Earticle

The 3rd generation optical pick-up used popularly in resent years is composed of many optical and electronic components such as laser diode, photo diode, beam splitter, objective lens, grating lens, concave lens, collimator lens etc. Therefore, the design of its optical system and its main base which the said optical and electronic components are set on, is complicated and needs high precision. Its assembly and adjustment in the production line is also difficult. This complication and the demand of high precision get its production cost to be high and its reliability to be low. In this paper, the 4th generation optical pick-up is designed and developed, with the hologram device which laser diode. photo diode, beam splitter. and grating lens are integrated in. This optical pick-up reduces the number of points of adjustment by 3, compared with the 3rd generation optical pick-up of which the number of points of adjustment is 6. This optical pickup also decreases by 4 the number of points of W bonding to have bad influence on environmental reliability, decreases by about 10 the number of parts, and establishes about 20% cost-down of material cost, compared with the 3rd generation optical pick-up.

본 연구는 4세대 아이돌 그룹의 흥행요인을 분석하여, 선행 연구와의 공통점 및 차이점을 도출하고자 진행하였다. 분석의 대상으로는 최근 대한민국의 K-POP 음악시장에서 신드롬을 일으키고 있는 뉴진스(NewJeans)의 2집 싱글 ‘OMG’와 ‘Ditto’를 선정하여 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 선행연구 3편을 선정하였으며, 선정 기준은 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 선행연구는 ‘노래가사의 특징’, ‘안무 및 음악적 특징’, ‘대중음악에 끼친 영향력’을 중심으로 1세대부터 3세대 걸그룹의 특징을 분석 한 장유나 (2020)를 채택하였으며, 두 번째로는 K-POP의 글로벌 성공요인을 분석하고자 장민호, 이승연 (2019)의 선행연구에서 도출한 분석 결과를 8개의 특징 적 요인으로 정리하여 뉴진스흥행요인 분석을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 글로벌 음악 시장에서 큰 성공을 거둔 BTS의 성공요인 중 성장 프레임을 분석에 활용한 이 은미, 박영렬, 최희정 (2021)의 선행연구결과를 중심으로 방탄소년단(BTS)과 뉴진스의 성공요인을 비교ž분석하였다. 위의 선행연구에서 도출 된 성공요인을 ‘가사적 측면’, ‘음악적 측면’, ‘지속적인 성장세’의 3가지 측면으로 대분류하여 뉴진스의 흥행요인을 도출하였으며, 내용 은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 글로벌적 성공을 위해 가사에 영어의 비중을 적극 활용하고 있었다. 둘째, 최신 글로벌 트랜드의 음악 스타일의 모방이 아닌 국내 프로듀서 의 영입을 통해 새로운 음악스타일을 제시하였고, 국내외에서의 시장성을 확인 하였다. 셋째, 4세대 아이돌 그룹 중 최단기간 ‘빌보드 Hot 100’진입과 국내 음원 차 트 1위 달성 기록을 통해 지속적으로 성장 할 가능성을 지닌 그룹이라는 결과를 도출하였다. 그러나 방탄소년단의 성공요인과 비교 분석 해 봤을 때, 스토리텔링이 담긴 가사의 제작과 멤버의 창작활동 참여, 다양한 음악적 시도, 콘셉트의 변화를 통한 팬층의 확대가 수반되어야 성장의 지속세를 이어 갈 수 있을 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 K-POP산업의 발전을 위해 새로운 세대의 아이돌 그룹의 방향성에 대한 지속적인 분석과 제언이 필요하다.

