Earticle

스마트 기기의 발전은 종사자들의 업무환경뿐만 아니라 생활에도 많은 영향을 주었다. 스마트 기기는 업무 방식이나 절차를 간편하게 만들었으며, 언제 어디서든 팀원들과 자료를 공유할 수 있게 하는 등 많은 이점을 가져다주었지만, 한편으로는 업무의 과부화, 역할 모호성 등 많은 문제점 역시 야기하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 업무 종사자들의 테크노스트레스가 업무 간 지속적인 기기활용에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 이 과정에서 스트레스 대처방식이 어떻게 매개하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 317명의 중소기업 종사자들을 대상으로 구조방정식 모델을 검증하였다. 그 결과 테크노스트레스 선행요인 중 역할 모호성, 기술적 한계만이 테크노스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 알 수 있었고, 종사자들이 테크노스트레스를 느낄 때 정서 중심적 대처를 통해 스트레스를 해소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The development of smart devices has affected employees' working environments and their lives. However, using smart devices is causing employees to experience technostress. This study aims to investigate the effects of technostress in using smart devices on usage intention in an organization. Moreover, the study investigates the effect of employees’ stress-coping methods on the intention to use smart devices. This study posits familiarity, use innovativeness, role ambiguity, system vulnerability, technological limitation, and ubiquity as the antecedents of technostress. Data collected from 317 users who have experience in using smart devices in organizations are empirically tested against a research model using the PLS graph. Analysis results show that role ambiguity, system vulnerability, and technological limitation significantly influence technostress. Moreover, users take up emotion-focused coping behaviors because of technostress. Emotion-focused coping behaviors affect usage intention in organizations. However, technostress and problem-focused coping behaviors do not directly affect usage intention in organizations.

Social Network Service(SNS)는 우리 사회와 개인들의 삶에서 그리고 기업차원의 비즈니스에서 중요한 부분으로 인식되고 있으며 서비스 제공 업체 간의 경쟁도 매우 치열한 상황이다. SNS 사업의 성공을 위해서는 웹사이트 품질 개선 노력을 통해 사용자들의 만족과 지속적 사용의도를 강화시키는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 SNS 웹사이트의 품질 요인들을 8개의 상위 요인들과 28개의 하위 요인들로 구성된 새로운 체계로 정립하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 이러한 웹사이트 품질 체계의 요인들이 사용자의 만족에 미치는 영향과 사용자의 만족이 지속적 사용의도와 구전의도에 미치는 영향을 실증분석을 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과, 감성 품질, 콘텐츠 관리 품질, 시스템 품질의 순서로 SNS 사용자의 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 사용자 만족은 지속적 사용의도와 구전의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 SNS 업체들의 웹사이트의 개선 전략 수립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

SPA 브랜드는 국내 도입 이후 뚜렷한 성장세를 이어나가, 현재 글로벌 브랜드 외에 국내 태생의 SPA 브랜드들까지 지 속 성장하는 추세이다. 본 연구의 목적은 패션 SPA 브랜드 이커머스 웹사이트 개발에 있어 유용한 기본 구성 방법을 제 시하는데 있다. 본 연구의 방법으로, 먼저 문헌자료 조사를 통해 사용자 경험 요소와 문화코드에 대한 이론적 배경을 정 리하고, 국내 유명 SPA 브랜드 중에 인지도가 높은 브랜드를 선정하여 이들 브랜드의 웹사이트를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 해외 글로벌 SPA 브랜드인 H&M, ZARA, Uniqlo와 국 내 SPA 브랜드인 8 Seconds, SPAO, TOPTEN의 웹사이트 사례를 사용자 경험 요소와 문화코드를 기준으로 분석하였 다. 웹사이트 분석도구인 사용자 경험 요소와 문화코드를 사 용한 여섯 개의 SPA 브랜드 사례 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 글로벌 브랜드는 활성 문화코드와 감성적 기능요소를 사용하고 있다. 둘째, 공통 요소는 일반 문화코드 사용과 제품의 시각적 경험과 정보 구분에 의한 제 품 선택과 비교이다. 셋째, 이커머스 웹사이트를 ‘제품 중심 웹사이트’와 ‘이미지 중심 웹사이트’로 구분할 수 있다. 본 사 례연구를 통해 정리한 사용자 경험 요소와 문화코드 분석도 구는 이커머스 웹사이트 개발에 있어 유용한 가이드라인을 제공할 것이다. 따라서 후속 연구로 이커머스 활성화를 위한 웹사이트 수용자 경험 측정 등의 관련 연구로 범위를 확장해 나갈 것을 기대한다.

