendations for its settlement.

광교, 동북태, 강림, 육우3호, 은대두등과 같은 대리장려품종이 바이러스에 의하여 심하게 이병되었다. 이 병은 주로 모자익병의 발생이 많은 강원, 경기지방에서 발병이 심하였으나 모자익병이 심하지 않은 전남 등 남부지방에서도 발병되고 있다. 병징으로 보아 tobacco ringspot virus에 의한 대두의 피해와 유사한 것으로 보였으나 지표식물검정과 혈청검정에 의하여 조사한 결과 모두 부정적이었으며 대두품종에 따른 이병정도의 상이, 품종과 접종원에 의한 병징의 변이가 많았다. 이병주에서 분리되는 병징형은 Mottling과 necrosis였으며 지금까지의 연구결과 이 대두병해는 모자익바이러스(SMV)의 계통 내지는 tobacco ringspot virus 이외의 두류바이러스의 복각감염에 의한 것으로 생각할 수 있으나 SMV의 계통에 의한 피해일 가능성이 더욱 유력시되고 있다.

Leading soybean cultivars such as Kwanggyo, Yugu No.3, Dongbugtae, Gangrim, and Eundaedu were heavily diseased by a virus in Korea. The disease was most severe in the northern provinces where soybean mosaic virus also occurrs, but the disease has also been observed in other provinces where soybean diseases are less prevalent. The disease symptoms were similar to bud blight caused by tobacco ringspot virus; but this was not confirmed in inoculation tests on indicator plants and serological experiments. There were some differences in varietal susceptibility to the disease, with symptom variation depending on the soybean cultivar and source of inoculm. Disease symptoms on infected soybean plants were mottling and necrosis. The present results, therefore, indicate some strains of SMV or a mixture of legume viruses may or may not be responsible for the disease.

The production and productivity of $C_3 and C_4$ type plants in Korea was studcied In the areas, in which the summer temperature is above $30^{\circ}C,;C_3$ type plants showed“M” type productivity curves exhibiting two peaks in spring and autumn, and C4 type plants showd “Bell” type productivity curves which show one peak in summer(Figs. 1,2,3,4,5). From the result of researching the standing crop of $C_3 and C_4$type plants dcuring August and September in which the standing crop reaches the highest peak, the dominant plants in the natural grass vegetation were almost all of $C_4$ type plants, showing the high standing crop, while the standing crop of $C_3$ type plants shows its high peak in the humid areas, riversides and dams.

We evaluated the proposed correlation value for the analysis of airborne particles using light-scattering signals and aerodynamic size determined using a well-known commercial instrument. This method enables the real-time classification of the components of airborne particles. The correlation value can be applied to classify biological and heavy metal components based on their density. This study opens the path to enhance the current bioaerosol and non-bioaerosol detection system and could help in optimizing the fast detection and classification of airborne particle components.

We have been carrying out near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as well as [Fe II] narrow band imaging observations of Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR). In this presentation, we describe the spectral classification of the iron knots around the SNR. From eight long-slit spectroscopic observations for the iron-bright shell, we identified a total of 61 iron knots making use of a clump-finding algorithm, and performed principal component analysis in an attempt to spectrally classify the iron knots. Three major components have emerged from the analysis; (1) Iron-rich, (2) Helium-rich, and (3) Sulfur-rich groups. The Helium-rich knots have low radial velocities (${\mid}v_r{\mid}$ < 100 km/s) and radiate strong He I and [Fe II] lines, that match well with Quasi-Stationary Flocculi (QSFs) of circumstellar medium, while the Sulfur-rich knots show strong lines of oxygen burning materials with large radial velocity up to +2000 km/s, which imply that they are supernova ejecta (i.e. Fast-Moving Knots). The Iron-rich knots have intermediate characteristics; large velocity with QSF-like spectra. We suggest that the Iron-rich knots are missing "pure" iron materials ejected from the inner most region of the progenitor and now encountering the reverse shock.

