Earticle

Face-to-face interview format has been widely used to elicit English language samples in oral proficiency testing. It is desirable to replicate target language use situations in oral testing, and the direct testing format is believed to assess more authentic and interactive language abilities. However, it has been argued that speech samples from unstructured face-to-face interviews are quite different from those in natural communication settings. The purpose of this study was to understand the construct to be assessed through an unstructured face-to-face interview, which was adopted to an English speaking contest. Data from the English speaking contest were analyzed in terms of how they were different from the characteristics of naturally occurring conversations. It was found that the test construct in the English speaking contest did not reflect the features of natural conversation specifically in the areas of turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and topic nomination due to asymmetrical power relations between interviewer and interviewees. Therefore, it was suggested that we need to incorporate diverse discourse-based approaches into current speaking skill assessments, which can interpret spoken language data in many ways.

본 연구는 구조방정식모형(structural equation modeling)을 이용하여 건강관련 삶의 질 척도인Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36)의 구성타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 지역사회 거주노인 1,636명으로, 일대일 면접 설문조사를 통해 노인의 건강관련 삶의 질(SF-36)과 연령, 성별 등에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. SF-36의 구성타당도를 알아보기 위해 구조방정식모형을 이용하여 확인적 요인분석(Confirmatory factor analysis)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 기존의 여덟 개의 일차 요인 모델의 우수성을 확인할 수 있었으나, 고차 분석 결과에서는 상관된 세 개의 이차 요인과 일 삼차 요인이 데이터에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 검증결과는 SF-36가 다차원 구조를 가지고 있으며, 한국의 지역거주 노인들을 대상으로 본 척도를 사용할 때에는 모든 문항의 요약된 합계 점수를 사용하는 것 보다 여덟 개의 하위 점수를 사용하는 것이 보다 바람직하다는 것을 시사한다.

This study was done to evaluate construct validity of the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) in a sample of Korean community-dwelling elderly, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 1,636 participants in a stratified sample of community-dwelling elderly in Korea, interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers. The subjects completed individual characteristics (sex, age, with or without stroke), the MOS Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), and the Barthel Index (BI). The construct validity of the SF-36 survey was assessed using Structural Equation Modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) through an evaluation of the original eight-factor structure: Physical Functioning (PF), Role Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social Functioning (SF), Role Emotional (RE), and Mental Health (MH). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses supported the superiority of the eight first-order factor model of health. Higher-order analyses suggested that a model with three correlated second-order factors (physical health- PF, RP, BP, general well-being- GH, VT; and general mental health- SF, RE, MH) and one third-order factor (health) provided a satisfactory fit to the data. These results confirm the multidimensional structure of the SF-36 suevey and underscore the feasibility of multinational comparisons of health status using this instrument. They also support the use of eight subscale scores in parallel with two second-order summary scores rather than one overall score.

