Earticle

아욱과(Malvaceae Jussieu)의 미기록종인 Corchorus aestuans L.가 충청북도 단양군 매포읍 매포리와 충청남도 태안군 이원면 관리의 경작지에서 발견되었다. 황마속(Corchorus L.)은 아욱과(Malvaceae)에 속하며, 50~60종으로 구성되어 있으며, 대부분의 종이 아 프리카와 호주에서 발견된다. C. capsularis L.(황마)는 섬유용으로, C. olitorius L.는 식용 및 약용으로 중요하며 전 세계적으로 재배되고 있다. C. aestuans L.는 C. capsularis에 비해 삭과는 원통형, 정단부는 갈라지고, 엽신에 털이 있으며, C. olitorius에 비해 키가 작고 (20-40 cm) 직립 또는 평복성이며, 삭과 정단부가 갈라지고, 엽신 전체에 털이 있는 특징으로 구분할 수 있다. 국명은 애기황마로 신칭하였으 며, 이에 대한 기재, 사진, 도해도 및 검색표를 제시하였다.

A newly recorded species of Corchorus aestuans L. in the family Malvaceae was discovered in the farmlands of Maepo-ri, Maepo-eup, Danyang-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do and Kwan-ri, Iwon-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The genus Corchorus L. belongs to the Malvaceae family and consists of 50-60 species, most of which are found in Africa and Australia. C. capsularis L. is important for fiber production and C. olitorius L. is important for food and medicine and is cultivated worldwide. C. aestuans can be distinguished from C. capsularis by the following characteristics: the capsule is cylindrical, the apices are forked, and the leaf blade is hairy; it is shorter (20-40 cm) and more erect or prostrate than C. olitorius; the capsule is forked at the apices, and the entire leaf blade is hairy. Its Korean name is Ae-gi-hwang-ma, and its descriptions, photographs, diagrams, and indices are provided in this study.

In this study, 8 field surveys of the vascular plants in Naejangsan National Park were conducted between May and November 2021. The vascular plants identified comprised 424 taxa, made up of 98 families, 257 genera, 377 species, 8 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 5 forms. Among these, 12 taxa of plants endemic to Korea, including Vicia hirticalycina Nakai and Ajuga spectabilis Nakai, were identified. Threatened plants according to the IUCN Red List Categories were 4 taxa consisting of 3 taxa of Vulnerable (VU) (Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.Tae & S.C.Ko, Iris koreana Nakai, and Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl.), and 1 taxon of Near Threatened (NT) (Cremastra appendiculata var. variabilis (Blume) I.D. Lund.). Three taxa (including L. chinensis var. sinuolata) designated as Endangered Wildlife Class II were also recorded. Floristic regional indicator plants included 18 taxa, 3 of which were Degree V and 15 were Degree III. In total, 21 taxa were recorded as alien plants, resulting in a naturalization index of 4.95% and an urbanization index of 6.54%. Additionally, 1 taxon of an ecosystem-disturbing plant was identified; namely, Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.

This study surveyed vascular plants in the Namhae-gun area (Namhae Bridge and Sangju ‧ Geumsan District) of Hallyeohaesang National Park. Five field surveys were conducted between April and October, 2020. The identified vascular plants comprised 303 taxa, including 98 families, 218 genera, 277 species, three subspecies, and 23 varieties. Twelve taxa of endemic Korean plants were investigated, including Asarum maculatum Nakai and Hosta jonesii M. G. Chung. Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, designated according to the IUCN Red List Category as near threatened (NT), was also identified. Sixteen floristic regional indicator plants comprised 5 taxa of IV degree and 11 taxa of III degree. Alien plants were recorded in 20 taxa, resulting in naturalization and urbanization indices of 6.6% and 6.2%, respectively. Additionally, two taxa of ecosystem-disturbing plants, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Humulus japonicus Siebold and Zucc., were investigated.