SPA brands have shown significant growth since they were first introduced in Korea, and in addition to global brands, domestic-born SPA brands continue to grow in Korea. This study aims to present a useful method of bas ic classification in developing a fashion brand e-commerc e website. This study's methodology first summarized th e User Experience factors and Culture Code's theoretical background by researching literature and analyzing webs ites of selected highly recognizable SPA brands in Korea. For this study, the website cases of overseas global SPA brands H&M, ZARA, Uniqlo, and domestic SPA brands 8 Seconds, SPAO, and TOPTEN were analyzed based on User Experience factors and Cultural Code elements. The following results were obtained by analyzing six SPA br and case studies with the user experience factors and cul ture codes as a website analysis tool. First, Global Brand uses Active Culture Codes and emotional, functional elem ents. Second, the common factor is the use of General Cu lture Codes and the comparison with the product selectio n by the product's visual experience and information clas sification. Third, e-commerce websites could be divided into 'Product-oriented Websites' and 'Image-oriented W ebsites.' The user experience factors and cultural code an alysis tools outlined in this case study are expected to be a useful method of classification in developing e-commer ce websites. Therefore, a follow-up study is necessary to measure the experience of the users. Therefore, this stud y is expected to serve as an essential basis for e-commer ce website research as a valuable analysis tool.

Background: Smoking behavior is related to numerous factors, including psychosocial parameters. This study investigated the association between family context factors and smoking among male adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted during 2014. The study sampled 900 students from intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Data concerning smoking status, sociodemographic, parental and friends' smoking behavior, and family factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. These data were employed to estimate the prevalence of smoking using appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 900 students, 870 completed the study questionnaire (96.7%). Of the respondents, 181 students (20.8%, 95% CI=18.1%-23.5%) were current smokers, and a much higher prevalence was observed among adolescents with most or all of their friends smoking (48.1%) and those living with neither parent (47.4%). The adjusted risk of smoking increased significantly among adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR=3.3; 95% CI=1.1-9.2) and among those who reported little or no parental supervision (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1.0-2.1). Conclusions: Family context factors are associated with an increased risk of smoking behavior among male adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

This paper attempts to discuss the complex nature of social contexts regarding English language education in Korean middle school and to demonstrate the affective factors that should be considered to find appropriate approaches within the context. To do this, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 85 middle school students regarding learners' motivation, and attitudes toward EFL learning. Additionally, teachers in secondary school were asked about the general circumstances of English language education. Findings indicate that in spite of the participants' high instrumental motivation, they rather show a negative attitude toward English learning. This paper intends to raise practitioners' attention to the fact that the effect of learners' affective variables on EFL learning seems distinctive depending on the host country's EFL contexts.

Purpose: The practice of feedback is influenced by the characteristics of students, teachers, and the clinical environment. Most studies on feedback have been conducted in Western settings with different sociocultural backgrounds to Indonesia. This study explores feedback in Indonesian clinical clerkship using a sociocultural lens and aims to provide an exemplar of adaptive practice relevant to non-Western settings.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using an interpretive phenomenology approach. Data were collected through focus groups with students and teachers and interviews with program coordinators. Data were transcribed verbatim and grouped according to data sources, coded, and analyzed thematically.Results: Themes identified from the focus group discussions and interviews were categorized as student, teacher, and environmental factors. Student factors include dependence on feedback, tendencies to use a group approach, difficulties recognizing social rules, a perceived lack of resilience, and tendencies to doubt praise. Factors related to teachers include a high level of expertise, being extremely busy, having a strong commitment, and being unsure of students’ acceptance of feedback. Clinical environment factors influence interactions between teachers and learners and include high power distance and collectivistic values. A safe environment is needed to ensure effective feedback interactions.Conclusion: High power distance, collectivism, and generational characteristics of students likely impact feedback practice in clinical settings. Designing a safe environment is essential for effective feedback practice.

The meaning of mother tongue speakers or the meaning of a mother tongue should be clearly defined in order to understand the concept of bi- or multilinguals within multilingual societies. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate Korean immigrant youth’s perspectives on a mother tongue, bilingualism, and tri-lingualism through a questionnaire and semi-structured qualitative interviewing within the multilingual Montreal context, where two majority languages (i.e., French & English) exist along with their heritage language (i.e., Korean) in the host society, focusing on environmental and social factors. In addition, it is generally assumed that bi- or multilingual skills are required as an asset to the Korean society in a global world; however, it is not easy to find specified definitions of bi- or multilinguals and their respective skills. In this regard, this study provides some implications for the Korean society which has become the multilingual society. Some implications for the multilingual Korean society are briefly touched on in this study.