본 연구에서는 사회적 바람직성이 자기보고식 성격검사의 구인타당도에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위한 한 가지 방안으로 사회적 바람직성이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단에서 성격구인이 동등한지를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 5요인 성격검사(중앙고용정보원, 2001)를 대학생 2,799명을 대상으로 실시하여 외향성, 호감성, 성실성, 정서적 불안정성, 개방성의 각 주요인에 해당하는 5문항을 선정하여, 총 25문항으로 척도를 축소하여 본 연구에 활용하였다. 사회적 바람직성이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단에서 성격구인이 동등한지 알아보기 위해서 먼저 사회적 바람직성 하위척도인 자기기만적 고양 및 인상관리 점수에 근거하여 상, 하위 집단을 구성한 뒤, 두 집단 간 다집단 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 두 집단 간 형태불변성과 측정불변성이 확인되어 사회적 바람직성의 영향력이 있음에도 성격구인이 어느 정도 유지되었음을 알 수 있었으나 척도불변성이 확보되지 않아 측정된 점수를 두 집단에서 직접 비교하는 것에는 신중해야 함을 보여주었다. 본 연구결과를 자기보고식 성격검사 활용과 관련하여 해석 시 고려사항을 중심으로 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct equivalence of a personality inventory in a low and high socially desirable responding (SDR) groups. In the pursuit of achieving the purposes, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the configural, metric, and scalar invariance in the two groups' data. Total of 2,799 undergraduate students responded to the reduced personality inventory which was based on the Personality Inventory developed by the Central Employment Information Office (2001) and Korean version of Paulus' (2002) BIDR-7 that consists of two sub-scales, namely the self-deceptive enhancement scale and the impression management scale. The results of the construct equivalence tests provided evidence that supported the configural and metric invariance in the two groups. The results also showed that (1) between the low and high self-deceptive enhancement groups, substantial effect sizes were observed in the conscientiousness and emotional stability items; (2) between the low and high impression management groups, substantial effect sizes were observed in the agreeableness and conscientiousness items. It was worth noting that social desirability did not alter the factor structures that characterized the personality inventory used in this study. The results implied that the personal inventory could be used commonly in the low and high SDR groups. However, since it failed to ensure scalar invariance, the personality inventory scores from each group were to be compared cautiously. The limitation of this study and suggestions for following studies were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 탁진국 등(2015)이 개발, 타당화한 일의 의미 척도의 8개 요인구조를 국내 직장인들을 대상으로 재검증하고 상위요인구조를 도출하는 데 있다. 먼저 일의 의미 척도의 구성개념타당도를 재검증하고, 다음으로 8개의 요인구조의 상위요인구조를 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20~50대의 직장인 1,000명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 시행하였다. 일의 의미 척도 47개 문항에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 8개 요인구조 모형의 부합도가 높게 나타나서 일의 의미 척도의 구성개념을 검증하였다. 또한 일의 의미의 상위요인구조를 확인하기 위하여, 도출된 8개 요인에 대한 상위요인분석을 실시 한 결과 3개의 상위요인으로 생업(경제수단, 가족부양), 사회관계(인정, 대인관계), 자아실현(재미추구, 성장기회, 사회기여, 삶의활력)을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의 및 학문․실무적 시사점 및 제한점과 향후 연구 제안 등에 관하여 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to test the eight factors model and a high order factor structure of the Work Meaning Inventory(WMI) developed by Tak et al.(2015) and with a sample of employees. Data were obtained from 1,000 employees using online survey. Results of exploratory factor analyses confirmed the original 8 factors of the WMI, confirming the construct validity of the WMI. Also results of high-order factor analyses showed that the three higher order factors(make a living, growth opportunity, self-actualization) were obtained. Finally, the implications, limitations, and future studies are discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사(VMI-6)의 구인타당도와 임상적 유용성을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 자폐스펙트럼장애, 지적 장애, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애를 진단받은 만 6세에서 16세까지의 아동․청소년 91명과 일반아동 91명, 총 182명을 대상으로 한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사(VMI-6)와 한국판 웩슬러 아동지능검사 제 4판(K-WISC-IV)을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지적 장애, 자폐스펙트럼장애, ADHD 집단에서 VMI-6 시각-운동 통합 검사, 시지각 보충검사, 운동협응 보충검사와 K-WISC-IV의 10개의 주요 소검사들 간에 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 특히 VMI-6의 세 소검사는 K-WISC-IV의 전체 IQ(FSIQ), 지각추론지표, 작업기억지표, 토막짜기 소검사, 행렬 추리 소검사, 숫자 소검사와 강한 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, VMI-6의 시각-운동 통합 검사, 시지각 보충검사, 운동협응 보충검사에서 정상 집단이 세 장애 집단보다 높은 점수를 보여 VMI-6 수행에 따라 각 장애 집단과 정상 집단을 변별할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과, VMI-6는 이 검사가 측정하고자 하는 구성개념을 평가하는데 유용한 것으로 판단되며, 선행 연구들에서 시사된 것처럼 지적 장애, 자폐스펙트럼장애, ADHD 아동의 신경학적 결함을 변별하는데 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점과 향후 연구방향을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and clinical utility of the VMI-6. For this purpose, 91 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and ADHD and 91 general children from 6 to 16 years-of-age were tested using VMI-6 and K-WISC-IV. The results are as follows: First, between Visual-Motor Integration Test, Visual Perception Supplementary Test, Motor Coordination Supplementary Test of VMI-6 and 10 subtests of K-WISC-IV, the results proved to be statistically significant in the group of intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD. In particular, three subtests of VMI-6 scores showed a high correlation with Full Scale IQ, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Digit Span of K-WISC-IV. Second, each disorder group and general children were classified as per performance Visual-Motor Integration Test, Visual Perception Supplementary Test, and Motor Coordination Supplementary Test. These results showed that construct validity of VMI-6 is useful for examining constructs and for children with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD, VMI-6 was useful in classifying neurological deficits. Finally, the meaning and limitation of this study and suggestions for further study are discussed.