본 연구는 탐방객의 활동에 따른 종자의 이동과 해변길 주변의 식생의 변화 그리고 사구생태계의 경관분석을 통하여 외래식물의 분포의 변화를 분석하였다. 외래식물 분포는 해변길 입구에서 해변길을 주변을 따라 망초, 개망초, 달맞이꽃, 백령풀, 애기수영 등이 집중 분포하고 있고 외래식물의 식생과 식물상은 5~6월 조사보다 장마기간 후 8~9월 조사에서 외래식물의 종수와 군락의 수가 많아지고 분포면적 또한 넓어지는 것으로 판단되어 물리적인 제거를 위한 시기는 장마기간 중 또는 장마기간 직후를 선택해야 효율적인 제거가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 해안사구생태계에서 경관분석을 통한 외래식물의 분포면적은 주로 해변길 입구와 출구에서 가장 넓게 분포하고 있으며, 특히 해변길을 따라 분포하고 있는 것으로 판단되어 탐방객의 이동과 외래식물의 분포와의 상관관계가 있었다.

This study investigated in order to analyze the variation in the distribution of alien plants through movement of seeds, changes of vegetation arounded to the beach road (Haebyeongil) and landscape analysis of coastal ecosytems according to the activities of the visitors. Distribution of alien plants is concentrated Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Oenothera biennis, Diodia teres, and Rumex acetosella etc. from the entrance of the beach road along to around the beach road. Also, vegetaion and flora of alien plants was increased the number of species and communities in after rainy season (at august and september) than before rainy season (at may and June) and was also widened the area of distribution. Therefore the time to the physical removal of alien plants considered efficiently in the rainy season or after the rainy season. Distribution area of alien plants through landscape analysis in coastal ecosystem primarily was spread in the entrance and alien plant of the beach road (Haebyeongil). Especially, There is a direct correlation between the activities of the visitors and distribution of alien plants according to distribution of alien plant community along to the beach road (Haebyeongil).

Ambrosia trifida L, a large herbal plant of the compositae, has a high photosynthesis rate that enables the plant to grow tall and big. The tall and big leaves cover sunlight going to other plants, thus suppressing the growth of other plants and eventually simplifying the variety of neighboring plants. Moreover, Ambrosia triggers pollinosis by spreading its pollens. In order to reduce the population of Ambrosia, it was used as livestock feed, but the results showed limitations in actual use due to the low effectiveness. To find an effective method to resolve this problem, a study investigating the glucose content of Ambrosia and the effects when supplied to plants was conducted. In the experiment, glucose content was verified, and when given to plants, the extract made with the inner stem produced the longest growth length and highest chlorophyll content with a concentration of 50%. The use of Ambrosia in powder form also caused beneficial effects for the plant. When drying the residue formed after making an extract, the Ambrosia turned into paper form. The use of this Ambrosia paper also increased the chlorophyll content. Therefore, through the use of the inner stem of Ambrosia as a fertilizer, it can reduce the soil acidification caused by chemical fertilizers, resolve water contamination problems, and elevate the quality of crops.

The characteristics of 124 Phytolacca americana present areas and 88 surrounding absent areas over the country were investigated and compared from July 2016 to Sept 2017. The Phytolacca americana was confirmed as having been nationally distributed and is usually found in roadsides at an altitude of 380 m (26%), forest edges (24%), forests (19%), sunny spots (60%), dry soils (53%), sandy loams (31%) and sand＋gravel soils (22%). 321 taxons consisting of 79 families, 209 genera, 289 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties and 4 cultivars and 286 taxons consisting of 76 families, 195 genera, 256 species, 2 subspecies, 24 varieties and 4 cultivars were found in the Phytolacca americana present areas and the absent areas, respectively. The relative net contribution degree was found highest in the Phytolacca americana (100) followed by Robinia pseudoacacia (29.4), Humulus japonicus (8.8) and Artemisia princeps (6.0) in the present areas, while it was found highest in Robinia pseudoacacia (100) followed by Humulus japonicus (44.4), Artemisia princeps (35.9), Pueraria lobata (18.6) and Setaria viridis (12.3) in the absent areas. The Raunkier’s life form in the present/absent areas was found highest in the therophytes (34%/34%), followed by hemicryptophytes (17%/18%), megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes (18%/17%), nanophanerophytes (11%/11%) and geophytes (9%/11%). There was no significant difference in the species diversity between the present (2.141) and the absent (2.124) areas. However, the allelopathic agent and light blocked-out by the Phytolacca americana could possibly inhibit germination and the development of other species; especially, where a difference in species diversity was found high in forests, compared to other habitats (p=0.0605). Accordingly, it is suggested to review possible disturbances of native species habitats in shady spots including forest gaps, although the effect of Phytolacca americana on the ecological system in the suburban open and disturbed areas is not large.

