Earticle

Safe operation of freight vehicles is an important issue for drivers, cargo, and other road users. In particular, the center of gravity of a freight vehicle is directly related to the stability of the vehicle, and this can fluctuate in real time depending on weight changes. Every time a freight vehicle loads or unloads cargo, its center of gravity changes, and these changes greatly affect the risk of vehicle rollover. We researched a continuous center of gravity measurement system for freight vehicles for safe driving.

Accidents that may cause overturning occur while forklifts are moving in a logistics center. Accidents can be prevented depending on the forklift driving habits of the forklift driver. The reach-type forklift forks that have completed the unloading operation must be moved inside the forklift. However, depending on the weight of the cargo, it takes time to move the forklift forks, which reduces productivity. When a reach-type forklift is moved with cargo loaded, the center of gravity of the cargo may change, causing the forklift to overturn. The distance range between cargo and forklift fork masts to prevent reach-type forklift overturning accidents was studied. The possibility of a forklift accident was tested by varying the distance between the forklift fork mast and the cargo from 1cm to 10cm. As a result of the research, it is necessary to proceed with work by distinguishing the distance between the fork mast and cargo centered on 5cm.

한국인 일본어학습자가 습득하기 어려운 발음 중의 하나는 파찰음이다. 파찰음은 파열 직후에 바로 마찰이 일어나서 조음되는 음이다. 일본어 파찰음은 성대 진동의 유무에 따라서 유성파찰음 [ʣ, ʥ]음과 무성파찰음 [ʦ, ʨ]으로 나누어지고, 음운론적으로 대립하여 변별적 기능을 한다. 한국어 파찰음은 ‘ㅈ,ㅊ,ㅉ’가 있는데 일본어처럼 성대진동 의 유무가 변별적 기능을 하지 않는다. 본 연구는 한국어와 일본어의 파찰음의 음향음성학적 특징을 살펴보기 위한 목적으 로 일본어 도쿄방언화자 및 한국어 서울 방언화자의 파찰음 발화를 『praat 5363』을 이용하여 마찰소음구간과 무게중심을 중심으로 음향음성학적으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 한국어 파찰음은 후행모음의 음가에 따라 마찰소음구간의 길이가 유의하게 다르게 실현되었고, 무게중심은 후속하는 모음이 고모음일 경우 무게중심이 가장 높게 나타나기는 하였지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 일본어 파찰음의 무게중심은 후행모음의 음가에 따라 유의하게 다르게 나타 나고, 무게중심은 일본어 파찰음의 조음위치를 설명하는 유용한 척도가 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

One of the pronunciation that are difficult for Korean learners of Japanese to master is the Japanese affricates. This study acoustically observed the affricate of the Tokyo dialect Japanese speaker and that of the Seoul dialect Korean speaker in order to examine the acoustic characteristics of the affricate in Korean and Japanese. This study was investigated in terms of 2 parameters, the duration of the frication noise and the center of gravity. The results of this study are as follows. First, the duration of the frication noise in Korean was manifested significantly variably depending on the sound value of the following vowel. In other words, the duration of the affricate was longer when the following vowel was a high vowel than when it was a low vowel. Additionally, the duration of noise for ‘ㅊ/ch/’ was the longest and that for ‘ㅉ/c’/’ the shortest. Second, the highest center of gravity of the affricate in Korean appeared when the following vowel was a high vowel; however, there was no statistically significant difference observed. Third, the duration of frication noise in Japanese appeared long in the unvoiced affricate than in the voiced affricate, and this showed that the unvoiced sound takes more breath than the voiced sound. Furthermore, the alveolar affricate manifested a longer duration of noise than the alveopalatal affricate, regardless of the vibration of the vocal cord. This is attributed to the fact that making the alveolar sound takes less time to move to the constriction point inside the oral cavity than the alveopalatal sound, taking a relatively short time for constriction. Fourth, As for the center of gravity in Japanese affricates, the results showed a significant difference according to the sound value of following vowels.