목적 : 본 연구는 한글판 PDMS-2(Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2)를 뇌성마비 아동과 일반아 동을 대상으로 평가하여 구성타당도를 검증하고 뇌성마비 아동 10명을 대상으로 재평가하여 검사-재검 사 신뢰도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 구성타당도 검증은 뇌성마비 아동과 일반아동 84명을 대상으로 하였다. 일반아동은 뇌성마비 아동 과 연령이 6개월 이내로 비슷하고 성별이 일치하는 아동으로 매칭하여 선별하였고, 한글판 PDMS-2평가 를 실시하여 두 집단의 표준점수 비교를 통해 구성타당도 검증을 하였다. 이 후 뇌성마비 아동 중 10명을 선정하여 2주 뒤 재평가를 실시하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 알아보았다. 결과 : 구성타당도 검증 결과 대근육, 소근육 영역별 점수와 하위 다섯 항목의 점수가 모두 통계적으로 유 의미하게 나타났다(p=.000). 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 Pearson 상관계수 .989로 매우 높은 수준의 시간 적 안정성을 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 한글판 PDMS-2는 아동의 운동 발달 수준을 알아보기에 높은 신뢰도와 타당도를 가진 평가 도구임을 확인하였다. 추후 한글판 PDMS-2는 국내 임상 현장과 연구 도구로 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Korean version of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (K-PDMS-2) and its test-retest reliability for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical children. Method : To ascertain the construct validity, the K-PDMS-2 evaluation was conducted on 42 children with cerebral palsy and 42 typical children of similar age and gender. Construct validity was proved through comparison with standard scores. Ten of the children with CP were re-evaluated after two weeks to determine test-retest reliability. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in gross motor and fine motor development according to five subtests between the group of children with CP and the typical group (p = .000). For test-retest reliability, the correlation coefficient of the total frequency score was .989, representing very high temporal stability. Conclusion : This study confirmed that K-PDMS-2 is an evaluation tool of high reliability and validity, and a potentially useful future measure for domestic clinical sites and research.

사고장애는 정신증 스펙트럼의 핵심 증상 중 하나로, 사고의 와해, 비논리성, 빈곤의 차원을 포함하며, 정상 사고에서부터 정신증적 사고까지 이어지는 연속선상에서 차원 적으로 나타나는 특성으로 이해된다. 이러한 차원성은 비임상 집단에서도 사고장애가 다양한 수준으로 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 이를 측정하는 것은 정신건강 위험 요인을 조기에 탐색하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 사고장애의 평가에서 로샤 검사는 근거 기반성을 입 증해 왔으나, 실시와 해석의 복잡성으로 인해 폭넓은 활용에 제약이 있었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 비대면에서 실시 가능한 간소화된 자기기입식 로샤 검사를 통해 사고장 애 지표(WSum6)를 평정하여, 해당 지표의 구성 및 준거 타당도를 탐색하고자 했다. 이를 위해 대학생 113명을 대상으로 비대면 환경에서 간소화된 4-카드 로샤 검사를 실시하여, WSum6를 산출하고 그 분포와 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 정신건강 문제로 인 한 치료 경험 여부를 수집하였고, 부적응적 성격 특성 및 임상적 증상을 평가하기 위해 밀 론 다축 임상성격 검사(MCMI-IV)를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, WSum6는 MCMI-IV의 조현병 스펙트럼, 조현형 성격, 양극성 스펙트럼, 일반화된 불안 척도와 유의미한 정적 상관을 보였으며, 외현화 증후군을 나타내는 반사 회성 성격, 알코올 사용 척도와는 두드러진 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 정신건강 문제로 인한 치료 경험이 있는 집단에서 WSum6가 유의미하게 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비대면 자기기입식 로샤 검사를 통해 비임상 집단에서도 사고의 혼란과 관련된 변인을 평가할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 정신건강 위험성을 평가하 는 비대면 심리평가 도구으로서 로샤 검사의 활용 가능성을 제시하는 기초 자료를 제공 한다.