In the previous study, six factors which could disturb students' problem solving in an everyday context were identified and discussed. In this study, teaching materials to help students overcome those disturbing factors for successful problem solving in an everyday context were developed and applied to twenty-nine grade 10 students, and the effects of teaching materials were analyzed. According to the analysis of the correlation between the performance in everyday context problem solving and the benefit from the teaching materials, it was found that students who received the help from the teaching materials showed better performance with statistical significance. And students noted that teaching materials were helpful for them to solve the physics problems. Analyzing the overall performance of students in solving the everyday context problem, students in the experimental group showed better performance than the control group and this performance difference was larger among low-score students in school science testing. However, these differences were not statistically significant because the sample size was small. And, based on the analysis of interviews with students, it was also found that some students who showed low performance might not receive help from the teaching materials because the materials were too complex to be read easily, or because the basic concepts needed to solve the problem were not understood. Therefore, the results obtained from the interviews will be used to design more effective teaching for problem solving in an everyday context.

As artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly adopted in educational fields, significant efforts have been made to foster the integration of AI into K-12 educational contexts. In this study, we aimed to design and implement a science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) educational program that incorporates AI under the theme of space exploration and to examine the relationships among the factors affecting student learning outcomes. Two hundred and twenty-seven seventh graders participated in the AI-STEAM program under the theme of space exploration. Students were invited to respond to an instrument examining self-efficacy, task value, learning engagement, and several learning outcome variables. Path analysis was conducted to verify the appropriateness of the set path and to investigate the relationship between variables. The results indicate that students’ self-efficacy in learning AI had a significant direct impact on their learning engagement and an indirect impact on learning satisfaction and career aspiration to AI fields. Additionally, students’ perception of task value and learning engagement directly affected their learning satisfaction and career aspiration to AI fields. Interestingly, students’ conceptual understanding of AI was not directly or indirectly predicted by any factors. The results provide pedagogical implications for teaching practitioners in designing and implementing AI-integrated lessons in curriculums.

Purpose ? With the rapid development of Internet technology, the large-scale popularization of intelligent terminals, and the influx of users into online learning platforms caused by COVID-19, online education has become a new outlet for the internet. However, with the control of COVID-19, online learning platforms face problems of low user stickiness and severe loss. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the factors that affect users’ willingness to pay for online learning platforms. Design/Methodology/Approach ? Using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Regulatory Focus theory, this study constructed the influencing factor model of paying user turnover intention of online learning platform. This study collected 332 valid sample data through a questionnaire survey, and tested the main effect and moderating effect by adopting regression analysis. This study explored the factors affecting the churn intention of paying users of online learning platforms and the influence degree of each factor, and explored the influencing factors of the churn intention of paying users on online learning platforms from multiple angles. Findings ? The results identified that the influencing factor model of user turnover intention constructed in this paper is practical, seven hypotheses are tenable, and three hypotheses are partially supported. Finally, based on the above research conclusions, this study puts forward strategies to reduce the churn intention of paying users on online learning platforms on three aspects: user segmentation, continuous use process, and influencing factors of online learning platform users, to provide some reference value for online learning platform operators and designers. Research Implications ? Based on the previous analysis results, this study puts forward corresponding improvement strategies from three aspects: user segmentation, continuous use process, and influencing factors in order to provide a specific reference value for reducing the churn of paying users’ online learning platforms.

This current study investigated the interaction of six Korean graduate students in an academic context in order to identify factors influencing their verbal interaction. The participants were interviewed and observed for one semester. The factors were cultural, institutional, linguistic, personal, and psychological factors. Among them, linguistic and institutional factors were most influential. Most of problems in interaction were caused from low listening comprehension. Their listening proficiency severely impeded their interaction with American peers on and off campus. However, in business-like interaction, the same listening proficiency did not impede their interaction because of request of repetition or comprehension check. Further, successful academic achievement and workload acted as a barrier for them to seek further interaction opportunities. Some implications were suggested based on the findings.