한국에서 생태계교란 식물인 단풍잎돼지풀의 효과적인 관리방안을 마련하고자, 초식자인 돼지풀잎벌레의 기주특이성, 연간 이동거리를 조사하여 생물학적 방제 수단으로의 활용 가능성과 이 곤충의 섭식이 단풍잎돼지풀의 활력에 미치 는 영향을 연구하였다. 이를 위해서 돼지풀잎벌레의 기주선호도를 조사하였고, 돼지풀잎벌레가 확인된 지점을 기준으 로 거리가 10m, 20m, 30m, 100m 떨어진 지점에 돼지풀잎벌레가 없는 단풍잎돼지풀군락을 선정하여 돼지풀잎벌레 의 출현 여부 파악을 통해 이들의 이동 거리를 확인하였다. 그리고 돼지풀잎벌레의 섭식에 따른 단풍잎돼지풀의 생 육, 번식 그리고 생리반응을 측정하였다. 그 결과 돼지풀잎벌레는 국화과의 3분류군만을 섭식하였고, 숙주로부터 반 경 30m/yr 이내로 단거리 이동하였다. 초식자의 섭식은 단풍잎돼지풀의 생육, 번식 그리고 생리반응에 부정적인 영 향을 주었고, 초식자가 있는 곳으로부터 거리가 멀어질수록 생육 및 번식이 양호하였다. 또한, 단풍잎돼지풀의 식피율 이 50% 이하일 때 초식자를 도입하면 90% 이상의 단풍잎돼지풀을 제어할 수 있었지만, 식피율이 90% 이상에서는 제거의 효과가 감소했다. 결과적으로 돼지풀잎벌레는 단풍잎돼지풀의 생태학적 제어자로서 활용 가능성이 있고, 제어 의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 단풍잎돼지풀의 식피율이 낮은 봄(5월)에 이 곤충을 도입하는 것이 유리하다.

To develop an effective management plan for Ambrosia trifida L., an invasive alien plant in Korea, we assessed the potential of Ophraella communa LeSage as a biological control agent. This involved investigating the host specificity of the herbivore Ophraella communa LeSage, its annual travel distance, and the impact of this insect on the fitness of Ambrosia trifida L. We confirmed the host plant preference of Ophraella communa LeSage. The travel distance of this insect was determined by monitoring its appearance in selected Ambrosia trifida L. communities without these insects at distances of 10, 20, 30, and 100 meters, based on the locations where the presence of Ophraella communa LeSage was observed. The growth, reproductive, and physiological responses of Ambrosia trifida L. were measured according to feeding by Ophraella communa LeSage. As a result, Ophraella communa LeSage fed on only three taxa and moved short distances within a radius of 30 m per year from the host. The feeding behavior of the herbivore had a negative impact on the growth, reproductive, and physiological responses of Ambrosia trifida L. And the plant's growth and reproduction improved with increasing distance from the herbivore. Furthermore, the introduction of herbivores was able to control over 90% of Ambrosia trifida L. when the coverage of the Ambrosia trifida L. group was below 50%. However, the effectiveness of the removal decreased when the coverage exceeded 90%. These results are likely to be utilized by Ophraella communa LeSage as an ecological control agent. It is advantageous to introduce them in spring (May) when the coverage is low to maximize the effectiveness of control.