This study was conducted to analyze the box office factors of the 4th generation idol groups and derive commonalities and differences from previous studies. The object for analysis, ‘OMG’ and ‘Ditto’ were selected and analyzed, the 2nd singles of NewJeans which are recently causing a syndrome in the K-pop music market in Korea. For analysis, 3 previous studies were selected and the selection criteria are as follows. The first previous study, focusing on the 'Characteristics of song lyrics’, 'Choreography and musical characteristics', ‘the influence on popular music', I selected ‘Jang Yuna (2020), who analyzed the characteristics of 1st to 3rd generation girl groups’, and for the second, in order to analyze the global success factors of K-POP, I arranged the analysis results derived from the previous studies by Jang and Lee (2019) into 8 characteristic factors and analyzed the box office factors of NewJeans. Lastly, based on the previous study results of ‘Lee, Park and Choi (2021), who used the growth frame for analyzing among the success factors of BTS, which achieved great success in the global music market’, I did a comparative analysis of the success factors of BTS and NewJeans. I classified the success factors derived from the previous studies above, largely into 3 aspects: 'lyrical aspect', musical aspect, and 'continuous growth', and derived the box office factors of NewJeans, the contents are as follows. First, for global success, they were fully using and putting more weight on English in lyrics. Second, a new music style was presented through recruiting a domestic producer, not an imitation of the latest global trend music style, and marketability at home and abroad was confirmed. Third, among the 4th generation idol groups, through the records of entering the ‘Billboard hot 100’ and reaching the domestic music chart No.1 in the shortest period of time, derived a result as the group with the most potential for continuous growth. However, when analyzing the success factors of BTS comparatively, it seems necessary to product lyrics containing storytelling, members participating in creative activities, various musical attempts, and expand concepts through changes in the concept to sustain growth. Also, to be able to continue In addition, continuous analysis and suggestions on the direction for a new generation of idol groups are needed for the development of the K-POP industry.

기업은 지속가능한 경쟁력을 유지하기 위하여 끊임없이 기술개발에 인력과 비용을 투자하고 있고 기술 또한 복잡·다변화 되어가고 있다. 이로 인해 기업은 기술을 성공적으로 확보하기 위한 기술관리 시스템의 중요성을 크게 인식하고 있다. 그러나 많은 국내기업들은 R&D 시스템에 있어 시장 중심적이지 못한 R&D 경영방식, 효율성이 낮은 투자, 그리고 단편적인 기술 확보 방안 등의 문제점을 안고 있는 실정이다. 제4세대 R&D 시스템은 이를 해결하기 위해 혁신적 관점에서 접근한 방식 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 제4세대 R&D 시스템이 기술 개발속도가 빠르고 혁신성이 높은 산업분야에 어떻게 적용할 수 있는지에 관하여 KCC의 전자소재산업 분야를 사례 연구방식으로 검증하였다. 그 결과, KCC의 전자소재분야 사업다각화 추진을 위한 유망 기술후보군과 기술니즈를 도출하였고, 각 분야의 기술획득 방안을 제언하였다. 전자소재산업이 R&D 시스템과 깊은 연관성을 갖는 이유는 혁신적 R&D 시스템이 전자소재 분야에 진출한 기업의 지속적 경쟁력을 결정하는 변수 중 하나이기 때문이다. 본 연구결과는 전자소재산업 분야에 진출했거나 진출하고자 하는 기업이 기술경영전략을 도출하고, 이를 토대로 혁신적 R&D 시스템을 구축․운영하는데 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

An enterprise constantly invests in the cost in the technology development and manpower in order to maintain the competitive power. Nevertheless, the technology becomes complicated and diversified, the significance of the technology management system for successfully securing the technology is more and more enlarged. But many domestic companies have many problems such as failing to be centered on market, investment with low efficiency, and the fragmentary technology acquisition method for the R&D system. In order to solve this problems, one of methods that it approaches from the innovative point of view is the fourth generation R&D system. This study how the fourth generation R&D system can be applied in the industry field in which the speed of technology development is fast and a innovation is high and this study tries to verify with the case method of study. The electronic element industry field of a KCC Co., Ltd. was selected as an example. A reason the electronic-material industry has deep association even with R&D system is important primary factor which decide on competitiveness of the enterprise. The study result the enterprise which entered and will enter to the electronic-material industry draw management of technology and I hope this could be the basic for structuring and managing innovative R&D system.