Supply chain for the economic development of East Asian economic development model, the study's purpose is to establish. Korea, Japan, China, Russia and Asia, including North Korea and get the status of economic development by focusing on key issues and proposed solutions, within a few years of the coming of a new East Asian economic integration of new supply chain would like to prepare for the era. Weight The weight of the center to the center of East Asia, looking for techniques to approach the supply chain scenario, the economic development strategies and measures were studied. East Asia's economic potential value of the supply chain, identify and recognize the importance and benefits should be Presents detailed country-specific development strategies and leading Asian economies will have to pay the supply chain. Republic of Korea's leading East Asian economies in order to supply the industry, industry development strategy as detailed in the running to move. North and South Korea for economic integration, the era of supply-chain economy, you need to prepare calmly.

Nowadays, a logistics and distribution center plays an important role in all industries. In addition to its traditional functions as a storage and unloading facility the distribution center serves as an assembly place for information, a source of information, and a turning point for the flow of information. On account of the above-mentioned reasons, each and every industry has increasing need of logistics distribution center. At this juncture, the present author thinks that it is necessary to make a study of the establishment and maximization of a ceramics logistics distribution center as a way for activating the ceramics industry.

Recently, IoT researches using sensor data based on embedded networks in various fields including healthcare and sports have been continuously attempted. This study analyzes golf ball mobility to support IoT application in golf sports field. Generally, since the difference in density occurs due to the condition of the inner material and the abnormal state at the time of the outer skin joining during the manufacturing of the golf ball, the weight of each subset is equal for any two points with the same radius in the sphere cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, the deflected weight of the sphere has the undesirable effect of hitting the ball in a direction in which the weight of the ball is heavy. In this study, it is assumed that there is a unique center of gravity of the ball, and even if the golf ball cannot be manufactured perfectly, it wants to establish the basic principle to accurately recognize or mark the putting line based on the center of gravity. In addition, it is evaluated how the mobility of the golf ball with a deviation from the center of gravity of the golf ball affects the progress path (or movement direction) and the moving distance (or carry distance) after the golfer hits. The basic model of the mobility of the golf ball can help the golfer exercise model and the correlation analysis. The basic model of the mobility of the golf ball can help the golfer exercise model and the correlation analysis.

Purpose: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is one of the risk factors for postural imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of induced leg length discrepancy on the limitation of stability (LOS) and static postural balance. Methods: Thirteen adults (males, 7; females 6) participated in this study. The LOS and static postural balance [sway length, sway area, and sway velocity of center of gravity (COG) displacement] were measured by the balance trainer system. The subjects were asked to move the COG for the anterior, posterior, and left and right directions maximally and to keep standing on the platform with and without induced LLD for 30 s in the open and closed eyes conditions, respectively. The LLD was artificially induced to 2 cm using insole. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the LOS and the static postural balance between with and without induced LLD. Results: The anterior and posterior LOS significantly decreased in induced LLD (p<0.05), and the left and right LOS were not significantly different between with and without LLD (p>0.05). Sway length, sway area, and sway velocity of the COG displacement significantly decreased in induced LLD (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that induced LLD could decease the antero–posterior LOS and increased the static postural balance. Therefore, the LLD could disturb the postural balance.

‘무게중심’의 개념은 현재 초등교과영역에서 처음 등장하여 대학의 수학과 물리학, 공학 분 야 등 폭넓게 응용되고 있지만 실제 교육은 실생활과 유리된 이론수업의 형태가 대부분이었 다. 2013년 ‘OO대학교 과학영재교육원’에서 영재학생들을 대상으로 ‘무게중심 확인 융합 프 로그램’을 개발하였고, 본 연구에서는 이 프로그램을 수준별 수업으로 재구성하여 비영재학 생들에게 적용시켜 그 효과성을 분석하고자 한다. 물체의 빈 공간이나 물체 밖에 무게중심이 존재하는 경우를 확인하는 실험 등 새로운 과정을 포함하였으며, 무게중심을 구할 때 핵심이 되는 지렛대의 원리에서 지렛대의 무게를 고려한 계산 방식을 제시하여 보다 실제적으로 개 념에 다가갈 수 있도록 하였다. 초․중․고등학교 학생 총 65명을 대상으로 기존 8차시 프로 그램을 4차시로 재편성하여 적용하였고, 수업 후 설문과 토론, 인터뷰 등을 통하여 분석한 결과, 학생들은 정밀한 오차분석 등의 과정을 통하여 수준 높은 성공의 경험을 하였다.

