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This research tried to investigate the difficulties in management of golf course, point out the problems and suggest an improvement plan. In the past, golf courses was recognized as a golden goose industry by the law of supply and demand, but nowadays it faces such difficulties, as noted below: First, lots of new golf clubs caused oversupplied golf courses, which led to the need for price cut and service improvement. Second, the number of costumers who avoiding expensive Green Fees increased through the golf popularization. Therefore, it led to an increasing of public golf courses to compare with membership golf clubs for which you need to pay high Green Fees. At the last, due to various taxes imposed for membership golf clubs, it has become disadvantageous in competition with public golf courses, so it became the main reason of business deterioration. Therefore, improvement plan for management and role of golf courses was designed in this research. First, tax system must be improved. Generally the tax base of excessive discrimination of public golf courses must be eased. From 2020, special consumption tax must be abolished as original land of golf courses was changed from general aggregate tax to separate aggregate tax. Due to excessive taxes, service improvements can not compete with public golf courses, that is why it is resulting decline in quality of golf courses. Second, need to reinforce the role of local community. Reinforce the role of Club House community. It is used as a place for art exhibitions, music concerts, conferences, banquet for local residences etc. Reinforce the role of Golf Course community. It is used as place for walking when there is no round, health walking competition for local residences, walking on the grass at the Children‘s day, children‘s drawing contest, regional events using seasonal courses etc.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of stabilization training on the putting straightness of golf players. For this purpose, KPGA golfers from all over the country were selected as the population, and then subjects were selected using convenience sampling. In this way, 7 KPGA Association pros and 7 junior amateur athletes were selected as subjects. Seven randomized groups were assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Muscle strength was measured before and after 7 weeks of leg stabilization training, and 3M putting was performed to evaluate the straightness of the golf ball. Measured data were carried out using SPSS 24.0 to carry out independent t-tests and paired t-tests to carry out changes in straightness of the lower extremity muscles and putts before and after the group and training. Carry), launch angle (Launch Angle), attack angle (Attack Angle), face to path (Face to Path) was identified. According to this procedure, the following results were obtained. First, there was a statistically significant difference in the knee joint's left and right knee flexion muscles before and after the leg stabilization training using the isokinetic equipment. Second, the results of putting straightness applying the 7-week stabilization training program showed statistically significant differences in the groups before and after the training in the carry, lunch, attack and FTP in the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference in the changes before and after training among the groups.

The purpose of this study is to find significant selection attributes of city golf, excluded as line activities, which tend to influence and analyze the relationship with swinging park golf course selectivity for those over 65 years old and thus relate moderating effects. For this purpose, data were collected using an assessment method from 206 people who said they regularly use park golf. Using emotions, we measured perceptions and collected data for the performance and use of emerging park golf courses in selection. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 26.0 and Amos 21.0 programs, and all statistical significance levels were set at .05. As a result of the study, first, among the sub-factors of park golf course selection attributes for seniors, the course/service factor was found to have a significant impact on user satisfaction. On the other hand, convenience/cost factors did not appear to have a statistically significant effect on user satisfaction. Second, course/service factors and convenience/cost factors, which are sub-factors of park golf course selection attributes, were found to have no moderating effect by gender in their influence on user satisfaction. In conclusion, in order to ensure the elderly's satisfaction with using the park golf course, a policy that reflects the selection attributes of course/service factors is needed from the stage of establishing the park golf course construction plan. However, when constructing, operating, and managing a park golf course, consideration of the gender of the elderly may be considered as a secondary priority.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among trust of instructors, sport confidence and continuous participation intention for golf participants. To achieve the goal of this study, a total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 250 copies were collected back. Out of those returned questionnaires, insincerely replied or double-replied questionnaires were excluded and finally 242 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. For analysis of the data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Main findings were as follows: First trust of instructors had a positive effect on sport confidence. Second, sport confidence had a positive effect on continuous participation intention. Third, trust of instructors had a positive effect on continuous participation intention. Fourth, sport confidence mediated the relationship between golf participant trust of instructors and continuous participation intention.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support, resilience, and exercise adherence among active senior golf participants. To achieve the goal of this study, a total of 224 questionnaires were distributed and 250 copies were collected back. Out of those returned questionnaires, insincerely replied or double-replied questionnaires were excluded and finally 224 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. For analysis of the data, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 18.0. Main findings were as follows: First social support had a positive effect on resilience. Second, resilience had a positive effect on exercise adherence. Third, social support had a positive effect on exercise adherence. Fourth, resilience mediated the relationship between golf participant social support and exercise adherence. Therefore, in order to improve the intention of active seniors to continue playing golf, social support should be provided through the instructor's systematic teaching method, and furthermore, it is thought that multifaceted psychological counseling and education are necessary to enhance resilience.