본 연구는 최근 K-POP 산업 현장과 대중 담론에서 활발히 논의되고 있으나 학문적·이론적 기준이 미비하여 발생하고 있는 4세대와 5세대 아이돌 간의 세대 구분 혼선을 해소하고자 수행되었다. 기존 세대론이 지닌 단순 연대기적 분류의 한계를 극복하기 위해, 본 연구는 ‘사회문화적 맥락’, ‘콘셉트 및 서사 전략’, ‘마케팅 및 글로벌 전략’이라는 3가지 다층적 분석 틀을 정립하고, 설문조사와 기업 2차 자료 분석을 결합한 혼합연구방법론을 채택하였다. K-POP 온라인 고관여 이용자 집단을 대상으로 실증 조사를 실시한 결과, 대중 역시 산업계의 인위적인 세대 마케팅과 실질적인 구조적 세대 전환 사이에서 담론의 혼재와 경계의 모호성을 강하게 경험하고 있음이 통계적으로 확인되었다. 그러나 정성적 사례 비교와 주요 기획사의 재무 데이터를 바탕으로 한 2차 자료 분석을 실시한 결과, 4세대의 비대면 첨단 기술 기반 판타지 서사 및 초동 극대화 중심의 단일 비즈니스 모델은, 엔데믹 국면을 맞이한 5세대의 오프라인 하이브리드 소통, 현실성 기반의 성장 서사, 글로벌 현지화 아이돌 론칭 및 MD·라이선싱 다각화 구조와 질적으로 명확히 단절됨을 증명하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 K-POP의 세대 개념을 단순한 시기의 구분이 아닌 구조적·전략적 프레임워크로 확장함으로써 학문적 정의를 체계화하고, 향후 엔터테인먼트 산업의 리스크 관리와 차별화된 브랜딩 전략 수립을 위한 실천적 지표를 제공한다는 점에서 중요한 학술적 의의를 지닌다.

This study was conducted to resolve the confusion surrounding the generational classification between 4th and 5th generation K-POP idols, an issue actively discussed in the recent K-POP industry and public discourse but lacking robust academic and theoretical standards. To overcome the limitations of the simple chronological classification inherent in existing generation theories, this study established a multi-layered analytical framework consisting of three dimensions: ‘socio-cultural context’, ‘concept and narrative strategy’ and ‘marketing and global strategy’. Concurrently, it adopted a mixed-methods research approach combining a survey and secondary data analysis of entertainment agencies. The empirical investigation targeting highly involved online K-POP consumers statistically confirmed that the public also strongly experiences a conflation of discourses and ambiguity of boundaries between the industry’s artificial generational marketing and actual structural shifts. However, qualitative case comparisons and secondary data analysis based on financial data from major agencies demonstrated that the 4th generation’s single business model (centered on non-face-to-face, advanced technology-based fantasy narratives, and maximizing first-week album sales) presents a clear qualitative rupture from the 5th generation’s paradigm in the endemic era, which features offline hybrid communication, realism-based growth narratives, localized idol launches, and the diversification of MD and licensing structures. Consequently, this study holds significant academic implications by expanding the concept of generations in K-POP from a mere chronological division into a structural and strategic framework, thereby systematizing its academic definition and providing practical indicators for future risk management and differentiated branding strategies in the entertainment industry.