The concept of the center of gravity is presently being introduced in elementary school curriculums and is broadly applied to Mathematics, Physics, and the Engineering field in University education which are mostly theoretical classes much separated from actual life in the practical educational field. In 2013, OO University of Science and Gifted Education, had developed the multidisciplinary approach program of verifying the center of gravity for gifted students, but this program was reconstructed and applied to ordinary students and the effectiveness was analyzed to lay the foundation and generalize this convergence education. Including experiments for verifying the center of gravity in an object with a hollow interior and the existence of a center of gravity outside an object, I proposed realizing the calculations by considering the weight of the lever, the Principle of the lever being a core factor when finding the center of gravity. We altered the existing 8 step program to a 4 step program for the told 65 students from elementary, Junior and High School students, letting them freely select the class lecture by themselves. The analysis attained from surveys, debates and interviews showed that by precise error analysis, students achieved a higher success experience, showing us the importance of the development of a new convergence program.

인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용을 연구하는 분야를 HCI(Human-computer interaction)라고 한다. 이 분야는 인간 과 컴퓨터 간에 서로 소통하면서 정보를 인식하는 방법에 대해 연구하는 학문 분야이다. 본 연구는 사람과의 상호작 용을 위한 손동작 인식에 대한 연구로써 기존 인식방법의 문제점을 살펴보고 인식률을 개선하기 위한 알고리즘을 제 시한다. 사람의 손 모양이 포함된 영상을 대상으로 피부색 정보를 바탕으로 손 영역을 추출하고, 주성분 분석을 이용 하여 무게중심 프로필을 계산한다. 이렇게 얻은 정보를 미리 정의된 형상들과 비교하여 손동작을 인식률을 높이는 방 법을 제안하였다. 기존의 무게중심 프로필은 회전으로 인한 손의 변형에 대해 잘못된 손동작 인식을 결과를 보여주었 으나, 본 연구에서는 무게중심 프로필을 이용하고 모든 윤곽선의 점들과 무게중심 사이의 거리가 가장 긴 점을 시작 점으로 하여 무게중심 프로필을 다시 개선함으로써 강건한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 손동작 인식을 위하여 센서가 부 착된 장갑이나 특별한 마커를 사용하지 않으며, 별도의 청색 스크린을 설치하지도 않는다. 이 결과에 대해 가장 가까 운 거리의 특징벡터를 찾아 잘못된 인식을 해결하고, 적당한 경계치를 구하여 성공과 실패를 구분한다.

The field that studies human-computer interaction is called HCI (Human-computer interaction). This field is an academic field that studies how humans and computers communicate with each other and recognize information. This study is a study on hand gesture recognition for human interaction. This study examines the problems of existing recognition methods and proposes an algorithm to improve the recognition rate. The hand region is extracted based on skin color information for the image containing the shape of the human hand, and the center of gravity profile is calculated using principal component analysis. I proposed a method to increase the recognition rate of hand gestures by comparing the obtained information with predefined shapes. We proposed a method to increase the recognition rate of hand gestures by comparing the obtained information with predefined shapes. The existing center of gravity profile has shown the result of incorrect hand gesture recognition for the deformation of the hand due to rotation, but in this study, the center of gravity profile is used and the point where the distance between the points of all contours and the center of gravity is the longest is the starting point. Thus, a robust algorithm was proposed by re-improving the center of gravity profile. No gloves or special markers attached to the sensor are used for hand gesture recognition, and a separate blue screen is not installed. For this result, find the feature vector at the nearest distance to solve the misrecognition, and obtain an appropriate threshold to distinguish between success and failure.

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the method for determining the position of the center of gravity for agricultural tractors. Methods: The proposed method uses trigonometric functions and coordinate transformation. Data were measured according to the ISO 789-6 test procedures for the center of gravity of agricultural tractors. The height calculated using the proposed method was compared with that determined from an AutoCAD drawing. To find the center of gravity of the tractor, the algorithm for finding the intersection of the two lines was used. Results: The vertical height from the ground to the center of gravity is 682.06 mm. The vertical coordinates obtained from the calculation and the drawing were the same. Conclusions: The developed method uses trigonometric and polar coordinate transformation. The method was compared and verified with the AutoCAD drawing results. The results indicate that users can apply this developed method instead of the plotting method which is an inconvenient and time-consuming. Further, users can program Microsoft Excel to easily determine the vertical coordinate. In addition, researchers will propose this method to the ISO as a standard method for determining the center of gravity in accordance with ISO 789-6.