생태계교란 식물인 양미역취는 전국에 분포하고 있으나, 그중 동진강, 만경강 일대는 넓은 면적에 고밀도로 분포하고 있어 관리가 시급하다. 이에 따라 관할 환경청에서는 2022년에 총 2회의 물리적인 제거를 수행하였다. 1차에서는 지 역주민 등이 함께 약 900㎡ 면적의 양미역취를 뿌리째 뽑아 제거하였고, 2차에서는 굴착기, 농기계 등의 중장비를 활 용하여 약 17,600㎡ 면적의 양미역취의 지상부 제거와 토양 갈아엎기를 수행하였다. 그리고 양미역취를 제거하지 않 은 지점(대조구)과 제거한 지점(처리구)에서 식생조사, 생육(줄기직경, 지상부 길이, 지상부 수) 및 생리반응(엽록소형 광, 엽록소함량)을 측정하여 양미역취의 제거 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 양미역취의 중요치는 처리구에서 대조구보 다 낮았고, 군락내 종다양성은 증가하였다. 단위 면적당 지상부의 수는 처리구에서 대조구보다 적었다. 결과적으로, 고밀도 군락에서 중장비를 활용한 양미역취 지상부 제거와 토양 갈아엎기의 노력이 양미역취의 개체군을 생장을 저 해함을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 엽록소 형광(Fv/Fm) 값은 처리구에서 더 양호하였다. 이는 밀도의존적인 식물의 특성 이 반영된 것이고, 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 지속적인 제거가 수행되어야 함을 시사한다. 지속적인 제거와 함께 지 속적인 모니터링이 병행되어야 하며, 연차별 맞춤형 관리방안 마련이 필요하다.

Solidago altissima, an invasive alien species, is distributed nationwide in Korea. However, the areas surrounding the Dongjin River and Mankyung River are characterized by a large area with high-density distribution, making management urgent. Therefore, the regional environmental office conducted two physical removal operations in 2022. The first operation involved local residents who removed S. altissima by hand, pulling the plants out by the roots from an area of approximately 900㎡. The second operation used heavy machinery, including excavators and agricultural equipment, to remove the above-ground parts and till the soil over an area of about 17,600㎡. A vegetation survey was conducted, and growth characteristics (stem diameter, shoot length, and number of shoots) and physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll content) were measured at both the control plots, where S. altissima was not removed, and the treatment plots, where it was removed, to evaluate the effectiveness of the removal. As a result, the importance value of S. altissima was lower in the treatment plots than in the control plots, while species diversity within the treatment plots increased. The number of shoots per unit area was lower in the treatment plots compared to the control plots. These findings indicate that removing the above-ground parts of S. altissima and tilling the soil using heavy machinery in high-density community effectively inhibited the growth of the S. altissima population. Meanwhile, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values were higher in the treatment plots, reflecting the density-dependent characteristics of the plant. This suggests that continuous removal efforts are necessary for effective management.Continuous removal efforts must be accompanied by rigorous and ongoing monitoring, and annual development of tailored management plans is essential.