Recently, the construction of U-City or of U-City service (U-service) in many kinds of urban development projects becomes the general trend. However, as the construction of U-city comes into the spotlight like the trend of the times, various service constructions are being indiscreetly implemented since it's processed focusing on local specialized projects or local landmark project by a local autonomous entity or an institute in charge being off the original purpose of the improvement of living quality of residents and the efficiency of urban management, which causes a number of problems on the process, maintenance, operation and management of those projects. Therefore, this study is to derive the standard pattern of U-service construction through the analysis of patterns and numbers of U-service and problems during the process of construction in domestic U-City construction case district, and is aimed to suggest the reasonable direction of service construction based on this. 11 projects areas in which data related to U-service are available among U-City construction project areas were selected for the subjects of this study, and it's standardized with 228 detailed unit services that were suggested by U-Eco City R&D and with 11 service domains that are regulated in "the Act of ubiquitous city construction etc.", and it is limited to services that were suggested in U-City case area of which design was completed by July, 2010 based on this. The actual state of various U-service construction is analyzed through case studies as well as reviews on the legal and theoretical concept and the method of pattern classification of U-service, the plan for the standardization (pattern classification) of U-service and the plan for the construction body of service and to share the costs are suggested as the plan to construct reasonable U-service based on this for the method and the procedure of this study For the method to construct U-service, the plan to classify the pattern of U-service into the basic service and additional service is suggested, and whether it has the publicity, whether urban infrastructure is included, whether utilities are included, the body of realization, the recipients, the urgency, the importance and the spreading, etc. are suggested for the index to determine the pattern of service. The method to get the executor of a project to construct the basic service, the method to get the executor of a project to construct the most basic service among the group classification of service and to get a private entity and a local autonomous entity to perform additional service in the future, and the method to construct the whole service and to distribute the construction costs were suggested, and the first one that determines the body of construction after dividing U-service into the basic service and the additional service was evaluated to be the most reasonable one. And the plan to solve the problem that the excessive construction costs of U-service are shifted onto the executor of a project through benefit principle, balanced distribution principle and consultation and mediation between the interested parties was suggested for the criteria to share the costs.

The use of the classification and regression tree (CART) methodology was studied in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) context on a data set consisting of the binding affinities of 39 imidazobenzodiazepines for the α1 benzodiazepine receptor. The 3-D structures of these compounds were optimized using HyperChem software with semiempirical AM1 optimization method. After optimization a set of 1481 zero-to three-dimentional descriptors was calculated for each molecule in the data set. The response (dependent variable) in the tree model consisted of the binding affinities of drugs. Three descriptors (two topological and one 3D-Morse descriptors) were applied in the final tree structure to describe the binding affinities. The mean relative error percent for the data set is 3.20%, compared with a previous model with mean relative error percent of 6.63%. To evaluate the predictive power of CART cross validation method was also performed.

The lack of a standardized classification system poses challenges for accurately assessing ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in Korea. This scoping review compared the UPF consumption levels reported in Korean studies and analyzed the discrepancies to highlight the need for a unified UPF classification system tailored to Korea. Four online databases were searched to identify studies conducted in Korea. From 147 papers, 20 papers that examined UPFs as the main variables were selected and reviewed. Their consumption levels are reported. Ninety percent of the papers were cross-sectional studies, while 10% were prospective cohort studies. Most studies (72%) measured UPF consumption using the 24-h dietary recall (24HR), while 28% used food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). The most popular topic (65%) was the association between UPF consumption and health outcomes, with obesity-related outcomes being examined most frequently. A wide range of UPF consumption was observed: from 4.9% to 32.8% of total energy intake. The estimates from food-based FFQs were the lowest compared to those from the dish-based FFQs or 24HR. Significant variations in UPF consumption levels were observed across dietary assessment methods, researchers, and data sources. This scoping review highlights the need for an objective and standardized UPF classification system, developed through collaboration among researchers, to minimize the potential misclassification issues when estimating UPF consumption or examining its associations with the health outcomes in Korea. Establishing a "UPF Working Group" could serve as an effective starting point for this initiative, and it is expected to attract participation from more researchers interested in UPF studies.