이 연구의 목적은 어린이집의 정보통신 설비 구축 사례를 살펴보고, 4차산업 혁명시대를 이끌 수 있는 어린 인재 를 육성할 수 있는 교육환경을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 COBID19 이후 어린이들이 개별 맞춤형으로 교육을 받기 적합한 정보통신 환경을 만들고 가능하면 체험형 교육이 가능한 환경을 구축함과 동시에 맞춤학습의 평균화가 가능하도록 할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 이전에 어린이집의 정보통신설비에 대한 연구가 없었기에 시작에 의의를 두고자 하고, 향후 창의적이고 맥락적인 어린이를 육성하는데 스마트스피커와 모바일기기를 통해 교사들의 이동동선을 줄이고 AI데이터를 통해 맞춤형 교육환경을 만드는 방향으로 어린이집 설계가 바뀌어야 한다고 본다. 이를 위해 정보통신 감리의 CM역할이 필요하고 어린이집 관련 연구를 발전시켜 COBID19이후 어린이집 설계 표준이 되길 희망한다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the case of constructing information and communication facilities in daycare centers and to propose an educational environment that can foster young talents who can lead the era of the fourth industrial revolution. In particular, after COBID19, a method was proposed to create an information and communication environment suitable for children to receive personalized education, and to create an environment for experiential education if possible, and at the same time to enable averaging of customized learning. Since there has been no research on information and communication facilities in daycare centers, we intend to place significance on starting, and in the future, to foster creative and contextual children, we will reduce the movement of teachers through smart speakers and mobile devices, and tailor the educational environment through AI data. I think that the design of the daycare center should be changed in the direction of making the product. To this end, the CM role of information and communication supervision is needed, and it is hoped that it will become a design standard for daycare centers after COBID19 by developing research on daycare centers.

According to the further increase of demand on high data rates in wireless communications systems, the 4th generation (4G) of mobile telecommunication networks have been introduced by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project). These systems have adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) for downlink physical layer and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) for uplink physical layer. In this paper, SC-FDMA is simulated and analyzed for all the parameters and for various modulation index of phase shift keying. This research also focused on the calculation of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for SC- FDMA. Finally, a performance evaluation for SC-FDMA implemented with different conditions are perform to show the effect of the data symbol duration and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) size on the uplink physical layer of the 4G.

6 Sigma uses DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology as process of solving problem. Enterprise already propelling successfully 6 sigma such as Motorolla, GE and consulting companies leading 6 sigma also propose DMAIC methodology traditionally. But from making 6 sigma activated, enterprises and 6 sigma consulting companies propose 6 sigma methodology matching office indirection part and research and development part. As the forward example, DFSS(Design For Six Sigma) is R&D part application in GE. This study investigates 6 sigma methodology corresponding to Right Process of the kernel factor. Especially for optimum design of the R&D part, revise DFSS definition and general concept organization through Lean DFSS methodology research and analysis.

현대 사회에서 K-POP 아이돌이 글로벌 문화 현상을 주도하면서 이들을 따르는 팬덤의 사회·경제적 가치가 주목받고 있다. 팬덤은 아이돌과 관련된 상품을 소비하는 경향성이 높은데 이는 팬덤의 심리적 특성과 관련이 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 아이돌 팬덤의 심리적 특성(행복감, 동일시 욕구, 우상화, 모방 욕구)과 구매 태도, 구매 의도와의 영향 관계를 분석하는 데 주요 목적을 두고 있다. 4세대 아이돌 팬덤 중 잘파 세대((10대 후반∼20대 중반)를 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며 총 220부의 데이터를 활용하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 4개의 심리적 특성 중 행복감을 제외한 3가지 심리적 특성이 구매 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리적 특성 중 행복감을 제외한 3가지 심리적 특성이 구매 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구매 태도는 구매 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 4세대 아이돌 팬덤(잘파세대)의 심리적 특성에 집중한 최초의 연구인 점, 4세대 아이돌과 팬덤의 상생 전략 모색 및 아이돌의 긍정적인 영향력 확장을 고민한 점에서 의미가 있다.

As K-POP idols lead the global cultural phenomenon in the modern society, the socio-economic value of the fandom following them is attracting attention. Fandom tends to consume products related to idols, which is related to the psychological characteristics of the fandom. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the psychological characteristics of idol fandom (happiness, desire to identify, idolization, desire to imitate), purchase attitude, and purchase intention. Among the 4th generation idol fandom, a survey was conducted on the Zalpa generation, and a total of 220 copies of data were used. The research results are summarized as follows. First, among the four psychological characteristics, three psychological characteristics excluding happiness were found to have a positive effect on purchase attitude. Second, among the psychological characteristics, three psychological characteristics excluding happiness were found to have a positive effect on purchase intention. Third, purchase attitude had a positive effect on purchase intention. This study is meaningful in that it is the first study to focus on the psychological characteristics of the 4th generation idol fandom(Zalpha Generation), and further considers finding a win-win strategy for 4th generation idols and fandom and expanding the positive influence of idols.