경기도 화성시 일대에서 미기록 침입외래식물인 서양전동싸리(Melilotus dentatus)를 발견하여 보고하고자 한다. 본 종은 아시아, 유럽 원산이며, 주로 경작지와 공원, 정원 등의 인공적인 환경에서 발견된다. 국내에서 발견된 서양전동싸리는 경작지 내 작물의 종자와 함께 국내로 유입된 것으로 추정되며, 농수로를 따라 인근 주변에서 약 15개체의 생육이 확인되었다. 국내 전동싸리속은 모두 외래식물로 현재 4종(M. suaveolens, M. albus, M. indicus, M. officianalis)이 보고되었으며 탁엽 기부가 엽병에 합착되고, 3출 우상복엽이며, 긴 총상화서, 난형 또는 난상타원형 열매를 가지는 공통된 형태적 특징으로 서양전동싸리와 혼동되기 쉽다. 그러나 본 종은 탁엽이 피침형이고, 소엽이 장타원형이며, 거치가 뚜렷하고, 배주가 2개이며, 종자의 색이 녹갈색인 특징으로 국내 근연 종들과 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 서양전동싸리의 실체와 생육환경을 확인하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 형태학적 기재 및 화상자료를 비롯하여 주변식생 목록과종 식별을 위한 검색표를 제시하고자 한다.

제주도 서귀포시와 경북 안동시에서 사마풀속(Murdannia Royle)에 속하는 미기록 외래식물인 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan를 발견하여 보고하고자 한다. Murdannia nudiflora는 열대 아시아 원산으로 아프리카, 아메리카 대륙뿐만 아니라 우리나라와 가까운 일본에도 도입되어 있다. 종소명인 'nudiflora'는 본종의 조락하는 소포엽의 특징을 지칭하는 것으로 추정되며, M. nudiflora는 소포엽 외에 국내 자생하고 있는 사마귀풀[M. keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.]과 뿌리, 꽃, 열매 및 종자의 외부형태로 쉽게 구분할 수 있다. M. nudiflora는 사마귀풀과 달리 뿌리줄기가 없고, 말단 혹은 액생하는 화서에 여러 개의 꽃이 피며, 꽃은 수술 2개, 헛수술 2-4개를 가지고, 열매는 자실 당 2개의 종자를 가지며, 종자는 작은 구멍이 있는 망상형 표면을 가진다. M. nudiflora는 닭의장풀과(Commelinaceae)에 속하는 분류군 중에서도 병해충을 유발하여 작물의 생산성을 감소시키는 잡초로 악명이 높으며, 주로 목화, 벼, 참깨 등과 같이 주요 작물이 재배되는 경작지에서 발견되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 종의 발견지들은 모두 해당 작물을 재배했던 것으로 추정되는 경작지로 M. nudiflora는 수입된 재배종 종자와 섞여 비의도적으로 도입된 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 M. nudiflora의 화상자료 및 형태적 기재와 함께 국내 근연 분류군과 구별할 수 있는 검색표를 제시하고자 한다.

Invasive alien species management is pivotal for biodiversity conservation. Commelina caroliniana Walter, from the family Commelinaceae, is an alien plant native to the Himalayas and India, but it has been widely introduced around the world, including in the United States, Brazil, Philippines, and Japan. In Korea, the first population was found growing adjacent to agricultural land and farm roads on Jejudo Island, and field observations confirmed the presence of at least nine populations there. It is similar morphologically to C. diffusa Burm. f. but can be distinguished by involucral bracts that are ciliate at the base, hairs on the peduncle and obsolete upper cincinnus, brown spots on its 4-lobed antherode, and seed surfaces that are smooth to slightly alveolate. It was determined to have an invasiveness low score of 8 according to the Korean 'Invasive Alien Plant Risk Assessment', suggesting that it may spread to natural habitats. Although the current distribution of C. caroliniana is restricted to Jeju-si, it has spread dramatically in many other areas of the world. At present, it has had a limited impact on the local environment, but local and regulatory authorities should pay close attention to this plant and take measures to prevent its expansion in the future.

Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P. W. Ball & Heywood (Caryophyllaceae), native to western Europe and western North Africa and an introduced or alien plant in South America, Australia, and Japan, was newly found in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Petrorhagia is clearly distinguished from other genera by a bract at the base of calyx, which differs from Gypsophila L., and commissures at the sepals, which is different from Dianthus L. Petrorhagia nanteuilii grows on slopes and roadsides, suggesting that it is likely to have been introduced through the installation of green sites and road construction. A precise description, illustration, photographs, and a key to related genera and species is provided.