This study aims to investigate the relative consistency of performance indicators among Korean female professional golfers. To achieve this, data were obtained from the 2024 regular season records of 115 players on the Korean Ladies Professional Golf Association (KLPGA) Tour. The performance indicators analyzed in this study include scoring average, putting average, greens in regulation, birdie rate, recovery rate, fairway accuracy, and driving distance. Descriptive statistics and coefficients of variation were calculated for each indicator to assess and compare their levels of consistency. The findings are expected to provide meaningful insights for improving player performance and developing strategic training approaches.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of personality type, motivation for participation, and gender—set as personal characteristic factors—on stress responses and performance in amateur golfers. To achieve this, data were collected through a survey of 206 amateur golfers affiliated with indoor and outdoor golf practice facilities located in Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongnamdo, and Daejeon, and the data were analyzed in line with the study’s objectives. The analysis results are as follows: First, examining the impact of personality type on stress factors (such as partner rudeness, financial burden, and performance), a statistically significant difference was found across all factors according to personality type. Amateur golfers with a dominant personality type reported higher stress levels related to partner rudeness, financial burden, and performance. This suggests that golfers with a dominant personality may experience higher stress levels due to their need for control over situations and goal-oriented disposition. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in stress levels based on motivation for participation. This indicates that stress factors may affect amateur golfers differently depending on their purpose for participation. Third, no statistically significant difference was found in stress levels based on gender. This result suggests that gender may not be a major factor in the stress response of amateur golfers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate legal responsibilities for the accidents that happen in swinging and driving a cart. Doing safety duties is the most important criteria of judgement when an accident happens in a golf course. A golfer must look around to check if there is any person before hitting a ball, keep a good distance from a golfer playing ahead, and avoid letting his or her partner ahead of him or her. By doing so, the number of accidents can be reduced, which leads to low liability in case of an accident. In conclusion, liability for the golf course, caddies and golfers in case of an accident depends on the situation. There are many cases where the golf course must take responsibility for the accident attributed to caddies as they stand in the relation of employers and employees. Therefore, basically the golf courses should be built in accordance to the requirements for safety facilities and business approval, and operated based on guidelines with the strengthening of safety education.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between consumption value and continuous participation intention of Chinese screen golf participants by applying the technology acceptance model. To achieve this research purpose, this study selected 500 adults aged 20 or older participating in screen golf in Beijing and Shandong Province, China, as research subjects, including 231 men and 269 women. The survey tool was a questionnaire, which was modified and supplemented based on a questionnaire that had been verified for validity and reliability in a previous study to suit the purpose of this study. The collected data were statistically processed using AMOS 20.0 and SPSS 20.0 programs according to the purpose of analysis. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, the consumption value of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on perceived ease of use. Second, the consumption value of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on perceived usefulness. Third, the consumption value of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on their intention to continue participating. Fourth, the perceived ease of use of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on their intention to continue participating. Fifth, the perceived ease of use of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on their perceived usefulness. Sixth, the perceived ease of use of Chinese screen golf participants had a positive (+) effect on their intention to continue participating.