An X-ray Free Electron laser facility (PAL-XFEL) has been built in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory to provide X-ray FEL radiations for photon users. The machine consists of a 10 GeV normalconducting S-band linear accelerator and two undulator beamlines. The hard and soft X-ray beamlines will provide FEL radiations with wavelengths of 0.6 to 0.1 nm and 4.5 to 1 nm, respectively. Beam commissioning of PAL-XFEL is ongoing and user service will start in 2017. In this report, the PAL-XFEL layout and the working principle are discussed.

본 연구에서는 기업의 세계화 및 현지화 전략의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 해외주재원의 역할 변화 및 확대에 초점을 맞추어 한국기업의 해외 인적자원 경영의 효과와 성공적인 현지경영의 핵심 이 되는 해외주재원의 세대를 구분하여 그 특징을 확인하여 향후 육성방향에 대한 시사점을 제공하 고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 연구결과를 통합한 이론적인 틀을 분석의 수단으로 이용하였다. 이를 통해 한국기업의 해외주재원이 1세대부터 4세대까지 구분되었고, 이러한 주재원의 세대구분과 4세대 해외 주재원의 육성방안에 대한 연구는 면담조사에 의한 사례연구를 통해 진행되었으며 6개의 한국기업이 참여하여 기업의 본사 및 해외법인 해외주재원을 대상으로 14차례의 면담조사를 수행하였다. 조사 결과 한국기업의 해외주재원은 모두 4세대로 구분되는 것을 확인하였고 3세대까지의 해외주재원 역 할과 비교하여 4세대 해외주재원의 역할 변화에 대해서는 해외법인 현지화, 현채인 육성 및 관리, 브 랜드, 매출 및 생산의 확대를 꼽았다. 이러한 해외주재원의 변화된 역할 수행에 해외주재원들에게 새 롭게 요구되는 것은 맞춤형 현지국 이해가 필요하다. 기존 3세대까지의 해외주재원 육성은 주로 언 어, 이문화 적응에만 초점을 맞추었기 때문에 이러한 4세대 주재원의 새로운 역할 수행을 위해서는 파견국의 정치, 경제, 사회문화에 대한 이해, 현지채용인의 육성 및 관리를 위한 글로벌 리더십, 세계 화 전략이 4세대 해외주재원의 육성을 위한 중요한 요인으로 도출되었다.

This study presents future development strategies for differences Korean expatriates’ generation working abroad in conjunction with human resource and host nation management effectiveness of Korean firms, focusing on the changing and expanding role of expatriates in today’s more global firms. Founded on the theoretical bases of the current literature, this study delineates 4 generations of expatriate strategies and researched human development actions for the 4th generation of expatriates through 14 focus group sessions at the headquarters of 6 major Korean firms with overseas branches. Results of the research suggest that 4th generation expatriates differ greatly from 3rd generation expatriates in their roles with regard to localizing the overseas branch, training host country nationals, managing the brand and expanding sales and production. Results also suggest that 4th generation expatriates face the new competency is understanding of dispatched country nationals. This is suggested that this challenges have arisen among 4th generation expatriates because training and development for Korean expatriates up to the 3rd generation were focused solely on language and basic cultural adjustment, and, thus, in order to overcome the barriers to effective performance at the overseas branch, training for 4th generation expatriates should include education on political economy, socio-cultural understanding, training and management of host country nationals, global leadership and global strategic management