В статье представлен краткий обзор современной корейской, российской и зарубежной научной литературы по фонетике, рассматривающей проблемы классификации корейских согласных в корейской и российской научной литературе. В статье сравниваются разные точки зрения исследователей на проблему наличия категории звонкости-глухости согласных в корейском языке, отмечается, что отсутствие единой классификации корейских взрывных согласных ведет к несоответствиям в системах транскрипций и транслитераций корейских согласных и к созданию трудностей в обучении корейскому языку как иностранному. В результате анализа научной литературы было выявлено, что не существует единой классификации и единой транскрипции корейских согласных. Число корейских согласных в различных классификациях варьируется от 18 до 31. Это объясняется тем, что не все исследователи признают наличие звонких и полузвонких аллофонов слабых взрывных согласных ㅂ[p], ㄷ[t], ㄱ[k]; йотированного звука [j] в «j-дифтонгах» 야[ja], 여[jɔ], 요[jo], 유[ju], 얘[jɛ], 예[je], 의[ɨj] и полугласного [w] в «w-дифтонгах» 와[wa], 워[wɔ], 위[wi], 왜[wɛ], 웨[we]. Существует ряд спорных вопросов в классификациях корейских взрывных согласных: проблема дифференцирования по признакам звонкости-глухости и твердости-мягкости. Наличие ряда вышеуказанных нерешенных вопросов говорит о необходимости пересмотра существующих классификаций корейских согласных и создания новой классификации на основе результатов фонетико-экспериментальных исследований. Автор делает попытку создания новой классификации корейских взрывных согласных с учетом позиций и трех признаков исследуемых звуков: наличия или отсутствия озвончения, наличия или отсутствия придыхания и силы напряжения.

在一个学术领域，对以往研究进行整理并分析是颇有意义的，因为其不但对弄清以往的研究倾向有所帮助，而且对开展进一步的研究提供一个很好的坐标。我们进行这种回顾性工作时，首先要考虑研究范围的归类问题。即对以往的研究成就根据怎样的标准进行分类。20年来，韩国的汉语教学研究取得前所未见的成果，可是，作为一个独立的学科，汉语教学还处于起步阶段，不成体系，也还没有可靠的研究范围的归类标准。本文的主要目的就在于探讨汉语教学研究范围及其归类标准。为此，本文采用层次性与交叉性两个标准来进行分类并提出初步的分类体系。具体的分类体系如下:第一，第一层次分为宏观研究与微观研究。第二，宏观研究的第二层次分为"历史研究"与"共时研究"，微观研究的第二层次分为"总体设计"，"教学内容‘，"习得分析"，"教学方法"，"教材"，"测试"。第三，各层次的第二层次再分为若干个具体的研究领域。如上分类体系只是抛砖引玉，还需要通过充分的论证而加以修正。

종전에는 Brassica napus에서 성분이 개량되지 않은 유채의 일반 품종들의 Winter type만을 대상으로 춘파성 정도를 분류하고 추태로서 분류기준을 삼았으나 본 시험에서는 같은 B. napus인 Summer type까지를 포함하고 성분이 개량된 양질유ㆍ양박 품종을 공시하여 임실여부로서 분류기준을 삼는 새로운 분류를 시도하여 춘파성 정도를 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현재 목포지장에서 보유하고 있는 양질유ㆍ양박 유채(Brassica napus) 품종 및 육성계통들은 8단계 group으로 춘파성 정도를 분류할 수 있었고 춘파성 정도 제Ⅶ group는 Summer type의 계통들이 이에 속하였으며 이들 계통은 Oro, Midas 등의 Summer type의 품종과 교배하여 선발된 계통들이었다. 2. 춘파 파종기에 따른 성숙기변화는 춘파시기가 늦을수록 성숙기는 지연되는 경향이었고 춘파성 정도가 높음에 따라 생육일수와 적산온도가 줄어드는 경향이었다. 3. 춘파성 정도와 내한성 관계는 춘파성 정도가 높을수록 내한성이 낮았으며 춘파성 정도와 초성간에는 춘파성이 높을수록 초성에서 I형에 가깝고 주경의 신장이 분지보다 빈약한 바 이들 모든 상호관계는 고도의 부상관으로 나타났다. 4. 월동에 안전한 추파재배용계통은 춘파성 정도가 낮은 0, I, II group로서 공시품종중 59 품종이 이에 속하였다.

In order to obtain basic date for the cultivation and the breeding of double zero varieties of rapeseed, spring nature grade were investigated. Spring nature grade could be classified to 8 classes by the method of material maturity. The double zero varieties, Ⅶ group of spring adaptability has been developed from the cross "Oro" and "Midas" classified as summer type. A significant negative correlation was found between the spring adaptability and seed yield. On the other hand, a highly significant negative correlation was found between maturation and spring adaptability, cold resistnce and spring adaptability, plant from and spring adaptability. Ⅵ and Ⅶ group close to summer type showed spring growing adaptability, and 0, I and II group were appeared as winter type, autumn growing adaptability with cold tolerance.with cold tolerance.

