Earticle

시공간 부호(Space-time codes; STC)는 부가적인 대역폭 요구 사항 없이도 다중경로 환경에서 부호화 이득을 얻을 수 있는 효율적인 방식이다. 위성시스템에서도 시공간부호를 이용하여 지상 중계 장치와의 협동 다이버시티 이득 구현이 가능함이 제안되어 왔다. 특히 위성 DMB 시스템에서는 방송 서비스의 단방향 특성으로 인하여 전송 다이버시티를 이용하여 성능을 향상시키는 것이 매우 효율적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 차세대 위성 DMB 서비스의 성능을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있는 여러 가지 STC 방식의 성능을 비교한 결과를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 방식들은 위성과 지상의 중계기가 서로 협동적으로 동작하여 STC 부호화 이득을 얻을 수 있도록 하는 방식이다. 또한, 향후 이런 방식들을 개발함에 있어서 고려해야 할 점들을 기술한다.

Space-time codes (STC) can achieve the diversity gain in a multi-path environment without additional bandwidth requirement. Recent study results reported that satellite systems can also achieve this diversity gain by using spacetime codes in a cooperative network with terrestrial repeaters. Due to uni-directional nature of satellite DMB services, transmit diversity can be considered as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance. In this paper, we demonstrate various simulations results of STC schemes which can contribute to improve performance of future satellite DMB services. The STC schemes introduced in this paper provides diversity gains by combing independent coded signal from the satellite as well as from the terrestrial repeaters. In addition, we discuss a few points which should be considered to develop and implement these STC schemes.

The study discussed the link analysis for the Ka band satellite broadcasting service in Korea with respect to the transmission schemes based on the DVB-S2 standard. To analyze the effect of the rain fading to the link budget, we estimated the rain attenuation from the measured rainfall intensity in Korea. We analyzed the link budget for the Ka band transponders of Koreasat-3, and DirecTV BSS-99W, and showed the possible link availability with the DVB-S2 transmission schemes for each transponder. Based on the link analysis of the available satellites with the Ka band transponders, we suggested the required EIRP for the satellite which will be employed for the Ka band satellite broadcasting service in Korea.

저궤도위성의 프로그램 운영의 목적에 따라위성의 탑재체를 외부에서 개발하여 위성 버스에 장착하게 된다. 이때 탑재체의 원격텔레메트리 시스템이 위성버스시스템에 설계된 기존 원격텔레메트리 형태에서 벗어난 새로운 형태를 가질 경우, 기존 원격텔레메트리 시스템에 이를 쉽게 반영하기 힘들었으며, 위성 전체 원격텔레메트리 운영 구조가 기형적인 형태를 가지게 되었다. 즉, 기존 원격텔레메트리 구조와 변경된 구조가 동식에 존재하면서 위성 시험 및 관리, 탑재소프트웨어 개발 면에서 여러 가지 어려움이 제기되었다. 따라서 탑재체의 원격텔레메트리 시스템의 변경에 유연하게 대응할 수 있는 원격텔레메트리 시스템 개발이 필요하다. 또한 저궤도위성의 성능이 고도화됨에 따라 텔레메트리 데이터가 크게 증가하여기존의 텔레메트리 운용 시스템에서는 이들을 효과적으로 수용할 수 없었다. 원격텔레메트리를 전송하는 단위가 고정된 그리드 (Grid) 구조인 텔레메트리전송 체계는 설계상의 오류 발생 가능성이 크며 설계가 진행됨에 따라 새로운 텔레메트리를 전송받기 위해 그리드 전체를 변경해야 했다. 그리드 방식에서는 Dump 데이터의 운용 역시 많은 제한을 받았다. 이러한 약점을 완하기위해 최근 유럽에서 인공위성의 텔레메트리 운용에 이용하고 있는PUS (Packet Utilization Standard)개념을 검토하여 차세대 저궤도위성의 데이터 처리에 이용하고자 한다. 이 개념을 바탕으로 기존 위성 텔레메트리 시스템에서는 제한적으로 사용되었던 Dump 데이터 전송 및 Event 운용을 위성상태데이터와 별도로 운영할 수 있게 설계 하였고, 대량의 위성상태데이터를 효율적으로 운영할 수 있도록 Packet 단위의 위성텔레메트 리 시스템을 설계하였다