We found Rosa laevigata Michx., a newly alien plant in Songjinpo-ri, Jangmok-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongsang nam-do. Rosa laevigata is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It is reported as a naturalized species in Japan, South Africa, United States, and the Pacific Islands. Rosa laevigata is distinguished from R. multiflora by the large size of its flower. Its Korean name is 'Wang-jjil-re-na-mu' based on the large flower. Here, we provide precise description, taxonomic key to Korean Rosa species, illustrations and photographs of its habit.

Naturalization centers are hotspots where accidently introduced seeds first germinate and grow. Railways play important roles as corridors for movement, having positive effects on species dispersal and persistence, though they can also be invasion routes for undesirable plants. Geranium purpureum Vill., a new alien species in Korea, was found at the Bumil Railway Station, Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Most native Geranium species in Korea belong to the subgenus Geranium and section Geranium, but G. purpureum belongs to the subgenus Robertium and section Ruberta, with the "carpel-projection" method of seed dispersal. In other countries, G. purpureum is often compared with G. robertianum L., which is an ornamental plant in Korea. We assume that G. purpureum is a casual alien plant and that it is not likely to spread to other provinces, as it scarcely survives when the mean temperature in January is below $4^{\circ}C$. Moreover, it has not been found further north than Busan. We provide a key of allied taxa, information about the habitat, a description of the morphological characters, illustrations, and photographs.

In the past two decades Mikania micrantha Kunth, a climbing plant species originating from tropical America, has spread across Taiwan. It can now be found frequently in the lowlands and lower mountain areas up to 1,000 m a.s.l. in the centre and south of the island. Mikania micrantha is considered a problematic invasive alien plant species which is said to cause economical as well as environmental damage. This study investigated the ecological site characteristics of M. micrantha in Taiwan. 112 vegetation surveys were carried out in habitats where the alien plant was present. A comparison between sites with a high and a low abundance was carried out in order to assess which factors especially influence the extensive spread of the plant. Furthermore, the influence of disturbances was examined. Results showed that Mikania micrantha grows very dense in habitats which are characterized by good light conditions combined with vertical structures, such as trees. Results revealed that this invader occurs most frequently in agricultural fallows and wastelands, but it could hardly be found in the intensively managed plantations in the investigation area. Results provide great evidence that the plant is strongly influenced by disturbances, but only if impacts occur rarely.

White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson) as an invasive alien plant appeared more abundantly at lower elevations where frequent artificial interferences prevailed than at higher elevations where such impacts were less. They appeared abundantly in introduced forests such as black locust plantation but they did not appear or were rare in natural forests such as oak forest. But an exceptional phenomenon where white snakeroot did not appear was found in a Korean pine stand with dense cover afforested recently. Appearance status of white snakeroot in each section of trampling path depended on breadth of the path and relative light intensity. Growth of white snakeroot measured as the number of ramet per genet, height, and biomass was better near the trampling path and was reduced toward the forest interior. The growth was proportionate to the relative light intensity measured according to distance from the trampling path. Such results support the fact generally known in relation invasion and expansion of the invasive alien plants. From this viewpoint, we suggest a management plan that applies ecological restoration principles to address ecosystems infected with white snakeroot by restoring the integral feature of the degraded nature and more thoroughly conserving the remaining nature.

의도적 도입 또는 비의도적 도입에 의해 국내에 확산되고 있는 침입외래식물은 경제적, 환경적인 해를 가할 수 있으며 자생종의 감소나 절멸을 초래하는 등 생물다양성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 습지나 저수지 및 하안 생육지는 스트레스와 교란에 의해 외래식물 유입과 확산이 용이하므로 국립수목원에서는 이를 관리하기 위한 연구를 지속적으로 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수원시 하천변에서 발견된 바늘꽃과에 속하는 L. peploides subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) P.H. Raven가 생태계교란종으로 확산될 우려가 있어 본 종에 대한 기재, 도해, 칼라도판 등을 첨부하여 침입외래식물 관리를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 한다.