저위(低位) 생산답중(生産畓中)에서 분포면적(分布面積)이 가장 넓고 개량(改良)의 효과(効果)가 큰 사질답(砂質畓)의 분포상태(分布状態) 및 실용적(実用的) 분류(分類)와 더불어 현재(現在) 널리 쓰이고 있는 답류형별(畓類型別) 분류체계(分類体系)의 개선(改善)을 위한 사질답(砂質畓) 유형분류(類型分類) 시안(試案)을 시도(試圖)하여 본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 현재(現在) 이용(利用)되고 있는 기준(基準)에 의(依)한 사질답(砂質畓)의 잠재생산력(潜在生産力)은 보통답(普通畓)의 86%이었고 생산력(生産力)의 변이정도(変異程度)가 커서 유형재분류(類型再分類)의 필요성(必要性)이 있었다. 2. 현재(現在) 이용(利用)되고 있는 답유형(畓類型) 구분기준중(区分基準中) "사질답(砂質畓)"은 토성(土性)이 사질(砂質)이더라도 습답(湿畓)인 경우(境遇)와 염농도(塩濃度)가 높은 경우(境遇)에는 제외(除外)되고 있으므로 "객토대상지(客土対象地)" 추천(推薦)이 복잡(複雜)하고 제염(除塩)되거나 배수조건(排水條件) 변화시(変化時)에 유형(類型)을 변경분류(変更分類)해야 하였다. 3. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)한 사질답분류(砂質畓分類) 시안(試案)에서는 토성(土性)이 사질(砂質)인 모든 답토양(畓土壌)을 포함(包含)시켰으며 수량(收量)에 영향(影響)이 큰 특성(特性)을 기준(基準)하여 개(個)의 아형(亜型)(산화용탈형(酸化溶脫型) 사질답(砂質畓); 건답형(乾畓型), 산화환원중간형(酸化還元中間型) 사질답(砂質畓); 반습답형(半湿畓型), 환원집적형(還元集積型) 사질답(砂質畓); 습답형(湿畓型), 환원염해형(還元塩害型), 사질답(砂質畓), 염해형(塩害型))으로 재분(再分)하였고 각아형(各亜型)은 토성계별(土性系別)로 토양통(土壌統)과 연결(連結)할 수 있었다. 그러므로 시안(試案)의 분류단계(分類段階)는 형(型)(사질답(砂質畓))-아형(亜型)(4개(個))-토성계(土性系)(5등급(等級))-토양통(土壤壌)(48개통(個統))으로 되었다. 4. 시안(試案)과 같이 사질습답(砂質湿畓)과 사질염해답(砂質塩害畓)을 사질답(砂質畓)의 일부(一部)에 포함(包含)시켜 생산력(生産力)의 변이정도(変異程度)를 검정(検定)해 본 결과(結果)는 현행(現行) 체계(体系)에 의(依)한 것보다 개선(改善)되엇다. 5. 전국(全国)의 사질답(砂質畓) 면적(面積)은 409,902ha로서 총(総) 답면적(畓面積)의 32.3%에 해당(該当)되며 시안(試案)대로 분류(分類)하면 38.9%(492,982ha)에 달(達)하였고 절대면적(絶対面積)이 많은 지역(地域)은 경기(京畿)(88,923ha), 전북(全北)(69,717ha), 경북(慶北)(55,390ha) 순(順)이었고 답면적(畓面積) 전체(全体)에 대(対)한 상대적(相対的) 비율(比率)이 높은 지역(地域)은 강원(江原)(58.9%), 경기(京畿)(50.5%), 충북(忠北)(48.5%), 전북(全北)(41.0%)의 순(順)이며 시안(試案)에 의(依)하면 사질답(砂質畓) 면적(面積)은 더욱 높아져서 강원도(江原道)의 경우(境遇)에는 71.4%가 사질질답(砂質質畓)에 해당(該当)되었다. 6. 사질답(砂質畓)은 답토양(畓土壌) 적성등급(適性等級)의 3급지(級地)(69.1%)와 4급지(級地)(29.2%)에 대부분(大部分)이 해당(該当)되었으며 3급지중(級地中)에서는 "3사질(砂質)"(53.3%), 4급지중(級地中)에서는 "4경사(傾斜)"(16.0%)에 해당(該当)하는 토양(土壌)이 가장 많았다. 토성계(土性系)(Texture family)별(別)로는 사양질계(砂壌質系)(Coarse loamy family)가 59.2%로 대부분(大部分)이었고 징사(徵砂) 사양질계(砂壌質系)(Coarse silty)인 것도 전체(全体)의 16.1%에 달(