Thought disorder is a core symptom of the psychosis spectrum, characterized by derailment, illogicality, and poverty of thought. It is understood as a dimensional construct that ranges from normal to psychotic thinking along a continuum. This dimensionality suggests that thought disorder can manifest at varying levels even in non-clinical populations, making its assessment valuable for identifying mental health risk factors at an early stage. The Rorschach test has demonstrated evidence-based utility in evaluating thought disorders but has been limited in its broader application due to the complexity of administration and interpretation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the structure and criterion validity of the thought disorder index (WSum6) using a simplified self-administered version of the Rorschach test in a remote setting. The study involved 113 university students who completed a simplified 4-card Rorschach test in a remote environment. The WSum6 scores were calculated, and their distribution and characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, information on mental health-related treatment history was collected, and maladaptive personality traits and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV). The results showed that WSum6 was significantly positively correlated with the schizophrenia spectrum, schizotypal personality, bipolar spectrum, and generalized anxiety scales of the MCMI-IV, but did not show notable correlations with externalizing syndromes such as antisocial personality or alcohol use scales. Furthermore, WSum6 scores were significantly higher in groups with a history of mental health treatment. This study demonstrated that a self-administered Rorschach test conducted in a remote setting can effectively evaluate variables associated with disorganized thinking even in non-clinical populations. The findings provide foundational evidence for the potential use of the Rorschach test as a remote psychological assessment tool for evaluating mental health risks.

Until recently, scoring in writing test of Korean language tended to depend on ‘subjective intuition’, and, except for a few evaluation organization, it relied on two or three evaluation criteria such as ‘content and accuracy’, ‘content, format, expression’, or ‘content, format, organization’. Also, evaluation criteria and standard had significant variance, and allocation of scores on criteria has been obscure and subjective. As a result, there have been some doubts regarding reliability and validity of the test. However, just like there is no right answer to ‘what is the good writing?’ which has been debated among philosophers and researchers, there has been little structured discussion regarding ‘how could we define good writing?’ while researches so far has been focusing on analytic scale, criteria description, and reliability and validity, it is time to raise questions regarding which evaluation criteria have bigger impact through the evaluation process. In summary, metacognitive competence mattered much more than overall knowledge in language through the process of writing evaluation. However, considering that objective of Korean language education is to enhance communication capabilities as a second language, to make this evaluation more meaningful, we need to first compare holistic score in writing from native speakers and score in knowledge level of language, and understand the correlation. This could be a theoretical rationale to differentiate importance of various evaluation criteria.

The purposes of this paper were to investigate the construct validity of Test of Proficiency in Korean(TOPIK) and to identify the adequacy of item types (subjective / objective) in Writing Section. In order to achieve the goals, the test data from three administrations of TOPIK(22th, 23th, and 24th test) were analyzed. Exploratory factor analyses and correlation analyses were conducted to obtain empirical evidences. The major findings of this study were two-folded: First, each of 4 sections in TOPIK did not represent unique domain as designed by test specification. The correlations among scores of 4 sections were relatively high compared with the results of TOEIC which shared similar test purpose with TOPIK. Also it was found that basic level test form tended to have unidimensional characteristic rather than advanced level test form. Second, there was not much unique effect of subjective items in Writing section compared with objective items. Correlations between subscores of subjective items and scores of Writing section became lower in the advanced form. The limitations and practical implications of the study to improve TOPIK were also discussed.