4세대 R&D는 사업부서나 제품을 사용하는 고객 뿐만 아니라 공급자 등 외부의 파트너들과의 긴밀한 협력아래 이들의 명시적, 잠재적 욕구를 파악하여 반영하는 형태이다. 획기적 수준의 개방성 강화와 ‘시장-사회-기술-환경’을 통합하는 통합적 접근을 통한 불연속적 혁신의 지속화의 필요성을 중요하게 여긴다. 하지만 제4세대 R&D 패러다임으로 전개되는데 있어 과학기술 연구개발 관련 법적 환경은 장애가 되고 있다. 정부 R&D의 중요성은 보다 가중되는 상황에서 취약한 제도적 경쟁력을 보완하기 위한 4세대 R&D 패러다임 전환을 검토하고, 현재의 제도모형을 개선하기 위한 원형모형을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 부처간 유사성과 이질성을 분석하기 위해 동형화와 다형화 이론을 검토하였다. 또한 제도변화에 대한 과학기술의 발전 관점의 진화이론을 조합하여 살펴보았다. 법제 분석은 미래창조과학부, 산업통상자원부, 환경부 3개 부처의 연구개발사업 운영과 관련된 행정규칙을 대상으로 하였다. 공동운영규정의 주요 연혁을 제도환경으로 분석하고, 부처별 R&D 법제화의 동형화와 다형화 현상을 분석하였다. 분석결과 유사한 조문(항목)으로 구성되는 동형화 현상이 제도환경이 상위규정에 기초하여 설계되어 있었으나, 세부적 규정 운영에 있어서는 다형화가 이루어진 것으로 분석되었다.

4th generation R & D identifies and reflects their explicit and potential needs in close collaboration with external partners, not just business units or customers who use products. The importance of continuing discontinuous innovation through an integrated approach integrating breakthrough level of openness and ‘market-society-technology-environment’ is important. However, as the fourth generation R & D paradigm develops, legal environment related to R & D of science and technology is obstacles. The importance of government R & D was examined by examining the transition of the fourth generation R & D paradigm in order to supplement weak institutional competitiveness in a heavily weighted situation and examining a prototype model for improving the current institutional model. To do this, we examined isomorphism and polymorphism in order to analyze similarity and heterogeneity among ministries. In addition, we have examined the evolutionary theory of science and technology in terms of institutional change. Legislative analysis covered administrative rules related to the operation of R & D projects by the Ministry of Creation Science, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, and the Ministry of Environment. The major histories of joint operating regulations were analyzed as institutional environment, and the isomorphism and polymorphism of R & D legislation by ministry were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that the institutional environment composed of similar articles (items) was designed based on the upper regulations, but polymorphism was performed in the detailed regulation operation.

In spite of the continual tactical victory, the United States which has the world best military power based on the high technology at that time couldn’t win the strategic victory in their grasp in the Vietnam War. The United States had repeated the nightmare like the Vietnam War in Iraq since the 9/11 attacks. The United States got the victory in the major battles with the cutting-edge military power - the stealth, the UAV, the latest-model tank. However, they couldn’t help withdrawing from the Iraqi stability operations with over 3000 killed and wounded for 8 years. Like this, the 4th generation warfare theory has started to attract public attention happening the cases that the powerful nations couldn’t win the war against the weak nations. Since it has been called as “the 4th generation warfare” in 1989 by William Lind, there was a lot of researches and discussions on this subject. I tried to make up for the insufficient points in the 4th generation theory by investigating the background, definition, characteristics etc. In the 4th generation warfare, the enemy attacks the will of political decision makers directl y. Because of that, it is difficult to explain the aspect of the 4th generation warfare based on the original level of war. In many cases, the overwhelming physical power isn’t connected to the operational, strategi c victories. In addition, the inhumane, immoral acts of individual soldier affect the result of w ar easily. In order to explain and to study deeply the aspect of the 4th generation warfare, this paper an alyzes the 4th generation warfare theory based on the new level of war presented by Lind. It will b e analysed the cases of the Vietnam and the Iraq war as the 4th generation warfare. In conclusion, this study shows that the support of population as well as the use of the min imized and appropriate military power at the moral level is the key point for the successful w ar.