Archimedes determined the center of gravity of a parabolic section as follows. For a parabolic section between a parabola and any chord AB on the parabola, let us denote by P the point on the parabola where the tangent is parallel to AB and by V the point where the line through P parallel to the axis of the parabola meets the chord AB. Then the center G of gravity of the section lies on PV called the axis of the parabolic section with $PG=\frac{3}{5}PV$. In this paper, we study strictly locally convex plane curves satisfying the above center of gravity properties. As a result, we prove that among strictly locally convex plane curves, those properties characterize parabolas.

본 연구에서는 근골격계 통증이 자세유지와 균형능력에 핵심이 되는 중력중심 이동에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아봄으로서, 균형과 자세에 영향을 주는 다양한 요소들에 대한 새로운 접근을 시도해 보고자 한다. I-병원의 입원 및 외래 환자 중 신경계 손상이 없고 중력중심 이동에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 하지에 정형외과적 장애가 없으며, 전정계 손상이나 시력장애로 인한 균형에 문제가 없이 근골격계 질환으로 요통과 견통을 주소로 하는 71명의 환자(남자 38, 여자 33; 평균연령=44, 표준편차=13.8, 범위=19~79)와 신경계, 근골격계 및 평형감각에 문제가 없는 정상인 30명의 대조군(남자 16, 여자 14; 평균연령=39.2, 표준편차=13.7, 범위=21~72)을 대상으로 전산화된 힘판을 이용하여 중력중심 이동의 궤적을 표준편차값으로 측정하였다. 측정된 중력중심 이동값은 두 군간에 상이한 차이를 보이고 있음이 검증되었다(p<.01). 또 측정된 여러 변수들의 중력중심 이동에 대한 영향력을 알아보기 위해 나이, 체중 및 신장과 중력중심 이동과의 상관분석 결과 중력중심 이동의 15.8%를 체중의 변화에 의한 것으로 설명할 수 있다는 결과를 얻었으며, 그 외의 변수들과의 연관성에 대해선 유의미한 차이가 없었다(p<.01). 결과적으로 근골격계 통증은 올바른 자세유지와 균형유지를 위한 감각통합과 반응과정에 직접, 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 중력 중심 이동이 크면 클수록 중심을 잡기 위한 근육활동으로 추가적인 에너지가 사용되고, 편중된 중력중심 이동은 근골격계에 무리한 부담을 주어 통증을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이다. 또 통증으로 인한 중력중심 이동은 이를 보상하기 위해 신체 먼 곳에서의 이차적인 변형을 초래하여 각종 근골격계 증상의 원인이 될 수 있으므로 근골격계에 대한 적절한 치료는 통증을 감소시켜 자세의 이차적인 변형을 막고 자세유지 시 작용하는 근육의 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In the rule based modeling, data partitioning plays crucial role be cause partitioned sub data set implies particular information of the given data set or system. In this paper, we present an empirical study result of the data pattern estimation to find underlying data patterns of the given data. Presented method performs crisp type clustering with given n number of data samples by means of the sequential agglomerative hierarchical nested model (SAHN). In each sequence, the average value of the sum of all inter-distance between centroid and data point. In the sequel, compute the derivation of the weighted average distance to observe a pattern distribution. For the final step, after overall clustering process is completed, weighted average distance value is applied to estimate range of the number of clusters in given dataset. The proposed estimation method and its result are considered with the use of FCM demo data set in MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and Box and Jenkins's gas furnace data.

Cluster analysis has been widely used in many applications, such as data analysis, pattern recognition, image processing, etc. But clustering requires many hours to get clusters that we want, because it is more primitive, explorative and we make many data an object of cluster analysis. In this paper we propose a new clustering method, 'Clustering algorithm using a center of gravity for grid-based sample'. It reduces running time by using grid-based sample and keeps accuracy by using representative point, a center of gravity.