While much of the extant literature in public management has focused on individual performance using only in-role or job performance, there is a need to consider another approach to individual performance, one that includes extra-role performance. However, public sector organizations have rarely emphasized the integration of these two types of behavioral performance to measure individual performance. Using confirmatory factor analysis and other statistical analyses, this study examines the construct validity of a multidimensional measure of individual performance. This analysis supports a multidimensional approach to individual performance. The implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.

This study presented a construct validation procedure for the English subtest of the 1998 KCSAT (Korean College Scholastic Ability Test) for 10,000 examinees with different academic tracks (e.g., Humanities & Sciences). The English subtest consisted of two subscales (e.g., Listening and Reading Comprehension) with a total of 55 test items, and the binary item response data were subjected to the TESTFACT 4.0 program (Wood, Wilson, Gibbons, Schilling, Muraki, & Bock, 2002), which handles exploratory factor analysis with dichotomous data. Factor scores generated from the TESTFACT procedure were taken to the LISREL 8.5 program, and a multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the invariance of the factor loadings of the English subtest across humanities and sciences. Results of the multi-sample analysis indicate a variant factor structure of the English subtest for the Humanities and Sciences. This suggests that the test may have different meanings for examinees with different academic backgrounds, hence threatening construct validity of the test.

This paper investigates the underlying structures of two different types of input formats in a web-based listening test. A web-based listening test was designed based on two input format conditions: input preview and no input preview. To examine whether those formats measured the same listening construct, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed. Among three hypothesized models (a three sub-skill model, a two sub-skill model, a single trait model), a three sub-skill factor model containing three latent variables: ‘Main idea’, ‘Detail’, and ‘Inference’ was optimal in representing the data in both format groups. Additionally, multi-group analyses were conducted to examine whether underlying structures were equivalent across formats. The results for the test of measurement and structural invariance revealed that underlying structures of the three sub-skill construct were equivalent across two input formats. Discussion and implications are discussed.

A study of efficient aerodynamic database modeling method was conducted. A creation of database using periodicity and symmetry characteristic of missile aerodynamic coefficient was investigated to minimize the number of wind tunnel test cases. In addition, studies of how to generate the aerodynamic database when the periodicity changes due to installation of protuberance and how to conduct a zero calibration were carried out. Depending on missile configurations, the required number of test cases changes and there exist tests that can be omitted. A database of aerodynamic on deflection angle of control surface can be constituted using phase shift. A validity of modeling method was demonstrated by confirming that the result which the aerodynamic coefficient calculated by using the modeling method was in agreement with wind tunnel test results.

Until recently, scoring in writing test of Korean language tended to depend on ‘subjective intuition’, and, except for a few evaluation organization, it relied on two or three evaluation criteria such as ‘content and accuracy’, ‘content, format, expression’, or ‘content, format, organization’. Also, evaluation criteria and standard had significant variance, and allocation of scores on criteria has been obscure and subjective. As a result, there have been some doubts regarding reliability and validity of the test. However, just like there is no right answer to ‘what is the good writing?’ which has been debated among philosophers and researchers, there has been little structured discussion regarding ‘how could we define good writing?’ while researches so far has been focusing on analytic scale, criteria description, and reliability and validity, it is time to raise questions regarding which evaluation criteria have bigger impact through the evaluation process. In summary, metacognitive competence mattered much more than overall knowledge in language through the process of writing evaluation. However, considering that objective of Korean language education is to enhance communication capabilities as a second language, to make this evaluation more meaningful, we need to first compare holistic score in writing from native speakers and score in knowledge level of language, and understand the correlation. This could be a theoretical rationale to differentiate importance of various evaluation criteria.

Launched in 1999 and funded by the Korean government, the R&D project of developing the. light train system technology is finally wrapped up to produce its prototype train prototype and all the research activities on signal, communication, power supply third rail Type and infra-structure have been completed. In an attempt to verify the usability of the system through an actual testing and as a preliminary step to the application of the system to overall light train construction projects to be implemented in different cities in Korea, testing lines are under construction now. Here we'd like to introduce people to the general overview of the test line construction and interface found in the process of project.