Alien invasive species are introduced with or without intent and spreading all over Korea. They are known to have negative effects on biodiversity such as economic and environmental damage and causing decrease or loss of native species. The habitats like wetland, reservoir and riverside are especially in danger of being invaded by alien species due to stress and disturbance. Therefore, Korea National Arboretum is steadily working on research and studies on managing alien invasive species. This research aims to collect basic information of Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) P.H. Raven which was found near riverside in Suwon-si and is concerned to become an invasive alien species. We expect the description, diagram and pictures of this taxon will be helpful for early detection and effective management.

남해 금산을 방위, 지형, 해발고, 접근성 등을 고려하여 7구간으로 나누어 식물상을 조사한 결과 관속식물은 117과 373속 602종 5아종 72변종14품종 693분류이 출현하였다. 이 중에서 양치식물은 11과 24속 45종 1변종의 46분류군, 나자식물은 4과 6속 12종 3변종 15분류군, 피자식물은102과 343속 545종 5아종 68변종 14품종으로 632분류군이 출현하였다. 산림청에서 지정한 희귀식물은 18과 18속 20종 1변종 21분류군이 출현하였다. CR등급은 물부추, 자주땅귀개, 칠보치마, 석곡 등의 6분류군, EN등급은 대흥란, VU등급은 끈끈이주걱, 애기등, 땅귀개 등의 4분류군, LC등급은고란초, 개족도리풀, 히어리 등의 8분류군, DD등급은 단풍박쥐나무와 토현삼 등이 출현하였다. 한국특산식물은 14과 17속 17종 1변종 18분류군이출현하였다. 식물구계학적 특정식물 58과 91속 102종 1아종 4변종 107분류군으로, Ⅴ등급은 물부추, 애기등, 칠보치마 등의 11분류군, Ⅳ등급은끈끈이주걱, 히어리, 긴오이풀 등의 11분류군, Ⅲ등급은 바위손, 큰지네고사리, 토현삼 등의 23분류군, Ⅱ등급은 속새, 고란초, 다정큼나무 등의13분류군, Ⅰ등급은 실고사리, 발풀고사리, 나래회나무 등의 49분류군으로 출현하였다. 외래식물은 28과 55속 64종 1아종 65분류이 출현하였고,도시화 지수는 11.2%, 귀화율은 6.1%로 나타났다. 이는 우리나라 평균 귀화율 10.3%보다 낮게 출현하였다.