Women’s literature dates back to 1917 as the <하루 (一日)> time of the announcement of the first department novelist of Chen Hunger. Afterwards, the first generation of writers, such as Bing Xin, Lu Yin, Ling Shuhua, Feng Yuanjun, and Shi Pingmei, began to receive great social attention. We need to look at the important foundations for the first-generation female artists that formed the mainstream of the Chinese paragraph at that time. Pierre Bourdieu, a famous sociologist in Contemporary France, first proposed a new perspective of “literary field”. This theory breaks the wall of literature internal and external research, and provides a third way for literary research: To observe the literary field in the whole social field from the perspective of field theory, Take it as an important part of social space. This provides us with strong theoretical support for us to analyze how the literary activities of female writers can take place, develop and have important historical influence in 1920s. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore the age value of the group of female writers from the source by using the theory of “literature field” as the research theme.

본 연구는 프로이트 정신분석학의 지형학적 이론과 「꿈의 해석」에 제시된 꿈 작업 개념을 바탕으로 4세대 케이팝 걸그룹 에스파의 세계관 및 가사 콘텐츠에 나타난 자아 서사를 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 에스파의 세계관 전개의 중심이 되는 SMCU 영상 과 데뷔곡 <Black Mamba>부터 <Armageddon>까지의 주요 활동곡의 가사이며, 정성적 분석을 통해 자아·이드·초자아간의 갈등과 통합 과정을 고찰하였다. 분석 결과 ‘광야’가 중심이 되는 세계관 내 공간의 각 구성은 프로이트의 무의식 및 꿈의 구조와 유사한 방식으로 설계되어 있으며, 스토리텔링과 함께 가사의 분석을 통해 자아의 분열과 통합, 트라우마 극복 과정이 정신분석학적 틀에 따라 전개됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 케이팝 콘텐츠의 내러티브 전략을 심리학적으로 분석하고자 한 시도로서, 향후 다양한 심리학 이론을 접목한 콘텐츠 분석 연구의 가능성을 제시한다.

This study analyzes the narrative structure and self-identity discourse of the fourth-generation K-pop girl group aespa through Freudian psychoanalytic theory, focusing on the topographical model of the psyche and the mechanisms of dream-work. The research examines aespa’s symbolic world-building, including the visual content and lyrics from key tracks such as “Black Mamba,” “Savage,” and “Girls” (Season 1), as well as “Supernova” and “Armageddon” (Season 2). The findings indicate that aespa’s fictional universe constructs a layered spatial structure that mirrors Freud’s model of consciousness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness. In Season 1, the narrative illustrates internal conflict between the real self and the imaginary other (æ), with the antagonist Black Mamba representing a traumatic force that disrupts ego integration. Overcoming this trauma symbolizes the restoration of balance between the id and the superego. In Season 2, the story expands into a multiverse structure, where self-realization is achieved through encounters with alternate selves. This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach to K-pop storytelling, demonstrating how aespa’s content reflects psychological themes such as desire, fragmentation, and integration. It further suggests the applicability of psychoanalytic theory in interpreting identity construction within global popular music media.

On the contrary to the expansion of feasibility studies on public construction and development projects, there is few feasibility studies on S&T, especially large-scale basic research facilities. Based on this critical mind, we tried the first feasibility study on large-scale basic research facilities, that is, the 4th Generation Light Source. First, it is validated whether the construction of 4th Generation Light Source is economically feasible and second, if economically feasible, the optimal place and time for construction are analyzed by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. This research shows that the construction is economically feasible irregardless of scenarios on future bio-medicine industry growth and to construct at Pohang in 2006 is optimal strategy. On the basis of this analysis, the feasibility studies on large-scale basic research facilities are expected to be more expanded and developed.