본 연구는 한국어번역 학습자 번역 능력 평가 기준 개발의 일환으로 평가 구인 체계를 제안하는 데에 목적이있다. 본 연구에서는 두 절차를 밟아서 평가 구인 체계를 개발하였다. 첫째, 번역 능력 평가의 개념을 검토하고 재정립하였다. 기존 번역 능력 모델의 구성 요소를 전반적으로 범주화하여 새로운 번역 능력 모델을 조작하여, 크게 ‘출발어능력’, ‘도착어 능력’, ‘주제 지식 능력’, ‘번역 전략 능력’의 4개의 대범주를 설정하고 총 17개의 하위 요소를 제시했다. 둘째, 현행 및 선행연구에서 제시하는 번역 능력 평가 항목들을 조작된 번역 능력 모델에 따라 재분류하여 총 380개의평가 항목을 수집하였다. 각 평가 항목에 고빈도로 나오는 ‘행동’을 표현하는 키워드 23개와 ‘기준’을 표현하는 키워드29개를 추출하여 평가 세부 내용 작성의 기반 자료를 만들었다. 이러한 기반 자료를 바탕으로 최종적으로 ‘출발어능력’ 범주에 4개, ‘도착어 능력’ 범주에 14개, ‘주제 지식 능력’ 범주에 5개, ‘번역 전략 능력’ 범주에 18개로 총41개의 세부 내용을 제시하여 평가 구인 체계를 마련하였다. 본 연구는 한국어번역 교육에서 평가 연구에 대한 인식을높이고 평가 기준 구축에 기초 자료를 제공하는 데에 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to develop a construct to assess Korean translation learners’ competence. The construct was developed following 2 procedures. First, the concept of translation competence assessment was reviewed and redefined. Previous research on translation competence was analyzed. A new translation competence model was developed with four components-“source language competence”, “target language competence”, “subject knowledge competence”, “translation strategy competence”- and 17 sub-elements. Second, this study reviewed the current translation assessment rubric. A total of 380 assessment items were collected and reclassified. 23 keywords describing “behavior” and 29 keywords describing “criteria” were extracted to create the basis for detailed assessment content. Based on the data, this study developed the construct with 41 items to assess translation competence: 4 items for “source language competence”, 14 items for “target language competence”, 5 items for “subject knowledge competence”, and 18 items for “translation strategy competence”. This study opens new perspectives for assessment in Korean translation education and provides basic data for developing a translation competence assessment rubric.