The conventional telemetry system of Korean low-earth orbiting satellites has certain limitations in accommodating various missions. As the payload becomes complex, it requires very complicated operational concepts in terms of telemetry. With the current design, the telemetry formats have to be rebuilt whenever new payloads or operation concepts are involved, and many constraints in operation shall be produced due to the lacks of its flexibility. As the capability and performance of a satellite have been improved, the communication structure of the satellite should be improved to gather more telemetry data. For the efficiency of data handling, it is necessary to change the grid based telemetry system in which the downlink interval and types for telemetry was limited. Comparing the fixed data map such as grid type, the packet based telemetry system can be operated as flexible and various types of packet can be designed such as the dump packet and the event packet. The sequence of the packets can be modified or newly defined to manage the massive satellite state of health data. In this paper, a new strategy for the telemetry development partially derived from PUS (Packet Utilization Standard) of European Space Agency, which provides enhanced features for the accommodation of payloads & operational requirements, is presented.

A major drawback of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal which introduces inevitable non-linear distortion in the transmission due to the amplifier non-linear property. This causes both in-band distortion and out of band spectrum re-growth. A polynomial based pre-distortion is estimated using the non-linear and inverse non-linear polynomial achieved through the Least Square Error (LSE) method. A new technique of PAPR reduction called ‘Phase Realignment’ (PR) is proposed which has a optimal effect in improving the BER performance as well as considerable reduction in the PAPR. In this paper we used the PR method along with the ‘Peak Clipping’ (PC) method is used before the pre-distortion to remove the high peak present in the non constant amplitude of the OFDM signal responsible to drive the amplifier in near saturation region for better performance of the system.

As a multi-mission GEO satellite, Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) is scheduled to be launched in the year 2009. COMS has three different payloads: Ka-band communication payload, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and Meteorological Imager (MI). Among the three payloads, MI and GOCI have several conflict relationships; one of them is that if MI mirror moves vertically larger than 4 Line Of Sight (LOS) angle while GOCI is imaging, image quality of GOCI becomes degraded. In this paper, MI scheduling algorithm to prevent GOCI’s image quality degradation will be presented.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is been developing in many countries. The satellite navigation system has the importance in economic and military fields. For utilizing satellite navigation system properly, the technology of GNSS Ground Station is needed. GNSS Ground Station monitors the signal of navigation satellite and analyzes navigation solution. This study deals with the navigation software for GNSS Ground Station. This paper will introduce the navigation solution algorithm for GNSS Ground Station. The navigation solution can be calculated by the code-carrier smoothing method, the Kalman-filter method, the least-square method, and the weight least square method. The performance of each navigation algorithm in this paper is presented..

2005년 DVB-S2 규격이 최종 마무리 되었지만 이미 보급된 기존의 수많은 DVB-S 수신기는 새로이 완전한DVB-S2 수신기로 교체되기까지는 여전히 DVB-S 신호는 수신되어야 한다. 이를 위해서 방송사업자는 기존의 DVB-S 수신기에는 DVB-S 신호를, DVB-S2 수신기에는 DVB-S2 신호를 전송해야 한다. DVB-S2 수신기에서 DVB-S서비스를 수용하기 위해서는 DVB-S2 chip에 DVB-S 모듈이 구현되어야 한다. 이런 역호환성을 위해서 시스템에서는 계층적 변조 방식을 적용해야 하며, 시스템 마진을 만족하기 위해 본 논문에서는 편향각에 따른 시스템의 성능을 분석하였으며 또한 성능을 검증해 보았다. 그리고 본 방식을 검증하기 위해서 FPGA chip을 이용하여 테스트베드를 구현하였으며 이를 보인다