As a result of investigating the plant distribution of Mt. Geumsan, Namhae, considering the direction, topography, altitude, accessibility,etc., a total of 693 taxa of vascular plants, including 117 families, 373 genera, and 602 species, 5 subspecies, 72 varieties, and 14forma appeared in 7 sections. Among them, a total of 46 taxa of pteridophyta, including 11 families, 24 genera, 45 species, 1 variety,a total of 15 taxa of gymnosperms, including 4 families, 6 genera, 12 species, 3 varieties, and a total of 632 taxa of angiosperms,including 102 families, 343 genera, 545 species, 5 subspecies, 68 varieties, 14 forma appeared. As for rare plants designated by theKorea Forest Service, 21 taxa, including 18 families, 18 genera, 20 species, 1 varieties were appeared. By type, for rare plants, theCR grade was 6 taxa with Isoetes japonica, Magnolia kobus, Prunus × yedoensis, Utricularia uliginosa, Metanarthecium luteoviride,Dendrobium moniliforme etc., the EN grade is Cymbidium macrorhizon and the VU grade is Taxus cuspidata, Drosera rotundifolia,Wisteriopsis japonica, Utricularia bifida etc. in 4 taxa, LC the grades are Selliguea hastata, Abies koreana, Asarum maculatum, Corylopsiscoreana, Viola albida, Chionanthus retusu, Utricularia caerulea, Arisaema heterophyllum etc. 8 taxa, Alangium platanifolium andScrophularia koraiensis appeared in DD grade, so 18 families, 18 genera, 20 species, 1 variety, 21 taxa appeared. Three taxa, Cymbidiummacrorhizon, Metanarthecium luteoviride and Utricularia uliginosa, which were designated as Class II organisms, appeared. Koreanendemic plant incorporated 18 taxa, including 14 families, 17 genera, 17 species, 1 variety. Floristic regional indicator plant incorporated 107 taxa, Grade Ⅴ was 11 taxa such as Isoetes japonica, Millettia japonica, Metanarthecium luteoviride etc., Grade Ⅳ was 11 taxasuch as Drosera rotundifolia, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana, Sanguisorba longifolia etc., Grade Ⅲ was 23 taxa such as Selaginellainvolvens, Dryopteris fuscipes, Scrophularia koraiensis etc., Grade Ⅱ was 13 taxa such as Equisetum hyemale, Crypsinus hastatus,Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata etc., Grade Ⅰ was 49 taxa such as Lygodium japonicum, Dicranopteris pedata, Euonymus macropterusetc., including 58 families, 91 genera, 102 species, 1 subspecies, 4 variety appeared. Exotic plants incorporated 65 taxa, including 28families, 55 genera, 64 species, 1 subspecies, and the urbanization index was 11.2%, and the naturalization rate was 6.1%. This waslower than Korea's average naturalization rate of 10.3%.

한반도 미기록 외래식물인 서양쐐기풀(쐐기풀과)를 한강 수계에서 발견하였다. 서양쐐기풀은 유럽, 온대 아시아, 서북아프리카 원산으로 알려져 있으며, 세계의 여러 지역에 도입되어 있는데 특히, 동아시아(일본), 오세아니아, 남아메리카에서 외래종으로 보고되었다. 본 분류군은 단성화이며, 자웅이주를 가지는 특징에 의해 근연분류군과 구분된다. Neighbor-Joining 계통수에서 국내 난지한강공원과 양재천에서 채집된 서양쐐기풀은 U. dioica s.s.군으로 유집되었다. 주요 형질에 대한 기재문과 화상자료 및 검색표를 제시하였다.

We found Urtica dioica L., an unrecorded alien plant, in the Han River basin of Korea. U. dioica is considered to be native to Europe, much of temperate Asia and western North Africa. This plant has been introduced to many other parts of the world. In Particularly, it reported as an invasive species from East Asia (Japan), Oceania and South America. This species is distinguished from related Korean taxa of the genus by its unisexual flower and dioecious plant species. In the Neighbor-Joining tree, U. dioica samples from the Han River Park (Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul) and Yangjaecheon Stream (Daechi-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul) clustered into a clade consisting of a U. dioica s.s. Here, we provide a precise description, illustrations, a key to the related taxa, and photographs of its habitat.

질경이과의 미기록속 Kickxia에 속하는 K. elatine (L.) Dumort.을 경기도 양주시와 경상북도 영천시에서 확인되었다. 근연속과 비교하여 뿌리를 내리지 않고 땅 위를 뻗는 줄기가 있고 잎은 극형 또는 화살촉 모양의 형태적인 특징으로 구분된다. 국명은 해란초아재비로 하였으며, 이들에 대한 기재, 사진, 도해도 및 검색표를 제시하였다.

An alien plant of unrecoreded Kickxia (Plantaginaceae) was found in Korea. K. eltine (L.) Dumort. was distirbuted in Yangju-si, Gyoenggi-do and Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. This species can be distinguished from the other related genera by having stems that trail along the groud without putting down roots, and the leaves are sagittate, or shaped like arrowheads with longer, narrower, pointed lobes opposite the shorter tip. The new Korean names is given, as 'Hae-ran-cho-a-jae-bi' to Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. Here, we provide precise description, illustrations, photographs and taxonomic key to related genera and species.