Earticle

Human emotion is a point to communicate each other. we applied human emotion to make computer interface. In this paper, we have researched the next generation interface technology "Bio Feedback system" which enabled us to estimate an emotional state of human being and so we applied it to embody ‘NPC’ using "Reinforcement Learning Algorithm" which is able to respond appropriately to human being’s emotions.

Purpose: This study investigated whether the strength imbalance between two muscles can affect the score of EMG based biofeedback game, and whether the EMG based biofeedback game score can be used as predictable indicator of the degree of muscle balance alternating the conventional strength measuring equipment. Methods: 40 participated in this study. Biodex was used to measure the peak torque/weight in order to calculate the muscle strength balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor of ankle joint. And muscle balance index (MBI) was calculated. The EMG biofeedback game scores of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor were acquired, so that the EMG electrodes were attached at tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The relationship between the game score and the muscle balance index were analyzed. Results: There was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the peak torque/weight of plantar flexor (r=-0.70). And there was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the game score of plantar flexor (r=-0.83). Conclusion: The EMG biofeedback game score had significant relationship with muscle imbalance at ankle joint, so it seems that the game score can be used for predicting the degree of muscle imbalance as a parameter.

Objective: Using biofeedback in instructing pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activation is a great method to provide information on muscle contraction. This study aimed to determine the immediate effectiveness of a mobile game-based instruction with an extracorporeal biofeedback device (EBD) to improve PFM contraction in healthy subjects. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects (4 men and 12 nulliparous women; age, 31±5 years) were enrolled. The subjects were randomly categorized into two groups, those who were to receive instructions on how to contract the PFM by using the EBD (n=7) and those who were to undergo a transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS; n=9) with biofeedback. PFM function was measured as the displacement (mm) of PFM elevation by using the TAUS before and after the instructions in each group. Results: The EBD and TAUS groups showed a significant increase in the displacement of PFM elevation after the instructions from 5.93±4.03 mm to 7.62±3.77 mm and from 5.27±3.39 mm to 7.47±2.79 mm, respectively (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that instructions for PFM contraction using the EBD and TAUS showed an immediate effect; however, no significant difference in effectiveness was observed between the two instruction methods. Therefore, not only can the TAUS method be used but the EBD method can also be used as a PFM instruction method for noninvasive procedures. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of training and exercise on larger sample sizes that includes patient populations with PFM dysfunction.

최근 기능성 게임 개발의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 바이오피드백 기술은 인간의 신체적인 신호들로부터 나온 신호들을 통하여 신체의 신호를 제어하고 향상 시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 자율신경계의 컨트롤도 훈련을 통하여 스스로 가능하다는 사실이 입증되면서 감성 분야에서 활발한 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 심전도를 이용하여 스트레스를 측정하고 바이오피드백을 통하여 피험자의 스트레스 해소에 사용되도록 하였다. 피험자의 스트레스를 정략적으로 측정하기 위하여 심전도 신호로 부터 R파를 추출하고 교감 부교감 신경의 활성도를 통하여 스트레스 상태를 추출하였다. 개발된 스트레스 측정 모듈은 바이오피드백 게임에 적용하여 스트레스 해소를 위한 기능성 게임에 활용될 수 있다.

Biofeedback is a treatment technique in which people are trained to improve their health by using signals from their own bodies. Biofeedback techniques that grew out of the early laboratory procedures are now widely used to train bio-signals. We are proposing the stress relief game and its software module to measure user's stress through biofeedback using electrocardiography and analysis of heart rate variability. The stress reduction system can recognize a user's stress status by analyzing ECG signals. The system utilizes five basic signal values to predict the emotion patterns of the user: P, Q, R, S, and T. To recognize the user's ECG signal patterns, amplitude based algorithm is applied. The approach relies on estimating the state of the autonomic nervous system from an analysis of heart rate variability. The heart rate signals are processed first using Fourier transform, and then it is applied to game module. In several experiments we have shown that after using the game software, people become less distracted by rejection, and they become less stressed at work and school.

본 연구는 일반 컴퓨터 게임과 뇌파를 이용한 바이오피드백 게임의 수행에 따른 뇌파의 변화를 비교하고자 하였다. 두 가지 게임을 수행하는 동안 수행 전반기와 후반기로 나누어 뇌파를 측정한 결과, 전반적으로 뇌파 게임은 수행 전반기에 비해 후반기에 slow alpha파가 증가하였고, 이와는 반대로 컴퓨터 게임은 전반기에 비해 후반기로 갈수록 fast beta파가 증가하였다. 특히 이러한 변화는 F3, F2, 그리고 T4 부위에서 두드러지게 관찰되었다. 후속 연구는 다양한 컴퓨터 게임들을 비교할 필요가 있다.