Cluster analysis has been widely used in many applications, such that data analysis, pattern recognition, image processing, etc. But clustering requires many hours to get clusters that we want, because it is more primitive, explorative and we make many data an object of cluster analysis. In this paper we propose a new clustering method, 'Clustering algorithm using a center of gravity for grid-based sample'. It is more fast than any traditional clustering method and maintains accuracy. It reduces running time by using grid-based sample and keeps accuracy by using representative point, a center of gravity.

K-means clustering is an iterative algorithm in which items are moved among sets of clusters until the desired set is reached. K-means clustering has been widely used in many applications, such as market research, pattern analysis or recognition, image processing, etc. It can identify dense and sparse regions among data attributes or object attributes. But k-means algorithm requires many hours to get k clusters that we want, because it is more primitive, explorative. In this paper we propose a new method of k-means clustering using a center of gravity for grid-based sample. It is more fast than any traditional clustering method and maintains its accuracy.

“전쟁은 다른 수단에 의한 정치의 연속”이라는 프러시아의 군사전략가 클라우제비츠의 유명한 경구에 비추어 볼 때, 아프가니스탄 전쟁과 이라크 전쟁을 통해 제기될 수 있는 주된 비판은 미국의 압도적인 군사적 승리가 전쟁의 정치적 목적 달성에 제대로 기여하지 못했다는 점이다. 이는 신속한 승리를 위해 수도 카불의 탈레반 정권과 수도 바그다드의 사담 후세인 정권을 적의 “힘과 운동의 중추”인 “중심”으로 선정하여 주노력을 지향했던 미국의 군사작전이 당시 군사적 목표 달성 측면에서는 효과적이었지만, 탈레반 정권과 후세인 정권 붕괴라는 최초의 목표 달성 이후 변화된 환경에 기초하여 설정한 “민주적 친미정권 수립 및 지역 안정화”라는 전쟁의 궁극적인 정치적 목적 달성 측면에서는 중심으로서의 효과를 제대로 발휘하지 못했음을 의미한다. 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 본 논문에서는 클라우제비츠가 효과적인 전쟁계획 수립과 전쟁수행 방식을 설명하기 위해 역학으로부터 최초로 도입한 “무게중심” 개념을 먼저 살펴볼 것이다. 이후 각각의 상황적 전제조건들에 따라 클라우제비츠가 제시한 유형별 중심들을 다음의 다섯 가지로 구분할 것이다: (1) 독재자의 군대; (2) 수도; (3) 지도자의 개인적 자질; (4) 여론; 그리고 (5) 후원 강대국의 군대와 동맹 연합체. 나아가 오늘날 한반도의 안보상황을 포함한 여러 가지 예들을 제시하여 이들 다섯 가지 유형별 중심들의 현대적 적실성을 간단히 살펴보고 이들 중심들과 작전적, 전략적 전쟁 수준과의 관계성에 대해 검토할 것이다. 마지막으로 상기 유형별 중심들을 한반도 안보상황에 적용하여 각각의 특징과 함의에 대해 구체적으로 논의해 보고자 한다.

In view of Prussian military strategist Clausewitz's famous statement that “war is the continuation of politics by other means,” the main criticism that can be raised about both the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War is that the overwhelming military victory by the United States did not adequately contribute to the achievement of the wars' political objectives. Although U.S.-led military operations, which oriented their main efforts to the capital Kabul's Taliban regime and the capital Baghdad's Hussein regime, were effective in achieving their military aims at these times, they were not effective in achieving the wars' political objectives of “the establishment of democratic pro-American regime and regional stabilization.” With this problem in mind, this paper reviews the concept of “Center of Gravity” that Clausewitz borrowed from the mechanical sciences to explain the effective establishment of war plan and the effective method of war execution. Then this paper categorizes each type of center of gravity that Clausewitz introduced based on each circumstantial precondition, as follows: (1) a dictator's army; (2) capital; (3) a leader's personality; (4) public opinion; and (5) the army of the stronger state in support for the weaker state and the unity of alliance. Further, by citing several examples, including the current security circumstances in the Korean Peninsula, this paper briefly reviews the relevance of the each above-mentioned type of centers of gravity in the contemporary world and examines the relationships between such types of center of gravity and the levels of war - operational and strategic. Finally, by applying the above types of centers of gravity to the security circumstances in the Korean Peninsula, this paper concretely discusses the characteristics and implications of each type of center of gravity.