본 연구에서는 진로결정 자기효능감 검사-단축형을 비장애 학생 집단과 발달장애 학생 집단에 동일하게 적용할 수 있는 검사인지 검증하고자 한다. 이를 검토하기 위해 검사의 구인동등성을 검증하고,두 집단 간에 진로결정 자기효능감의 차이가 존재하는지를 확인하기 위해 잠재평균분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 목적을 위해 156명의 연구대상 자료를 분석하였다. 이 중 남학생은 91명, 여학생은 65명이었으며, 비발달장애학생은 107명, 발달장애학생은 49명이었다. 연구결과, 첫 번째로 다집단 확인적 요인분석을 통해 발달장애 유무에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감 검사의 구인동등성이 확인되었다. 이는 진로결정 자기효능감 검사가 발달장애 유무와 상관없이 동일하게 사용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 두 번째, 발달장애 유무에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감의 잠재평균 차이를 분석한 결과 발달장애 유무에 따라 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 본 연구는 발달장애 유무를 고려하여 진로결정 자기효능감 검사를 타당화 했다는 점과 척도의 오차를 반영하여 집단 간의 잠재평균의 차이를 파악했다는 점에서 다른 검사도구 타당화 연구와 차별성을 가진다. 이로써 본 연구에서 제시한 진로결정 자기효능감 검사를 통해 발달장애유무와 상관없이 학생들이 자신의 진로결정 자기효능감을 비교적 정확하게 파악할 수 있으며, 나아가진로결정 자기효능감 향상시키기 위한 기준으로 삼을 수 있다. 또 교사들은 각 학생들의 진로결정 자기효능감의 수준을 비교적 정확히 파악하여 발달장애 특성에 맞는 진로결정 자기효능감 프로그램을개발하는 데 필요한 기초 자료를 얻을 수 있다. 마지막으로 발달장애 유무에 따라 진로결정 자기효능감이 유의한 차이를 나타낸 점은 발달장애 학생들을 위한 별도의 진로결정 자기효능감 향상 프로그램이 개발되어야 함을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to research construct equivalence of career decision-makingself-efficacy scale short form using multi group confirmatory factor analysis and to compare thelatent means according to developmental disability. The subjects were 156 students in Seoul andGyeonggi. According to the result, construct equivalence across non-handicapped student anddevelopmental disability students were verified by multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and,therefore, the scale could be used for student regardless of developmental disability. The result of thelatent mean analysis by non-handicapped student and developmental disability students indicated thatthere were significant differences of latent means between non-handicapped student anddevelopmental disability students. Also, non-handicapped student showed a significantly higher meanin career decision-making self-efficacy than developmental disability students. From these results,meaningful suggestions regarding measuring career decision-making self-efficacy of developmentaldisability students can be made. First, developmental disability students can know their exact careerdecision-making self-efficacy level and they can refer to this for improving career decision-makingself-efficacy. Moreover, educators can identify each developmental disability student’s careerdecision-making self-efficacy level and acquire the core information to develop a careerdecision-making self-efficacy. Finally, the results of this study found that the differencing careerdecision-making self-efficacy levels between non-handicapped student and developmental disabilitystudent could be a basis for developing a career decision-making self-efficacy program according todisability.

탁진국, 이기학이 개발한 대학생 진로미결정 척도(Korean Career Indecision Inventory, K-CII)는 5개의 하위 요인, 외적 장애, 우유부단한 성격, 직업정보 부족, 자기 명확성 부족, 필요성인식 부족 요인으로 구성되어 대학생들이진로를 선택하고 결정하는 과정에서 이를 어렵게 만드는 이유와 원인을 측정한다. 본 연구에서는 진로미결정 척도의5가지 요인이 성별에 관계없이 동일하게 사용될 수 있을지를 검토하기 위해 척도의 구인 동등성을 검증하고, 성별에따라서 진로미결정의 차이가 존재하는지를 확인하기 위해 잠재평균비교를 실시하였다. 연구에는 서울 및 충청지역4년제 6개 대학에서 교양수업 및 전공기초과목을 수강하는 다양한 전공생 644명이 참여하였다. 척도의 하위요인별내적 합치도는 양호한 수준이었다. 연구결과, 첫째 진로미결정 5개 요인 구조가 남, 녀 대학생 모두에게 동일하게적합한 것으로 나타나 형태 동일성이 확보되었으며, 측정 동일성과 절편 동일성도 확보되었음을 확인하였다. 이에따라 대학생 진로미결정 척도는 남, 녀 대학생 모두에게 동일하게 사용될 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 남, 녀 대학생의 진로미결정의 차이에 대한 잠재평균을 분석한 결과 5개의 하위요인 중, 필요성 인식 부족에서 남자대학생이여자대학생들보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높은 평균값을 보였다. 마지막으로 분석결과에 대해 논의하고 연구의의의 및 한계, 후속연구를 위한 제안점을 제시하였다.

The Career Indecision Inventory applicable to Korean University students is composed of five factors(external barrier, indecisiveness, lack of career information, lack of self-identity, lack of necessity of recognition). The purpose of this study is to investigate the construct equivalence of five factors of Career Indecision Inventory and to compare the latent means between male and female students. In the pursuit of the purposes, multi-group confirmative factor analysis is performed to test whether the inventory has configural, metric and scale invariance, indicating that different scores on the inventory can be compared meaningfully across the groups. Latent means analysis(LMA) is performed to test mean differences on the five factors across the two groups. According to LMA where male students are used as reference group, male students show significantly higher latent mean vales than female students in lack of necessity of recognition. Finally, the implications of the results and the need for future studies were pointed out.