The article examines the factors that make Armenia an attractive destination for Russian relokants (relocatees) in the context of contemporary migration patterns following the outbreak of the military conflict in Ukraine in 2022. Adopting the push-pull factor model, the author analyses the reasons behind the choice of Armenia as a country of destination for migration, categorising the pull factors according to the principle of necessary and sufficient conditions. Necessary conditions include: visa-free regime with the possibility of unlimited extension of stay on the basis of visa run procedure, residence registration system and tolerance of violations of migration legislation. Sufficient conditions include: favourable climatic conditions, low cost of living, liberal employment policy, possibility of entry with internal passport, predominance of pro-Western vector in foreign policy, ethno-demographic and sociolinguistic factors. The study is based on in-depth interviews with migrants and analysis of secondary sources. The results underline the uniqueness of the migration situation in Armenia and its potential to create favourable migration conditions for the country's economic development.

Better understanding of the factors that affect EFL learners’ satisfaction and continued use of e-learning could offer supports for better implementation of such a strategic initiative. This study develops a comprehensive structural equation model that captures most causal factors related to EFL learners’ satisfaction and continued use of e-learning. The proposed model incorporates learner factors (attitude toward using technology, computer self-efficacy, and outcome expectation) as well as environmental factors (content flexibility, content quality, and support) and their impact on EFL e-learners’ satisfaction which in turn leads to continuous use of e-learning. The survey participants comprised public and private secondary school students (Grades 10 to 12) in South Korea. The analysis provides a structural equation model with acceptable statistical fits and with many significant causal relationships. The results demonstrate significant links between satisfaction with e-learning and various factors as well as continuous use of e-learning. The study findings have implications for English educators.

Purpose: The paper's primary goal is to reveal how customer characteristics and team challenges as factors, might affect the overall effectiveness of Agile Project Management (APM). Design/methodology/approach: The authors employed a PLS-SEM methodology to synthesize research using Smart PLS 4.0 as the research tool. This research is conducted through 156 samples, collected using a third party within Indonesia. Findings: This study examined the influence of organizational context, customer characteristics, and team challenges on agile project management effectiveness. The findings provided evidence for the positive impact of organizational influence on agile project management effectiveness. However, customer characteristics were found to not be a mediating factor in this relationship. Furthermore, team challenges emerged as a negative moderator, reducing the positive impact of organizational influence. Research limitations/implications: The samples gathered for this research are limited by the geographical collection reach solely within Indonesia, therefore only revealing insights from Indonesian respondents. Originality/value: Whilst the advantages of agile project management have been well described in the literature, little attention has been focused on the internal processes that make agile project management effective, or how those mechanisms may be modified for even greater impact. This study will be used as a reference for the practical application of entities using agile project management within their operational framework to optimize the resulting effectiveness.

The present study examines the effects of three learning factors (L2 motivation, academic self-efficacy, L2 grit) on learners’ task completion using 239 Korean EFL university students who studied TOEIC materials online. Participants attended a face-to-face class once a week and completed three types of tasks (videos, assignments, and tests) independently on their own time via an online TOEIC site. At the end of the semester, they completed online surveys on the three learning factors. Gap statistics and the k-medoid clustering technique was used to separate the data for the three learning factors and their sub-domains into two groups. The results showed that there were significant differences in all learning factors as well as their sub-domains. Students with higher motivation, self-efficacy, and L2 grit all scored statistically higher on task completion than their counterparts. In the case of the six sub-domains of motivation, IMK, IMA, IMS and IdR significantly contributed to the effectiveness of motivation. Regarding the three sub-domains of self-efficacy, ‘self-regulation’ and ‘task difficulty’ strongly contributed to the effectiveness of self-efficacy. For the two sub-domains of grit, ‘consistency of interest’ was the major influencing factor. Implications for online L2 instruction were discussed.

This paper attempts to review previous research on factors affecting L2 phonological acquisition and to provide an experiment to determine whether or not factors such as gender, age of L2 learning, length and frequency of private L2 instruction and amount of L2 use have significant influence on the discrimination of the English vowel contrasts /iy/-/?/, /uw/-/?/ and /?/-/æ/ by native Koreans learning English in a foreign language context and, if so, to what extent. Gender, age of L2 learning, and length and frequency of private L2 instruction were found not to be significant predictors of the perceptual accuracy of the English vowel contrasts. On the other hand, it was revealed that amount of L2 use affected the discrimination of the English vowels significantly, suggesting that it is important for L2 learners to have enough opportunities to use the L2 to benefit in the perception of L2 segmental contrasts. Directions for future study were suggested on the basis of the findings of this study.