This paper introduces a clean mobile robot fur 4th generation LCD cassette, which is guided by optical sensor and position compensation using vision module. The mobile robot for LCD cassette transfer might be controlled by AGV controller which has powerful algorithms. It offers optimum routes to the destination of clean mobile robot by using dynamic dispatch algorithm and MAP data. This clean mobile robot is equipped with 4 axes fork type manipulator providing repeatability accuracy of $\pm$ 0.05mm.

4세대 전쟁의 효용성과 전쟁의 ‘진화’로 볼 것이냐의 문제는 여전히 논쟁이 진행되고 있지만 이러한 논쟁에도 불구하고 4세대 전쟁이라는 것이 오늘날 전쟁양상의 한 축으로 자리잡아가고 있고, 군사적 약자들에 의해 점차 발전되어지고 더욱 교활해지고 있다는 측면은 분명하다. 이는 비단 미국과 같은 군사적 강자에게만 해당되는 문제가 아니라 여전히 강력한 비대칭적 위협수단과 전략을 구사하는 북한과 대치하고 있는 한국의 상황에도 일정부분 연관이 있다고 보여 진다. 이러한 사실을 고려할 때 4세대 전쟁연구에 있어 가장 시급한 과제는 효과적인 대응방안을 수립하는 것이며 이를 위해서는 군사적 약자의 승리원인에 대한 진단과 관련된 보다 체계적인 연구가 선행되어져야 할 것이다. 기존의 군사적 약자의 승리원인 연구는 4세대 전쟁의 정치적 측면을 과대평가하는 반면 군사적 약자의 전쟁수행전략에 대해서는 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 4세대 전쟁에서의 군사적 약자의 승리원인에 대한 이론적 논의를 통해 ‘정치적 의지’와 ‘시간’이라는 변수가 승리를 가져다 줄 수 있다는 주장의 문제점을 지적할 것이다. 이어서 북베트남의 전쟁수행전략에 대한 개괄적 분석을 통해 공세에 주안을 둔 지구전 전략의 우수성을 설명하고, 실제 북베트남의 전쟁수행사례를 소개할 것이다. 끝으로 4세대전쟁 연구의 발전방향과 관련 전쟁수행전략에 대한 보다 체계적인 사례연구의 필요성을 강조하고자 한다.

The 4GW is becoming another axis of modern warfare. The practitioners of 4GW have become more politically astute and more tactically adroit. The threat of 4GW disturbs major military powers and South Korea is also facing strong asymmetric threat by poorly armed North Korea. In light of this, the most urgent task is to develop effective countermeasures, and this requires more systematic study on the causes of victory of military weaker side in the non-conventional warfare. While related previous studies overestimate the political element, they underestimate or ignore the weaker’s war fighting strategy. From this vein, this paper tries to point out some weakness on the arguments that political will and time will bring victory. Second, I will explain and suggest the superiority of Hanoi's war fighting strategy focused on the offensive during its protracted war period, and introduce how it actually proceeded. Additionally, I will make some comments on the direction of future study of the 4GW.

This study is an exploratory study on how the identity of the 3rd and 4th generations of Turkey in Germany affects cultural adaptation of the country of residence. The researcher assumes that it is essential to understand characteristic aspects of the communicative interaction with the country of residence between their identity and cultural adaptation. In order to prove the assumption and fuifill the research purposes, we gathered survey data and used statistical analytic methods. Through the analysis, we found that first, the higher the religious identity, the more difficult it is to adapt to German society. One of the main reasons was the low interactive uses of social media with German society, Second, It was also found that there are distinct differences in religious identity and interaction on social media in dependence on the type of cultural adaptation. In other words, the religious identity is the powerful factor affecting the degree of cultural adaptation in the country of residence for the immigrant groups. In particular, the least adaptive group is the most religious while the Turkey community members who used social media actively tend to be most culturally adaptive as well as integrated groups. Third, in addition to religious identity and communicative interaction on the German social media, social and economic identities such as gender, age, economic, the number of visit to Turkey, and Turkish ability also affected the degree of cultural adaptation. In other words, the findings suggest that it might be difficult to adapt to German society for those who are younger female students with higher number of visits to Turkey.