The distribution and practical classification of sandy paddy soils, which have the most extensive acreage among low productive paddy soils in Korea and have distinctive improvement effects, were studied to propose a tentative new classification system of sandy textured paddy soils as a means of improving the "Paddy Soil Type Classification" scheme used. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The potential productivity of sandy textured paddy soils was about 86% of normal paddy and the coefficient of variation was relatively high indicating that the properties of soils included were not sufficiently homogeneous. 2. As the poorly drained and halomorphic (> 16 mmhos/cm of E.C. at $25^{\circ}C$) sandy soils are not included in the "Sandy Soil" type according to the criteria of "Soil Type Classification", the recommendation of "adding clay earth" become complicated, and the soil type have to change when the salts washed away or due to ground water table fluctuations. 3. Coarse textured soils were entirely included in the "Sandy Soils" in the tentative criteria of sandy soil classification proposed, and the sandy soils were subdivided into 4 subtypes that is "Oxidized leaching sandy paddy", Red-ox. intergrading sandy paddy", "Reduced accumulating sandy paddy" and "Reduced halomorphic sandy paddy". The system of sandy soil classification proposed were consisted of following categories; Type (Sandy paddy)-Sub-type (4)-Texture family (5)-Soil series (48). 4. The variation of productivities according to the proposed scheme was more homogenized than that of the present device. 5. The total extent of sandy paddy soils was 409, 902 ha (32.3% of total paddy) according to the present classification system, but the extent reached 492,983 ha (38.9%) by the proposed system. The provinces of Gyeong-gi (88.923ha), Jeon-bug (69.717 ha), Gyeong-bug (55.390 ha) have extensive acreage of sandy paddy soils, and the provinces that had high ratio of sandy paddy soils were Gang-weon (58.9%), Gyeong-gi (50.5%), Chung-bug (48.5%), Jeon-bug (41.0%) etc. The ratio was increased by the proposed scheme, e.g. 71.4% in the case of Gang-weon prov. 6. According to the suitability group of paddy soils, the sandy soils mostly belong to 3 class (69.1%) and 4 class (29.2%). Coarse loamy textural family (59.2%) and coarse silty (16.1 %) soils were dominantly distributed. 7. The "Red-ox. intergrading subtype" of sandy paddy pertinent to 49.6% (245,012 ha) while the "Oxidized leaching sub-type" reaches to 33.5% (64,890 ha) and the remained 16.9% (83,081ha) belong to "Reduced accumulating sub-type (14.0%) and "Reduced halomorphic sub-type (2.9%)" according to the proposed scheme.

In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the morphology of Cephalopods distributed in Korea and collected samples from South-East Asian countries including Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the mitochondrial gene, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) to understand the genetic divergences of the species and validate their origins. For achieving the objectives, samples were collected directly from Thailand Hat Yai, Songkhla, Indonesia Medan, Vietnam Ho Chi Minh, and Vung Tau in August 2015 and from China in September 2015. A total of 23 species of Cephalopods were identified falling under three orders, four familyies and nine genus. The species were distributed under Order: Octopoda (1 family, 3 genus, and 9 species), Order: Sepiolioda (1 family, 2 genus, and 8 species), and Order Teuthoidea (2 family, 4 genus, and 6 species). 23 species which is 1 family 3 genus 9 species in Octopoda, 1 family 2 genus 8 species in Sepiolioda, 2 family 4 genus 6 species in Teuthoidea. Phylogenetic analysis using COI gene was conducted for 18 species. For the remaining 5 species sequencing results showed severe variation and hence were not considered further. The COI phylogenetic analysis for the 18 species of Cephalopods were found consistent with the morphological identification. The excluded species will be subjected for a further detailed analysis.