Earticle

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between wagering tendency and self-efficacy among amateur golfers and to examine the differences according to gender. To achieve this purpose, data were collected from 194 amateur golfers registered at five indoor and outdoor golf practice ranges in Seoul and five in Gyeonggi Province, using a purposive sampling method. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the wagering tendency of amateur golfers showed a significant positive effect on self-efficacy, indicating that golfers with a stronger positive wagering tendency tended to have higher levels of self-efficacy. Second, the multigroup analysis revealed structural differences between male and female golfers in the path from wagering tendency to self-efficacy. Specifically, the influence of wagering tendency on self-efficacy was relatively stronger among male golfers than among female golfers. In conclusion, wagering tendency functions as a psychological mechanism that enhances amateur golfers’ self-efficacy and strengthens their confidence in performance. Moreover, male golfers tend to perceive wagering as an opportunity for competitive challenge that reinforces self-efficacy, whereas female golfers tend to consider relational harmony and social evaluation factors simultaneously. This suggests that the psychological meaning of wagering is constructed and operates differently depending on gender.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-management, resilience, and exercise adherence in middle-aged and older golf participants. For analysis of the data, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 18.0. Main findings were as follows: First self-management had a positive effect on resilience. Second, resilience had a positive effect on exercise adherence. Third, self-management had a positive effect on exercise adherence. Fourth, resilience mediated the relationship between golf participant self-management and exercise adherence. Therefore, as Korea enters a super-aged society, we must explore various measures to proactively plan a healthy and happy life in old age in preparation for the aging population that will continue in the future.

This study examined the effects of test-related competitive anxiety on putting performance and heart rate in amateur collegiate golfers. Forty-one students (33 males, 8 females; mean age = 21.8 years) participated. Competitive anxiety was measured using the CSAI-2, and heart rate was recorded with the Polar H10 sensor. Participants performed putting tasks at 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m under control and test-stress conditions. Results showed significant increases in cognitive and somatic anxiety and decreased self-confidence under the test-stress condition (p < .001). Heart rate was also significantly higher during testing (p < .001). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of condition (p < .001, η² = .55) and distance (p < .001, η² = .78), and a significant interaction effect (p = .002, η² = .14), indicating greater performance declines at longer distances. These findings suggest that test-related stress elevates psychological and physiological arousal, leading to decreased fine-motor performance in amateur golfers. The results highlight the importance of incorporating psychological skills training into golf education and performance assessment.

The primary purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the relationship between the Pelvic Tilt Test, a core component of the Titleist Performance Institute (TPI) physical screen, and golf swing characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of regular golfers and athletes (N=93–151, varying by analysis type). Participants underwent the TPI Level 1 Pelvic Tilt Test, where they were assessed for two independent variables: Pelvic_Neutral (ability to maintain neutral posture at address) and Pelvic_Motion_Normal (ability to tilt the pelvis anteriorly and posteriorly with adequate range and quality). Swing characteristics were analyzed using video analysis (Swing Catalyst) to identify “Big 12/15” swing faults. Additionally, 3D kinematic data (K-VEST) measured peak rotational speeds of the pelvis, torso, arm, and club, while fitness tests measured vertical jump height and grip strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0, employing independent t-tests, chi-square tests (χ²), and logistic regression analysis (p <.05). There were no statistically significant differences in kinematic peak speeds (pelvis, torso, arm, club) or power metrics (jump height, grip strength) between the normal and restricted pelvic motion groups (p >.05). First, pelvic tilt provides angular information describing pelvic mobility, whereas the kinematic sequence evaluates pelvic rotational acceleration. Because these variables represent fundamentally different biomechanical constructs, a significant relationship between them is unlikely. Second, pelvic tilt reflects anterior–posterior control in the sagittal plane, while the kinematic sequence represents horizontal, rotation-based movement that forms the kinetic chain from the pelvis to the trunk, arms, and club. Owing to these differences in movement planes and functional demands, the two variables were not directly related. Third, although pelvic tilt serves primarily as a mobility indicator, maximal jump height and grip strength are physical fitness measures assessing explosive power production. Consequently, no significant relationships were observed between pelvic tilt and these power-related variables.