In 2005, DVB-S2 spec. was finalized. But with a large number of DVB-S receivers already installed, backwards compatibility may be required for a period of time, where old receivers continue to receive the same capacity as before, while the new DVB-S2 receivers could receive additional capacity broadcasts. To facilitate the reception of DVB-S serviced by DVB-S2 receivers, implementation of DVB-S in DVB-S2 chips is highly recommended. For the backward compatibility the system adapt the hierarchical modulation scheme. And the system has to meet system margin, so in this paper analyzes the effect according to the deviation angle and shows the BER performance. And finally this paper shows the result of the system implement using FPGA chip.

통신해양기상위상은 국내 정지궤도 복합위성 중의 하나이며, 2009년 아리안 로켓 V호에 의해 동경 128도에 발사될 예정이다. 통신해양기상위성은 위성통신, 해양 및 기상관측 등의 세가지 임무 수행을 위해 설계, 제작되었으며, 보다 구체적으로는 세 개의 서로 다른 탑재체에 의해 기상관측, 해양관측 그리고 Ka 대역의 위성통신 서비스를 제공한다. 이 세 개의 탑재체 중에서 Ka 대역 통신 탑재체는 한국전자통신연구원에 의해 개발되었으며 재해 방재를 위한 디지털 전송서비스와 고속 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한 디지털 통신서비스를 제공하게 된다. 본 논문은 통신해양기상위성 Ka 대역 통신 중계기 비행모델의 전기적, 기계적 설계 및 지상검증을 위한 시험 측정결과 등에 관한 것이다..

COMS is the one of Korean hybrid geostationary satellite and is scheduled to be launched in 2009 by Arian V into 128° E longitude. COMS is designed and manufactured for three main objectives which are Communications, Oceanographic, and Meteorological missions. It provides the weather monitoring, ocean monitoring, and Ka band satellite communication services by means of three different payloads. The Ka band communications payload was developed by Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), and provides not only the digital transmission for the communication services against natural disaster but also digital transmission for the high speed multimedia services. This paper describes the overview of the electrical and mechanical design and measured performances of the Ka band communications transponder flight model (FM) for COMS.

In the future, satellite communication systems, such as ISDB in Japan and DVB in Europe, are required to support higher transmission date rate for providing multimedia services including HDTV, high rate data communication etc. Considering the effectiveness of OFDM technique in efficient usage of frequency bandwidth and its robustness to the multi-path fading, several OFDM based standards have been proposed for satellite communication. However, the problem of high Peak to Average Power Ratio is one of the main obstacles for the implementation of OFDM based system. Many PAPR reduction schemes have been proposed for OFDM systems. Among these, the partial transmit sequences (PTS) is attractive as they obtain better PAPR property by modifying OFDM signals without distortion. In this paper, considering the complexity issue, we present a simplified minimum maximum (minimax) criterion and Sub-Optimal PTS algorithm to optimize the phase factor. This algorithm can be dynamically made tradeoff`f between performance and complexity on demand. In addition, we integrate guided scrambling (GS) with this method. Simulation in multiple antenna based OFDM system proves that the proposed Hybrid schemes can get much more PAPR reduction and do not require transmission of side information (SI). Thus it is helpful when implementing OFDM technique in satellite communication system.

Traditionally R&D evaluation has been performed by experts who can understand the contents of the study area very well. Recently extensive application of quantitative evaluation methods have been attempted for introducing the administrative management system that poses greater importance on records and results. More objective reviews on the R&D outcomes are called for gaining public supports. In this paper a bibliometrical analysis is to be performed to evaluate satellite communication and broadcasting public R&D outcomes for last 7 years. Data envelopment analysis method is selected for evaluating the efficiencies of multiple outputs (papers, patents, royalties, technology transfers) where multiple inputs (number of researchers and R&D expenses) are given. R&D ou tcomes from 22 research institutes are being compared and satellite communication and broadcasting R&D efforts turn out to be highly efficient.